沧州市小麦吸浆虫发生规律与防治技术

正小麦吸浆虫,又名麦蛆,是世界性的小麦害虫。广泛分布于亚洲、欧洲和美洲主要小麦栽培地区。小麦吸浆虫也广泛分布我国主要产麦区。在我国小麦吸浆虫种类主要为小麦红吸浆虫和黄吸浆虫;小麦红吸浆虫主要发生在平原地区的黄河两岸;小麦黄吸浆虫主要发生在高原地区和高山地带。沧州地区小麦吸浆虫主要是红吸浆虫,系20世纪90年代随联合收割机跨区作业传入。     

小麦主要病害及综合防控技术

小麦是我国的主要农作物之一,小麦种植是我国农业中的重要组成部分。随着经济发展和科技水平提升,小麦种植技术不断改进,实现了小麦产量和质量的提升,但在种植的过程中也出现一系列病害,影响小麦的产量和质量。以小麦主要的病害类型为切入点,分析了不同病害的发病规律和原因,提出了防控小麦病害的一系列措施,以期为小麦种植提供参考。     

小麦野生近缘植物抗病性鉴定研究进展

小麦野生近缘植物具有优良的抗病特性,是改良普通小麦的宝贵遗传资源,是基因改良和培育高产、优质和高抗病性小麦的基础。为此,主要对小麦赤霉病、白粉病、叶锈病、条锈病、秆锈病等小麦主要病害的发生及危害情况进行简述,阐述了利用小麦野生近缘植物进行小麦主要病害的抗病性鉴定研究进展,包括苗期及成株期鉴定、温室及田间试验、分子标记辅助鉴定等,指出了小麦近缘野生植物与普通小麦直接或间接杂交转移优异基因情况,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

全面控制小麦病虫危害夺取今年我省小麦丰收

主要小麦病虫害发生概况 当前,我省小麦已开始进入起身拔节期,同时小麦病虫害也陆续进入发生危害时期。由于我省小麦种植面积大,各地生产条件、生态环境、小麦生产水平、种植品种、播期播量、耕作习惯等因素的不同,小麦病虫草害发生情况也不尽相同。从全省情况看,对小麦生产安全影响严重的小麦病虫害主要有：条锈病、吸浆虫、纹枯病、麦穗蚜、赤霉病、白粉病和新出现的孢囊线虫病以及全蚀病等。     

无公害优质小麦高产栽培技术

小麦是我国主要的粮食作物之一,在我国的种植范围广泛,在农业发展中具有重要的地位。随着农业产业结构的调整,我国耕地资源逐渐减少,而高品质小麦的需求量逐渐增多。基于此,主要从种子的选择和处理、种植地选择和处理、施底肥、播种技术、田间管理等方面论述了无公害优质小麦高产栽培技术,同时提出了小麦主要病虫害的绿色防治方法,以期为小麦栽培提供参考。     

小麦白粉病的发病程度与品种抗性间的关系

白粉病是小麦的主要病害之一。目前抗病品种由于对抗源的长期、重复使用及白粉病菌新的生理小种的不断出现,再加上近年来肥水条件的改善,小麦群体加大,致使小麦白粉病的发生范围逐渐扩大,发病程度逐渐加重,严重影响小麦的产量和质量。鉴于白粉病对小麦生产的巨大威胁,我们于2008年对山东省栽培的主要小麦品种进行了白粉病的抗性调查,     

全国农技中心印发《小麦主要病虫害全程综合防控技术指导意见》

<正>小麦是我国主要的粮食作物,小麦病虫害是影响小麦安全生产的重要限制因素,每年给小麦生产带来重大损失。我国每年小麦病虫害发生面积10亿亩次左右,损失小麦约10%³0%。为落实2014年农业部秋冬种会议和全国小麦秋播药剂拌种会议精神,进一步提高小麦病虫害防治工作的规范化水平,全国农技中心与国家小麦产业技术体系病虫害防控功能研究室近期共同研究制定了我国不同小麦产区的《小麦主要病虫害全程综合防治技术指导意见》,并印发各地,供参照执行。《小麦主要病虫害全程综合防治技术指导意见》如下:     

河南省小麦种业发展初探

小麦是河南省第一大优势作物,文章针对河南省小麦种业的现状,分析了制约河南省小麦种业发展的主要因素,提出了促进河南省小麦种业发展的对策和建议。     

优质小麦高产栽培及病虫害绿色防控技术研究

小麦作为我国的主要作物之一,其对于社会经济发展具有十分重要的作用,所以要加强小麦的生产和管理。小麦高产栽培以及绿色防控技术是提高小麦生产管理水平的关键内容。以小麦为研究对象,分析其栽培和病虫害的绿色防控技术,以提高小麦的生产和管理水平。     

兴义市下午屯办事处小麦主要病虫综合治理技术效果与措施

小麦是兴义市下午屯街道办主要种植的粮食作物之一，常年播种面积在600hm^2左右，随着施肥水平的提高，氮肥施用量和小麦种植密度的增加，小麦病虫害的发生日趋严重。主要病虫有小麦白粉病、锈病和麦蚜，尤以小麦白粉病、麦蚜发生面积广，危害重。     

黔西北山区小麦育种目标及策略商榷

根据黔西北山区生态和生产条件,提出了该区小麦育种在产量、 品质、 抗病性和适应性等方面的具体育种目标（指标）,并指出远缘杂交、冬春杂交和地方品种的改良是实现上述目标的主要策略。     

Fluorescence in situ hybridization polymorphism using two repetitive DNA clones in different cultivars of wheat

Twenty‐two wheat cultivars and a wheat line were analysed with two‐colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the pSc119.2 and pAs1 repetitive DNA clones to detect if polymorphism could be observed in the hybridization patterns of different wheat cultivars. The FISH hybridization pattern of ‘Chinese Spring’ was compared with wheat cultivars of different origins. Differences were observed in the hybridization patterns of chromosomes 4A, 5A, 1B, 2B, 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 1D, 2D, 3D and 4D. Although a low level of polymorphism exists in the FISH pattern of different wheat cultivars, it is possible to identify 17 pairs of chromosomes according to their hybridization patterns with these two probes. This study will help to predict the expected variation in the FISH pattern when analysing wheat genetic stocks of different origin. It is presumed that variation in hybridization patterns are caused by chromosome structural rearrangements and by differences in the amount and location of repetitive sequences in the cultivars analysed.     

小麦新品种‘泰山28’选育及其特性分析

为选育出适应山东省种植的高产、稳产、抗逆小麦新品种,以‘3262’为母本,‘皖麦38’为父本进行杂交,采用系谱法选育出‘泰山28’。于2013年11月通过山东省品种审定委员会审定。该品种通过多年多点试验和省区域试验表现出高产、稳产、抗病、抗倒、优质中筋、适应性广的特征。选育过程中所采用的杂交组合配制、组合分类鉴定、扩大鉴定圃与多点鉴定结合、农艺性状与生理性状结合的育种实践和思想可为广大育种工作者提供参考。     

优质高产小麦新品种连麦2号的选育

分析连云港地区生态、栽培条件及城乡居民随着生活水平提高的消费需求,制定了小麦优质高产育种目标。按照育种目标选配亲本,以优质品系鉴94（73）为父本、丰产抗病品种鲁麦21为母本进行有性杂交,经多年连续定向选择,培育成小麦新品种连麦2号（连9791）。多年多点区试表明,连麦2号丰产稳产、耐肥抗倒、适应性较广,具有分蘖力较强、成穗数较多、千粒重较高、产量三要素协调、品质优良等特点,有较广阔的利用前景。     

Fluorescent in situ hybridization as an aid to introducing alien genetic variation into wheat

Summary Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has been used to assess the occurrence and frequency of wheat-alien chromosome pairing in a wheat/Thinopyrum bessarabicum hybrid and in wheat/rye hybrids with different levels of chromosome pairing by examining pollen mother cells at metaphase I of meiosis. The use of FISH to identify the presence and size of alien chromatin in a wheat background is also demonstrated.The value of FISH as an aid to the introgression of alien genetic variation into wheat is discussed.Abbreviations FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization - GISH genomic in situ hybridization - PRINS primer-induced in situ hybridization     

Review of doubled haploid production in durum and common wheat through wheat × maize hybridization

Production of doubled haploids (DHs) is an important methodology to speed the process of breeding and development of mapping populations in crops. The procedure for DH production includes two major steps: haploid induction and chromosome doubling. In recent years, wide hybridization between wheat and maize has become a main approach for haploid production in wheat. In this method, the maize chromosomes are completely eliminated during the early development of the hybrid seeds after wheat spikes were pollinated with maize pollen. Numerous wheat cultivars and mapping populations have been developed using wheat–maize hybridization. In this study, we review the procedures of DH production of durum and common wheat via wide hybridization with maize, the factors which affect the efficiency of DH production, and the mechanism of selective elimination of the maize genome during the early development of the hybrid embryos. We also report a highly efficient protocol for DH production in durum and common wheat, which was established based on the optimal conditions for each of the factors that affect the efficiency of DH production.     

生物素标记的重复DNA序列与黑麦染色体的原位杂交

本研究以两个黑麦重复ＤＮＡ序列ｐＳｃ１１９．１和ｐＳｃ１１９．２作探针进行原位杂交，研究其在小麦和黑麦杂色体上的分布及在检测黑麦染色质中的应用。实验结果表明：ｐＳｃ１１９．１分布于所有黑麦染色体的长短臂上，但在小麦染色体上几乎检测不到杂交信号，证明ｐＳｃ１１９．１对黑麦染色体具有专化性。进一步用该探针与小麦品种“Ａｍｉｇｏ”的体细胞染色体进行原位杂交，可明显检测出其中一对含ＩＲＳ的染色体。ｐＳｃ１     

CIMMYT 145份小麦种质资源的鉴定及杂交利用

为了拓宽和丰富小麦种质资源遗传多样性,提高小麦产量和品质,在大田对国外引进的145份小麦种质资源进行了农艺性状和品质性状的鉴定和评价。结果表明,这些材料基本属弱春性类型。在山西南部麦区,可推迟播期于10月下旬种植,作为育种材料利用。主要农艺性状的单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量变异系数分别为15.7%、16.03%、12.23%和23.96%,多数材料籽粒综合品质较好,尤其面筋品质好,筋力强。这些材料的农艺性状和品质性状具有丰富的遗传多样性。株高和千粒重与产量的相关系数最大,分别为0.5032和0.4178,达极显著水平,是提高产量的关键因素。综合3年试验结果,筛选出产量超过3750 kg/hm2有32份,鉴选出8个组合的相应强筋力品系和35个综合性状表现较优异品系,其突出优异性状表现植株穗大,小穗结实好,穗粒多,可作为小麦育种的重点种质材料利用。通过播期调节花期,利用CIMMYT材料合理杂交配组,已选育至F3代、BC2F1代和BC1F1代,有望育成优质大穗丰产抗旱创新材料及新品系。     

Searching for DNA introgressed from wheat and for wheat-like grain proteins in a rice x wheat hybridization derivative

The DNA of a putative rice x wheat hybridization derivative (X Oryticum oryzoides) from China, the DNA of its parental rice cultivar and the DNA of a wheat line were digested with ten different restriction endonucleases, resolved by agarose electrophoresis, Southern blotted and hybridized using genomic wheat DNA as a probe. Phenol extracted, ethanol and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide precipitated DNA of the putative hybrid showed a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) different from that of the parental rice. When the DNA was further purified by Qiagen chromatography, the RFLP differences were not detected. Hence the apparent RFLP differences were probably due partial digestion of the less pure DNA preparations by the restriction endonucleases. No real introgressed fragments from wheat genome could be shown. The HpaII/MspI sites were more frequently digested with MspI than with HpaII in rice and hybridization derivative DNA, but the sites were evidently more frequently methylated in wheat DNA. Thus, in terms of methylation of the DNA, the hybridization derivative was much more like the rice parent than the wheat parent. The hybridization derivative showed a single endospermal protein (mass 19 kg mol^-1) not detected in the parental rice cultivar. This minor protein was soluble in buffered 50% isopropanol and precipitable with methanol. The results indicate that there are no or only short introgressed sequences from wheat in the rice/wheat derivative, a result which might be considered in breeding efforts with the hybrid derivative.     

优质高产小麦新品种豫麦56号选育技术

分析城乡居民随着生活水平提高的消费需求，研究分析了小麦育种资源的状况，制订了适合麦田两熟种植的小麦优质高产育种目标。按照既定育种目标选配亲本，以优质品系郑州891、丰产品系周麦8836、适应性及综合性状较好的冀麦5418为亲本进行有性杂交，经多年连续定向选择，培育成粗杆抗倒穗大粒多、耐旱抗逆、广适抗病、优质高产的小麦新品种豫麦56号（郑优6号）。