EFFECT OF SOIL BUNDS ON RUNOFF,SOIL AND NUTRIENT LOSSES,AND CROP YIELD IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ETHIOPIA

The effects of soil bunds on runoff, losses of soil and nutrients, and crop yield are rarely documented in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. A field experiment was set up consisting of three treatments: (i) barley‐cultivated land protected with graded soil bunds (Sb); (ii) fallow land (F); and (iii) barley‐cultivated land without soil bund (Bc). For 3 years (2007–2009), the effect of soil bunds on runoff, losses of soil and nutrients, and crop productivity was studied. Daily runoff and soil and nutrient losses were measured for each treatment using standard procedures while barley yield was recorded from the cultivated plots. The results showed that Sb brought about significant reduction in runoff and soil losses. Plots with Sb reduced the average annual runoff by 28 per cent and the average annual soil loss by 47 per cent. Consequently, Sb reduced losses of soil nutrients and organic carbon. However, the absolute losses were still high. This implies the need for supplementing Sb with biological and agronomic land management measures to further control soil erosion. Despite these positive impacts on soil quality, Sb do not increase crop yield. Calculated on a per‐hectare basis, Sb even reduce crop yield by about 7 per cent as compared with control plots, which is entirely explained by the reduction of the cultivable area by 8·6 per cent due to the soil bunds. Suitable measures are needed to compensate the yield losses caused by the construction of soil bunds, which would convince farmers to construct these land management measures that have long‐term beneficial effects on erosion control. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Erosional impacts on soil properties and corn yield on Alfisols in central Ohio

Accelerated soil erosion can impact upon agronomic productivity by reducing topsoil depth (TSD), decreasing plant available water capacity and creating nutrient imbalance in soil and within plant. Research information on soil‐specific cause – effect relationship is needed to develop management strategies for restoring productivity of eroded soils. Therefore, two field experiments were established on Alfisols in central Ohio to quantify erosion‐induced changes in soil properties and assess their effects on corn growth and yield. Experiment 1 involved studying the effects of past erosion on soil properties and corn yield on field runoff plots where soil was severely eroded and comparing it with that on adjacent slightly eroded soil. In addition, soil properties and corn grain yield in runoff plots were compared on side‐slopes with that on toe‐slopes or depositional sites. Experiment 2 involved relating corn growth and yield to topsoil depth on a sloping land. With recommended rates of fertilizer application, corn grain yield did not differ among erosional phases. Fertilizer application masked the adverse effects of erosion on corn yield. Corn grain yield on depositional sites was about 50 per cent more than that on side‐slope position. Corn plants on the side‐slope positions exhibited symptoms of nutrient deficiency, and the ear leaves contained significantly lower concentrations of P and Mg and higher concentrations of Mn and K than those grown on depositional sites. Corn grain yield in experiment 2 was positively correlated with the TSD. Soil in the depositional site contained significantly more sand and silt and less clay than that on the side‐slope position. There were also differences in soil properties among erosional phases. The soil organic carbon (SOC) content was 19\7 g kg⁻¹ in slightly eroded compared with 15\1 g kg⁻¹ in severely eroded sites. Aggregate stability and the mean weight diameter (MWD) were also significantly more in slightly eroded than severely eroded soils. Adverse effects of severe erosion on soil quality were related to reduction in soil water retention, and decrease in soil concentration of N and P, and increase in those of K, Ca and Mg. Severe erosion increased leaf nutrient contents of K, Mn and Fe and decreased those of Ca and Mg. Corn grain yield was positively correlated with aggregation, silt and soil N contents. It was also negatively correlated with leaf content of Fe. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

~(137)Cs示踪采煤沉陷坡土壤侵蚀及其对土壤养分的影响

为更好地理解矿区土壤退化机理,该文利用137Cs技术研究了焦作矿区具有15a沉陷历史的采煤沉陷坡土壤侵蚀特征及其对土壤养分的影响。沉陷坡137Cs含量从坡顶到下坡逐渐降低,及至坡脚急剧增大且表现出最高的值。基于137Cs本底(1 645 Bq/m2),沉陷坡坡顶至下坡表现为土壤侵蚀,而坡脚为土壤沉积。沉陷坡土壤侵蚀高达3.75 kg/(m2·a),属于中度侵蚀。沉陷坡土壤黏粒含量沿下坡方向增加,表明水蚀的分选性搬运。与对照区相比,沉陷坡侵蚀区土壤总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)、水溶性有机碳(water-soluble organic carbon,WSOC)、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷含量均出现了显著降低(P0.05);沉积区除WSOC显著降低(P0.05)外,其他养分含量变化不明显(P0.05)。在沉陷坡的侵蚀区,TOC与WSOC含量沿下坡方向逐渐减小,表现出与137Cs一致的分布格局;其他养分含量的坡面变化与137Cs分布不一致。相较于对照区,WSOC/TOC与碳氮比、碳磷比在沉陷坡侵蚀强烈的坡位分别出现了显著增大与降低(P0.05)。研究结果表明:1)焦作矿区自采煤沉陷坡形成以来发生了较严重的水蚀;2)侵蚀引起的土壤再分配影响沉陷坡土壤碳、氮、磷动态,其中,土壤再分配对土壤碳动态的影响最强;3)在土壤侵蚀作用下,采煤沉陷坡侵蚀强烈的坡位土壤有效态碳、氮、磷养分潜在的侵蚀风险大。采煤沉陷坡土壤侵蚀及其对土壤养分的不利影响应引起矿粮复合区土地整治的关注。     

Multi‐scale analysis of soil erosion dynamics in Kwazulu‐Natal,South Africa

For a case study area in the Okhombe catchment in the province of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, a multi‐scale analysis of soil erosion dynamics was performed. At sub‐catchment level, the dynamics of erosional features were investigated by means of aerial photographs. At site level, the changes in soil physical and chemical properties were investigated by means of a fence‐line contrast study. Attention was paid to both surface and subsurface erosion phenomena. The number of erosional features in the study area in 2000 was not substantially different from the number of features in 1945. At sub‐catchment level, an increase in the number of gullies was observed from 1975 to 2000 but this followed a substantial inactivation of most erosional features from 1962 to 1975. Increases in erosional activity in 1962 compared to 1945 were mainly related to abandoned cultivated fields. At site level, a significant decrease in soil C/N ratio was observed within the fenced site within three years. For the same site, total carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density were not significantly different for the topsoil inside the fenced area compared with outside. Subsurface erosion phenomena mainly occur in the communal grazing areas and are mostly related to transitions between permeable and less permeable layers. The complex relationships between soil erosion, land use change and climate might further be understood by involving local people in the development, monitoring and evaluation of alternative types of land use, which is also likely to facilitate future steps in controlled grazing management. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatial patterns and effects of soil organic carbon on grain productivity assessment in China

In this paper, we present an assessment of the content and effects of cropland soil organic carbon (SOC) on grain productivity at the national scale in China using a Web‐based Land Evaluation System. Homogeneous 5 km × 5 km grid data sets of climate, crop, soil and management parameters were created and grain production in 2005 was simulated. Attempts were made to incorporate SOC into the land evaluation procedure and to quantify the potential effects of SOC deficiency on grain productivity. Results were statistically analysed and the modelling approach was validated. National cropland SOC maps were generated. At the national scale, the cropland SOC content averaged 1.20, 0.58, 0.41, 0.31 and 0.26% for the five 20‐cm sections consecutively from the surface downwards. At the regional scale it tended to decline slightly from northeast (1.63%) to southwest (1.11%). On average, 64% of grain yield was lost due to SOC deficiency for the humid provinces and 7% for the arid and sub‐arid ones. Soil management options are suggested based on the simulation results.     

Loss of yield caused by soil erosion on sandy soils in the UK

Abstract. Soil productivity, the intrinsic ability of land to yield useful products, can be affected by soil erosion. While much research has been carried out on the processes, there is as yet little information on the impact of soil erosion on in situ productivity of agricultural land in the British Isles. This paper reports the results of a de-surfacing experiment on deep sandy soils in East Anglia. Grain yields of fertilized barley planted immediately after de-surfacing were at least 15 and 45% less on 15 and 25 cm de-surfaced plots than on non-desurfaced soils. There was strong evidence pointing to an acceleration of soil erosion itself on the de-surfaced plots. Both the amount of water stored in the topsoil and water use by the crop decreased with increasing severity of simulated erosion. We observed a drop in organic matter and readily available nitrogen with erosion. Nitrogen mineralization and leaching losses were also affected by simulated soil erosion. The experiment showed that sudden severe erosion may induce substantial barley production losses on deep sandy soils. The size and effect of de-surfacing depends on a number of factors such as soil depth, subsoil type, precipitation and crop type.     

土壤侵蚀对坡耕地耕层质量退化作用及其评价趋势展望

土壤侵蚀是导致坡耕地耕层质量退化和土壤生产力不稳定的关键驱动因素。该文从水蚀区坡耕地侵蚀控制和生产功能角度,在解析地块尺度土壤侵蚀、水土保持、农业活动对坡耕地耕层生态过程作用特征的基础上,系统分析了土壤侵蚀对坡耕地耕层质量退化作用、影响效应及作用途径。认为:1)坡耕地耕层质量变化由降雨侵蚀、耕作活动交互作用的生态过程决定,2种作用的时间、空间尺度不同;耕层土壤参数在坡耕地农业生产中作用分为保水、保土、保肥和增产潜力,由地块尺度农作物-耕层耦合效应决定土壤生产能力、坡耕地水土流失特征及耕层侵蚀性退化方向及程度。2)土壤侵蚀对坡耕地耕层质量退化作用表现为土壤性质恶化、土壤质量劣化、土地生产力衰退3个方面,耕层土壤物理性质变异程度大于化学性质变异,径流作用导致的土地生产力衰退大于土壤流失作用。3)坡耕地耕层质量评价指标体系应兼顾侵蚀下降、产量提升2个目标,地块尺度诊断指标有效土层厚度、耕层厚度、土壤容重、土壤抗剪强度、土壤有机质、土壤渗透性可作为合理耕层评价最小数据集;坡耕地合理耕层适宜性分为5级,其诊断指标分级标准宜与土壤侵蚀分级和耕地地力分级衔接。4)坡耕地合理耕层评价未来应密切关注耕层质量诊断指标最小数据集、坡耕地合理耕层阈值/适宜值分级标准、坡耕地水土流失阻控标准拟定3个主要方向。研究可为深入认识坡耕地侵蚀性退化机制,辨识坡耕地合理耕层调控途径以及坡耕地合理耕层构建技术参数提供依据。     

Effect of tillage,cropping, and mulching pattern on crop yield,soil C and N accumulation,and carbon footprint in a desert oasis farmland

The desert oasis is one of the major grain production areas in arid land, and many intensive farming practices have been adopted to improve the land utilization in the agriculture system. However, there remains little consensus on how to improve such farming practices for increasing both productivity and environment benefits in this system. A 4-year experiment was conducted in a typical desert oasis farmland to determine the effects of the farming practices on crop yield, soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) accumulation, and carbon footprint (CF). The farming practices included two tillage patterns: conventional (CT) and reduced tillage (RT), two cropping patterns: continuous (Con) and rotation cropping (Rot), and two mulching pattern: film (F) and straw mulching (S) with eight combined treatments. The RT did not significant decrease crop yield but increase soil C and N accumulation rate by 59% and 130%, and thus decrease CF for crop production compared with the CT. S can also improve soil C and N accumulation, and cause low CF for crop production, but leading to 14–41% decrease in maize yield compared with F. Rot result in a 14% increase on maize yield also has extra benefit to decrease CF for crop production, but no significant effect on soil C and N accumulation compared with Con. Our study adds a reasonable perspective on how to improve the conventional farming systems in desert oasis, the information about RT, straw mulching, and maize–soybean rotation have positive effect on improving soil quality and decreasing CF for crop production in this desert soil area is critical to develop the sustainable agriculture system in this desert oasis farmland, which both maintaining crop productivity and minimizing negative environmental impacts.     

A mass balance approach to assess carbon dioxide evolution during erosional events

The accelerated greenhouse effect and the degradation of land resources by water and wind erosion are two major, yet interrelated global environmental challenges. Accelerated decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) in cultivated soils results in decline in SOC stocks over time and also contributes to increased levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere. Off‐site transport of SOC in runoff waters during erosional events also contributes to SOC depletion, but there is a paucity of data in the literature documenting erosional SOC losses and the fate of eroded SOC. In this paper, we present a mass balance approach to compute CO₂ evolved from mineralization of SOC during transport and deposition of eroded soils. Erosion‐induced CO₂ emission rates ranging between 6 and 52 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ were computed using data on SOC stocks and dynamics from a series of long‐term experiments conducted across a range of ecological regions. For the cropland of the world, we estimated an annual flux of 0.37 Pg CO₂‐C to the atmosphere due to water erosion. This flux is significant and suggests that water erosion must be taken into consideration when constructing global and regional C budgets. Through its contribution to atmospheric CO₂ increase, water erosion can have a positive feedback on the accelerated greenhouse effect. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

增施有机肥料对促进黄土高原农业可持续发展的作用

农耕地增施有机肥料能够改良土壤,培肥地力,促进植株生长,增加作物产量,显著改善农产品品质,提高农业生产的经济效益.同时,可增加土壤团粒结构,改善长期使用化学肥料所形成的土壤板结,增加土壤降雨入渗强度,减少地面径流量,减轻农耕地水土流失量.土壤中氮和农药等有害物质的流失是以水土流失为载体,进入江河、湖泊、水库等水源地,加大了这些水源地的污染,所以减轻了土壤水土流失量,就能够很好控制农耕地有害物质的流失,减轻江河、湖泊、水库等水源地的泥沙淤积和水质污染.因此科学使用有机肥料,可减少水土流失,减轻环境污染,改善农产品品质,又可减少化学肥料农药的投入,对促进山区农业持续发展和河流生态修复将起到积极的作用.     

不同生态脆弱区土壤侵蚀对土地生产力影响对比研究

通过外业调查、实验测试、大田模拟试验等方法,在土壤侵蚀特征分析基础上,对黄土丘陵和金沙江干热河谷2个生态脆弱区由于土壤侵蚀导致的坡耕地土地生产力衰退进行了对比研究。结果显示,不同生态脆弱区无任何水土保持措施的坡耕地土壤侵蚀,在导致可耕作土层变薄的同时,都造成了不同程度的土壤物理性能和人渗能力下降,土壤养分流失以及土地生物生产能力的衰退。相同强度土壤侵蚀对坡耕地土地生产力的影响,干热河谷区大于黄土丘陵区,是黄土丘陵区的2．1～2．9倍。     

东北黑土区土壤侵蚀研究进展与展望

东北黑土区是我国重要的商品粮生产基地,强烈水土流失导致的黑土厚度下降及土壤质量退化,直接威胁国家粮食安全。系统分析黑土区土壤侵蚀研究成果,对阻控黑土退化、维持土地生产力、保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义,论述了黑土区土壤侵蚀环境与侵蚀环境效应、土壤侵蚀过程与机理、土壤侵蚀时空变化和未来研究展望。多营力复合、缓坡长坡是黑土区独特的侵蚀环境,黑土厚度下降与坡耕地土壤质量退化是该区最典型的侵蚀环境效应。细沟间、细沟、浅沟、切沟及冻融侵蚀发育的动力机制与主控因素差异明显,输沙耗能驱动的泥沙输移对土壤分离的反馈效应是侵蚀强度沿坡长呈强弱交替的根本原因,浅沟和切沟主要发育在坡耕地,侵蚀强度受耕作方式等人类活动的显著影响。冻融侵蚀强度显著小于水力侵蚀,但可通过降低土壤抗蚀性能和促进坡面径流及壤中流发育影响水力侵蚀。土壤侵蚀类型与强度在小流域尺度上沿坡面呈明显的垂直分带特征,在区域尺度上呈南北与东西递变的纬度和经度地带性。全球气候变化可能导致黑土区水力侵蚀加强、冻融侵蚀减弱。未来亟需加强黑土厚度及土地生产力对侵蚀响应机理、复合侵蚀动力过程与耦合机制、典型侵蚀类型时空变化与主控因素等方面的研究。     

农用地整理对碳储量和粮食产能的影响

农用地整理对区域生态系统的空间格局和功能产生的影响需要持续不断的予以关注和调节。该文以福建省建溪流域为例,采用碳储量多源模型和耕地生产潜力模型估算了建溪流域的碳储量和粮食产能,分析了区域尺度农用地整理对碳储量和粮食产能的影响。研究表明:与2010年相比,2016年碳存储总量降低了38.28×10~6 t,为369.29×10~6 t;整理区以1.41%的土地贡献了整个建溪流域1.70%的碳储量减少量,农用地整理对建溪流域生态系统的固碳服务有负作用;2016年建溪流域的粮食产能提高了10.83×10~4t,为124.46×10~4t;农用地整理项目区占建溪流域耕地面积的14.61%,贡献了20.87%的粮食产能提高值,有效提高了建溪流域耕地的粮食产能。农用地整理所产生的碳效应不容忽视,在农用地整理中需要注重生态措施的运用。     

乡镇尺度耕地生产能力实现程度分析与实证

该文从耕地单产实现程度、播种面积实现程度和耕地总产实现程度3个方面来表征耕地生产能力实现程度的计算方法。区域尺度上的小麦、玉米可实现单产是采用前沿生产函数、区试产量和近5 a高产水平等多种方法进行确定,地块尺度的小麦和玉米的可实现单产依据农业生态区法（agricultural ecological zone,AEZ）进行修正得到。乡镇尺度上的小麦和玉米的可实现单产分别采用尺度下移和尺度上移的方法将地块尺度的小麦玉米可实现单产转化为乡镇尺度的可实现单产。应用此核算方法对北京市大兴区1982、2000和2006年3个时期的乡镇尺度耕地生产能力实现程度的分析结果表明：大兴区区域尺度的耕地生产能力实现程度实现程度在1982年出现最高值,并在1983-1998年的较长时期呈现小幅摆动但基本保持在35%～45%之间,而在1998年以后则呈现大幅下降的趋势,并在2004年以后出现一定幅度上升;大兴区乡镇尺度1982年实现程度最高;与1982年相比,2000年所有乡镇都大幅降低,2006年比2000年有所增加,但仍低于1982年;乡镇尺度耕地生产能力实现程度存在显著的空间分异;大兴区区域尺度耕地生产能力实现程度与乡镇尺度耕地生产能力实现程度变化规律基本一致。该文构建的乡镇尺度耕地生产能力实现程度的分析方法为从宏观尺度研究耕地生产能力差异化提供了借鉴。     

Farmland degradation in the mountains of Nepal: a study of watersheds ‘with’ and ‘without’ external intervention

Amidst growing concerns about farmlands conservation, this paper examines the status of farmlands in two mountain watersheds ‘with’ and ‘without’ external intervention, located in the western hills of Nepal. Information was obtained from a household survey and group discussions conducted during April to September 1999. The severity of soil erosion from farmers' perspectives, density of landslides, soil nutrient balance and change in crop yield have been adopted as indicators of the status of the land. Results of the analysis indicate that land resources in both watersheds are undergoing degradation, though the causes and extent of degradation vary from one type of land to another. Upland crop terraces, locally called bari, are undergoing degradation most seriously under the combined influence of severe soil erosion, landslide and the depletion of soil nutrients. In particular, soil erosion has severely affected nearly half of the upland crop terraces in both watersheds due to a number of natural and anthropogenic factors ranging from weak geological structure to arable agriculture. Landslide and nutrient depletion have affected all types of farmlands except homesteads in both watersheds. Overall, the extent and intensity of land degradation is relatively high in the non‐project area, as farmers were not provided with necessary technical and financial support. A broad strategy has been outlined for effective conservation of farmlands. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Crop production in the tropics: A review

Intensive land use and concomitant land degradation are strongly undermining the sustainability of current crop production systems in the tropics. Thus, finding alternative cropping strategies to overcome soil and environmental stresses is an integral part of the ongoing process of maintaining and improving crop productivity. In this paper, major features of crops and crop production systems were reviewed. Production systems such as pastures, perennial crops, and agroforestry were found to be highly effective in promoting high and stable crop productivity, restoring and/or enhancing soil fertility, and minimizing erosion risk.     

Climate change impacts on soil erosion in Midwest United States with changes in crop management

This study investigates potential changes in erosion rates in the Midwestern United States under climate change, including the adaptation of crop management to climate change. Previous studies of erosion under climate change have not taken into account farmer choices of crop rotations or planting dates, which will adjust to compensate for climate change. In this study, changes in management were assigned based on previous studies of crop yield, optimal planting date, and most profitable rotations under climate change in the Midwestern United States. Those studies predicted future shifts from maize and wheat to soybeans based on price and yield advantages to soybeans. In the results of our simulations, for 10 of 11 regions of the study area runoff increased from + 10% to + 310%, and soil loss increased from + 33% to + 274%, in 2040–2059 relative to 1990–1999. Soil loss changes were more variable compared to studies that did not take into account changes in management. Increased precipitation and decreasing cover from temperature-stressed maize were important factors in the results. The soil erosion model appeared to underestimate the impact of change in crop type, particularly to soybeans, meaning that erosion increases could be even higher than simulated. This research shows that future crop management changes due to climate and economics can affect the magnitude of erosional impacts beyond that which would be predicted from direct climate change alone. Prediction of future soil erosion can help in the management of valuable cropland and suggest the need for continually changing soil conservation strategies.     

Global assessment of land vulnerability to water erosion on a ½° by ½° grid

A simple methodology is presented for assessing the risk of water erosion at the global level. It uses a ½° latitude by ½° longitude soil database, developed at ISRIC, and auxiliary databases on climate and land cover with a similar spatial resolution. Area estimates are presented for (1) susceptible areas, as determined by rainfall erosivity, topography and soil erodibility, and (2) vulnerable areas as further determined by the pressure of current land use. Model output for vulnerability is evaluated against observed data on severity of soil degradation by water as presented on the map of human-induced soil degradation (GLASOD). Cross-tabulation of the vulnerability and GLASOD subsets gave a significant Cramer's correlation coefficient of 0·72 (P ≪ 0·005). Thus a fair geographic agreement was observed between the grid cells considered vulnerable to water erosion, under current conditions of land cover, and regions in which water erosion occurs currently. The qualitative model can serve to raise awareness on issues of soil degradation by water at the global level by identifying regions at risk, where more detailed studies are needed. However, it does not provide any information on the actual rate of erosion at the field scale, nor on the associated decrease in crop productivity and biodiversity. The study of productivity changes associated with water erosion, at different scales, is currently an important topic on ISRIC's research agenda.     

辽南土石质山区坡耕地水土流失试验研究

应用人工模拟降雨方法对辽南土石质山区坡耕地水土流失进行试验研究 ,试验按四因子二水平一次回归正交设计 ,试验因子选择降雨侵蚀力 (R)、地面坡度 (S)、雨前土壤含水量 (W)和作物盖度 (C)。研究结果表明 ,四因子对坡耕地径流量影响大小依次是R、W、S、C ,对土壤冲刷量影响大小依次是R、W、C、S。依据试验结果建立了坡耕地水土流失数学模型 ,此模型可在坡耕地水土流失定量评价及预测中应用。     

农田土壤固碳与增产协同效应研究进展

农田土壤固碳是提升土壤肥力、保障和实现农田持续稳定生产能力的关键所在。明确农田土壤固碳与作物增产的协同效应可为不同区域土壤培肥、维持和提升作物产量提供依据。农田土壤固碳明显受到气候、土壤属性、管理措施 (尤其是施肥和耕作)、轮作制度等因素的影响，且与农田作物产量密切相关，二者具有明显的协同效应。农田土壤有机碳与作物增产协同效应存在一定的阈值，且该阈值具有一定的区域差异。东北地区土壤有机碳阈值约为C 44～46 t/hm2，西北和华北地区约为C 22～28 t/hm2，南方地区约为C 33～37 t/hm2。经验方程和模型模拟结果表明，在不同区域，农田土壤每固定C 1.0 t/(hm2·a)有机碳，粮食作物产量可平均提升约0.7 t/hm2，但该响应值在各地区明显受到相应的环境及农田管理措施等因素的影响。深入理解农田固碳过程及其与作物生产力协同作用的机理，是指导不同区域合理培肥、提高土壤肥力、提高养分资源利用效率的关键举措。未来的研究方向和重点是明确不同区域农田土壤可实现的固碳潜力，进一步揭示集约化种植下农田土壤有机碳的固存机制，关注深层土壤有机碳固定对作物增产潜力的影响及贡献，并深入分析表征环境、人为因素等对农田土壤固碳增产协同效应的影响机制及调控原理。