大豆蛋白呈鲜组分的制备及其性质研究

大豆经酶解后可产生呈现鲜味的物质。为了研究产品中鲜味的来源及产生鲜味组分的主要组成,本研究以大豆分离蛋白为原料,经风味蛋白酶改性,感官分析后发现,水解度达到43％时的酶解液呈鲜较强、苦味较弱;该酶解产物过截留分子量为10000Da,6000Da,3000Da的超滤膜,分成四个组分,发现是平均分子量小于3000Da的肽组份,而大于3000Da和小于500Da的组分只有微弱的鲜味,苦味和涩味明显。研究结果同时发现该酶解产物与肌苷酸间有显著风味增强效果。     

酶解法制备大豆小肽的工艺研究

以豆粕为发酵原料,利用复合酶酶解方法制备大豆小肽,筛选碱性、中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶进行复配酶解豆粕。结果表明:复合酶的最佳配比为碱性蛋白酶∶中性蛋白酶∶胰蛋白酶为3∶2∶1;酶解条件:p H8.5,反应温度50℃,反应时间4.5 h,水解度为94.55%,苦味值为3;小肽显示分子量分布范围:≤1 000 Da可达74.67%以上,其中≤500 Da占55.61%以上。综上试验结果可知,对比单酶、双酶及3种酶酶解豆粕的水解度和苦味值两项指标,3种酶组合使用更适合于制备水解度高、苦味低的大豆小肽。     

大豆蛋白酶解物的抗消化性及离子强度对其聚集的影响

分别采用体积排阻色谱和Folin-酚法测定了经酸性蛋白酶(蛋白酶M、胃蛋白酶)、中性蛋白酶(蛋白酶A、蛋白酶N)、枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶Alcalase酶解后制得的大豆肽经过模拟体内消化之后分子量的变化,以及离子强度对酶解物聚合的影响.大豆肽的高效液相色谱体积排阻色谱图显示,50％左右的大豆肽的分子量集中在10～30 kD...     

抗氧化大豆多肽纯化的研究

利用超滤技术分离大豆多肽酶解物,得到分子量在5 KDa～10 KDa与小于5 KDa的多肽,利用高速逆流色谱技术(HSCCC)对分子量小于5 KDa的多肽进行分离,并利用反相高效液相色谱技术(RP-HLPC)进一步纯化,得到纯度为73.68%的大豆多肽.与未纯化的大豆蛋白酶解物相比,纯化后的大豆多肽清除超氧阴离子自由基和过氧化氢的能力分别提高了43.72%和71.64%.因此,该系列纯化方法所得产物的纯度高,抗氧化能力强,适合于抗氧化大豆多肽的制备.     

酶法米糠制取油脂及蛋白多肽工艺技术的研究

以钝化新鲜全脂米糠为原料,通过复合酶酶解钝化新鲜全脂米糠,分离提取稻米油后,再用糖化酶解底物,制得了米糠蛋白多肽。以钝化新鲜全脂米糠为底物,在50℃pH 6.0的条件下添加2.0%碱性蛋白酶、纤维素酶组成的复合酶(1:1,w/w)酶解5 h,稻米油的提油率为23.27%,稻米油中γ-谷维素1 411±11.26 mg/100 g。将米糠酶解物溶液pH调至3.5,加0.3%的糖化酶,酶解温度60℃,酶解1.5 h,当DH为21.04%,蛋白质回收率为80.13%,米糠蛋白多肽中蛋白质含量为81.3%;肽含量71.1%,小于2 000 Da分子量的组分占83.15%。     

“紫娟”普洱茶茶褐素的膜分离及其理化性质的初步研究

以"紫娟"普洱茶为原料,分离制备茶褐素,采用膜技术对茶褐素分级,得到含量较多的3 500 Da透出部分和100 000 Da未透出部分,并对两部分进行理化性质分析。结果表明:100 000 Da未透出部分总酸性基团、羧基、酚羟基、多酚类及多糖含量均高于3 500 Da透出部分;100 000 Da未透出部分的多糖由核糖、鼠李糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成;而3 500 Da透出部分未检出单糖。研究显示,3 500 Da透出样和100 000 Da未透出部分中均含有-OH、-COOH,推测"紫娟"普洱茶茶褐素属苯多酚类物质,并含有酚性色素、多糖、蛋白质、脂类及生物碱等。     

大豆小分子多肽制备工艺和质量标准的研究

采用酶法水解脱脂豆饼粕制备具有生物活性的大豆小分子多肽,确定了先以粗胰酶预酶解5%豆饼粕蛋白,再以中性微生物蛋白酶进一步水解提取大豆小分子多肽的工艺流程.粗胰酶酶解最佳条件:添加量为9 000 U·g-1,酶解温度55℃,pH 8.5,时间6 h.中性微生物蛋白酶水解粗胰酶乳最佳条件为:加酶量8 500 U·g-1,pH 7.5,温度45℃,时间2 h.在此条件下,肽得率可达到73.98%.同时还构建了大豆小分子活性多肽的质量检测标准.     

大豆蛋白的甘露聚糖糖基化研究

将大豆分离蛋白与甘露聚糖糖基化生成大豆糖蛋白,力求为工业化生产大豆糖肽作为原料.采用SDS-PAGE电泳技术,OPA法测定大豆蛋白的接枝度,结果大豆分离蛋白的7S和11S中各亚基均参与了糖基化反应,70℃和80℃的蛋白接枝度在30%左右;糖蛋白的溶解性测定结果显示经过糖基化之后的大豆糖蛋白溶解性有显著提高并且等电点向酸性方向偏移,糖基化之后的蛋白含糖量随糖基化温度升高而增加.     

不同分子量大豆多糖的表征和抗氧化研究

以酸提大豆多糖为原料,通过控制降解条件得到4种不同分子量的大豆多糖样品,分子量分别为550,347,285和21 k Da。对4种多糖进行了傅里叶红外(FT-IR)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析,并分别测定了4种多糖对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的清除能力以及还原能力的大小,结果表明:4种大豆多糖都有一定的抗氧化活性,但抗氧化活性高低有所不同,分子量为285 k Da的大豆多糖对自由基的清除能力最强,还原能力最强,分子量为21 k Da的大豆多糖对自由基的清除能力最弱,还原能力最弱。     

豆粕固态发酵产活性肽的发酵条件优化

以豆粕粉为原料,采用固态发酵法,接入产酶能力较强的米曲霉、黑曲霉和混合细菌进行发酵,以多肽转化率为指标对发酵过程中的发酵条件进行优化,单因素试验优化的发酵条件为:发酵时间102 h,发酵温度32℃,接种量4%。采用响应面分析法确定最适发酵工艺条件为:接种量2.6%,发酵温度32℃,发酵时间96～98 h,得到的大豆肽转化率为38.13%。层析柱分析得到分子量在500～1 000 Da之间的肽段是具有特殊生理活性的功能肽。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.