七子花花粉萌发的研究

设置8种不同的培养基进行七子花花粉萌发的研究.结果表明,不同培养基中七子花的花粉萌发率、花粉管破损率和花粉净萌发率有较大的差异.硼酸对七子花花粉萌发有明显的促进作用,但也会增加花粉管的破损率.以0.5mg/L 2,4-D、10%蔗糖、0.5%琼脂作为培养基,七子花花粉萌发率最高,达84.90%;以10mg/L H3BO3、0.5mg/LNAA、10%蔗糖、0.5%琼脂作为培养基,七子花花粉的净萌发率最高,达53.25%.硼酸与NAA或Ca(NO3)2配合使用,有利于七子花的花粉萌发和花粉管的发育.     

6个蓝莓品种花粉特性和花粉育性的比较

为了探究湖南蓝莓引种区不同品种的花器形体特征及花粉生活力,从而为南方地区蓝莓引种栽培和授粉树的配置提供参考依据,采用纤维素酶溶解法、联苯胺染色法和离体培养等技术,对‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’等6个蓝莓品种的花粉特性、花粉量、花粉生活力、花粉萌发率等进行了比较研究。测定结果表明:1蓝莓花粉量在各品种间存在差异,‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’的花粉数依次为162、250、178、166、141、170粒/花药,其中‘布里吉塔’的花粉数量最多,‘夏普蓝’次之,‘粉蓝’最少;2蓝莓花粉生活力在各品种中存在差异,‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’的花粉生活力依次为30.87%、26.79%、31.34%、23.83%,18.80%、24.83%,其中‘夏普蓝’的花粉活力最大,‘莱格西’次之,‘粉蓝’最小;3 6个蓝莓品种花粉萌发所需的最适蔗糖浓度不尽相同,‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘密斯梯’在蔗糖浓度为10%时其花粉萌发率均最高,依次为25.60%、9.10%、27.20%;当蔗糖浓度为15%时,‘夏普蓝’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’3个蓝莓品种的萌发率均达到最高值,依次为26.20%、21.20%、61.40%;4 6个蓝莓品种中,‘夏普蓝’花粉萌发所需的最适硼酸浓度为300μg·L-1,而其他5个品种花粉萌发的最佳硼酸浓度均为200μg·L-1;5 6个蓝莓品种花粉萌发所需的最适培养温度均为25℃。研究结果表明:6个蓝莓品种中,‘莱格西’和‘夏普蓝’均较适合用作授粉植株,其花粉量和花粉萌发率均较高。     

不同核桃品种花粉生活力的比较研究

用TTC染色法和培养基法测定了香玲、上宋、中林1号、岱香4个核桃品种花粉生活力和萌发率。结果表明,核桃不同品种花粉生活力存在显著差异,岱香和上宋花粉生活力极显著高于香玲,显著高于中林1号;各品种花粉发芽率在同一种培养基上,以岱香最高,其次是上宋和中林1号,香玲最低;4个品种均以在低糖、高硼酸培养基中即“5%蔗糖 0.5%硼酸”上花粉发芽率最高,显著或极显著高于其他培养基上的发芽率;在“10%蔗糖 0.5%硼酸”和“15%蔗糖 0.5%硼酸”培养基上花粉发芽率均为0。     

Pollen dispersal in a hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) seed orchard detected using a chloroplast DNA marker

Pollen dispersal was estimated in two test plots in a hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) seed orchard using a chloroplast DNA marker, the spacer region between thetrnD andtrnY genes, and SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism). In Plot 1, 2,020 seeds from 40 trees within 30 m of the marker tree were analyzed using the PCR-SSCP method. In Plot 2, 1,850 seeds from 37 trees were analyzed in the same manner. The results revealed that the maximum pollen dispersal distance in the two plots exceeded 25 m. Pollen dispersal appeared to be inversely proportional to the distance from the marker tree. The effective pollen dispersal was suggested to be less than about 20 m in a mature hinoki seed orchard. Adjacent trees had an excessive influence when the pollen density was increased by artificial flower stimulation. Therefore, it was suggested that seed production better resembles ideal random mating when carried out as naturally as possible. In conclusion, the SSCP chloroplast DNA marker was a useful tool for amassing basic information on pollen management in seed orchards of coniferous species.     

2个金银花品种花特征的比较

为给金银花优良品种的选育提供参考,使用解剖镜、电子显微镜、扫描电镜对‘济草堂1号’和‘九丰1号’2个金银花品种的花粉、花瓣、雌蕊、雄蕊等进行了观察和比较;通过花粉离体萌发试验测定2个不同金银花品种花粉活力,通过纤维素酶法测定2个金银花品种的花粉量。结果表明:2个金银花品种解剖结构均具明显的忍冬科植物花部特性;气孔、腺毛长度、花粉大小差异明显;‘济草堂1号’花粉量大于‘九丰1号’;花粉均在蔗糖质量分数20%、硼酸质量浓度0.03 g/L时萌发率达到最高,‘九丰1号’萌发率59.34%,‘济草堂1号’萌发率49.02%。     

6个油橄榄品种的花粉特性

为给油橄榄花而不实、坐果率低等问题的解决提供理论依据,以‘城固’‘鄂植’‘莱星’‘皮削利’‘中山’‘佛奥’这6个油橄榄品种为研究材料,对其花粉特性及花粉萌发情况进行了研究。结果表明:6个品种花粉均为长圆形,其纵横径均在150~260μm之间,‘城固’的纵径最小,‘佛奥’的横径最小;‘鄂植’‘莱星’‘中山’‘佛奥’的花粉量均在110 000个/单花左右,‘城固’与‘皮削利’的花粉量均在80 000个/单花左右;6个品种的花粉畸形率均在5%~15%之间,品种间的差异不显著;‘莱星’‘皮削利’‘鄂植’‘佛奥’的花粉生活力均在85%以上,‘莱星’‘鄂植’‘佛奥’‘中山’4个品种在采后24 h内的花粉生活力均大于60%;6个品种的花粉萌发率均在20%~50%之间。     

杉木花粉发芽试验研究

以18a生种子园采集的杉木花粉为试验对象,在花粉发芽试验中,培养基按不同的蔗糖浓度和pH值进行了9种处理,接种24～36h以后在低倍显微镜下观察。根据调查结果分析,培养基不同,花粉的发芽率高低也不一样,杉木的花粉发芽最佳培养基是蔗糖浓度为20％、pH为5．5的培养基。     

Effects of acidity and detergent on in vitro pollen germination and tube growth in forest tree species

The presence of 1 to 3 mg 1(-1) sodium dodecylbenzensulfonate detergent, or a growth medium pH of 4.0-5.0, inhibited pollen germination and pollen tube elongation more in broad-leaved trees than in conifers. In the broad-leaved species, pollen germination and pollen tube elongation showed similar sensitivities to detergent and acidity, whereas in the conifers, pollen tube elongation was more sensitive than pollen germination to detergent and acidity. Although the germination percentage was low, conifer pollen germinated in the presence of detergent concentrations up to 15 mg l(-1) and at acidities as low as pH 2.5 or 3.0. Pollen germination of most broad-leaved species was completely inhibited in the presence of detergent concentrations of more than 3-5 mg l(-1); the only exceptions were some entomophilous species (e.g., Salix caprea L.) in which the ability of the pollen to germinate in high pollutant concentrations could be related to the presence of tryphyne.     

柚木花粉离体萌发试验

柚木(Tectona grandis L.f.)是世界名贵的用材树种,天然分布于印度、缅甸、泰国和老挝[1],具有生长快、用途广、纹理美观和价格昂贵的特点,已在热带、南亚热带地区广为引种,是世界上人工林种植面积最大的4个树种之一,也是单位面积产值最高的一个造林树种[2-3]。我国引种柚木已有170多年的     

Reduced fertilization capacity of SO2-fumigated Picea omorika-pollen

Dry pollen of Picea omorika was fumigated with 820 μg/m³ SO₂ for 3 , 4 , or 5 days. Few or no adverse effects occurred during subsequent in vitro germination: germination percentage was not affected at all, and reduction of the pollen tube length was only 10% in pollen exposed for 5 days. Nevertheless pollination with fumigated pollen resulted in reduced seed production. 41% fewer seeds per cone were produced, and only 33% were filled seeds, compared to 70% filled seeds of the control. Seed-weight was reduced from 3.6 g per thousand in the control to 3.0 g per thousand, when cones were pollinated with pollen fumigated for 5 days. Similar but less striking effects were found with pollen fumigated for 3 or 4 days.     

香水莲花花粉的采集、干燥和贮藏特性研究

【目的】研究香水莲花Nymphaea hybrid花粉活力和贮藏特性,以期为香水莲花有性繁殖和杂交育种的生产实践提供理论基础和技术指导。【方法】以黄、粉、紫3种不同花色的香水莲花品系为试材,采用花粉离体萌发培养基法测定不同开花天数(开花1、2、3、4、5 d)的香水莲花花粉活力、同一天不同时间段的香水莲花花粉活力、3个不同品系的香水莲花花粉活力、不同干燥方法(室内通风自然干燥、烘箱干燥和硅胶干燥)的香水莲花花粉活力及不同贮藏条件(室温、4、-20、-80℃)下贮藏不同时间(5、10、30、50、70、90、120、180 d)的香水莲花花粉活力。【结果】1)3种花色香水莲花的花粉活力均随开花时间呈现先升高后降低的变化规律,开花2 d的花粉活力最高;2)在一天7:30-17:30中,9:30-11:30的花粉活力较强;3)3个香水莲花品系间花粉活力存在差异,其中‘黄花型’香水莲花的花粉活力(60.61%)最高,‘紫花型’香水莲花的花粉活力(48.15%)最低;4)硅胶干燥法是香水莲花花粉干燥的最佳方式;5)4℃适于香水莲花花粉的短期贮藏,-20℃和-80℃适于香水莲花花粉的长期贮藏。【结论】在香水莲花开花2 d的9:30-11:30采集花粉,采用硅胶干燥法干燥后短期贮藏于4℃,长期贮藏于-20℃或-80℃条件下,可有效延长香水莲花花粉的寿命。     

Boron influences pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Picea meyeri

To study the role of boron in pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Picea meyeri Rehd. et Wils., pollen grains were cultured in standard medium or boron-deficient medium. Effects of boron on the localization of pectins and callose in the walls of pollen tubes were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy after staining with aniline blue or immunolabeling with antibodies JIM5 and JIM7. Changes in the structures of pectins and phenolics were investigated by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. Pollen germination in boron-deficient medium ranged from 18 to 24%, whereas pollen germination in standard medium reached 61%. Callose accumulated in the tip-regions of pollen tubes cultured in boron-deficient medium, but not in standard medium. Immunolabeling with antibody JIM5 revealed that acidic pectin preferentially accumulated in the tip regions of pollen tubes cultured in boron-deficient medium, whereas acidic pectin was weakly distributed along the entire lengths of pollen tubes cultured in standard medium. Esterified pectin, detected by immunolabeling with antibody JIM7, showed a similar distribution pattern in pollen tubes in both the boron-deficient and standard treatments. The FTIR spectra indicated slight increases in contents of phenolics and carboxylic acids and a substantial decrease in the content of saturated esters in boron-deficient pollen tubes compared with normal pollen tubes. The FTIR spectra confirmed that boron deficiency enhanced acidic pectin accumulation in pollen tubes, which may be associated with the increased content of carboxylic acid. We conclude that boron has a regulatory role in pollen germination and pollen tube growth.     

黄牡丹花粉生活力测定方法的比较研究

以黄牡丹的新鲜花粉为试材,利用单因子试验比较了液体培养基中蔗糖浓度、硼、钙、镁、钾对黄牡丹花粉萌发的影响,在此基础上进行了正交试验,比较了蔗糖、H₃BO₃及CaCl₂对黄牡丹花粉萌发的影响;通过对醋酸洋红染色法、I-KI染色法和TTC染色法的比较,寻找快速测定黄牡丹花粉生活力的方法。试验结果表明:蔗糖及H₃BO₃对黄牡丹花粉萌发有极显著影响。在pH值为6.0时,蔗糖150 g·L^-1+H₃BO₃30 mg·L^-1+CaCl₂20 mg·L^-1适宜黄牡丹花粉培养,萌发率为68.7%;纯水培养没有造成花粉原生质体破裂,内含物外流,但萌发率极低,仅为3%;200 g·L^-1以上的高浓度蔗糖溶液和300 mg·L^-1以上的高浓度盐溶液会造成原生质体失水萎缩,质壁分离,这两种情况都抑制花粉萌发;TTC染色法测得的花粉活力率为64.9%,是快速测定黄牡丹花粉生活力的最适染色法。     

柳树花粉生活力分析

花粉生活力是植物杂交育种成败的现柳树种间、杂种间及亲本与杂种之间的花粉生活力差异较大.用花粉生活力较高的绵毛柳P716做花粉贮藏实验,结果表明花粉生活力与贮藏时间呈负相关,低温干燥对花粉贮藏是有利的.     

Mating patterns in an indoor miniature <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis> seed orchard as revealed by microsatellite markers

To evaluate the practical application of an indoor seed orchard, we compared the seed production, final germination rates and mating patterns of potted Cryptomeria japonica D. Don clones in two miniature seed orchards: one in a glasshouse and the other outdoors. There was no statistically significant difference in total seed production between the orchards (P = 0.275, ANOVA). However, the final germination rate of seeds produced in the indoor orchard was significantly lower than that of seeds produced in the outdoor orchard (P < 0.01, Wilcoxon test). The average self-fertilization rate was higher in the indoor orchard (27.2%) than in the outdoor orchard (5.6%), and this parameter was strongly associated with the reduced final germination rates of the seeds harvested in the glasshouse. Pollen contamination was considerably lower in the indoor seed orchard (48.9% in the outdoor seed orchard and 4.4% in the indoor seed orchard). χ² tests indicated that the paternal contributions of each constituent clone differed significantly in both orchards (P < 0.001 in both cases). The strong variations in paternal contributions among indoor orchard clones was significantly correlated with their respective pollen production capacities (Spearman ρ = 0.693, P < 0.001). To reduce the high self-fertilization rates, we recommend the use of orchard clones with similar pollen production capacity in indoor seed orchards.     

板栗不同品种花粉育性研究

对19个板栗品种的花粉育性的两个方面(花粉萌发率、花粉管生长特性)进行了测定 分析,发现板栗花粉的萌发率一般高于65%,以70%～90%区域内分布为最多,高于90%和低 于70%的品种较少。花粉管生长在花粉萌动后的20min中伸长最快,而后逐渐趋于平稳。一 定浓度的蔗糖溶液有助于花粉管的生长,10%、20%蔗糖浓度均能显著提高花粉管伸长速度。     

毛叶枣不同品种花粉生活力和贮藏方法研究

采用TTC染色法对毛叶枣11个品种的花粉生活力进行了测定.结果表明,不同品种花粉生活力存在差异,‘高朗1号＇花粉生活力明显高于其他品种;分别采用常温、常温干燥、低温、低温干燥、冷冻和冷冻干燥6种贮藏方法,对‘高朗1号＇和‘蜜枣＇两个品种的花粉贮藏方法进行了研究,发现不同方法对两个品种毛叶枣花粉的贮藏效果不同,低温干燥对于保存花粉生活力的效果最好.     

Seed production of western larch in seed-tree systems in the southern interior of British Columbia

A series of surveys and experiments were conducted on four sites to identify constraints to seed production and natural regeneration in western larch seed-tree systems in the southwestern interior of British Columbia, Canada. These surveys included pollen monitoring, a cone analysis to evaluate seed production potential, seed trapping to estimate seed rain and the installation of field germination trials to assess the effects of germination substrate and seed losses due to bird and rodent predators. Pollen shedding was found to be adequate for moderate seed production with filled seed counts ranging from 9 to 30 per cone (10–34% of all seeds/cone). No significant differences in seed yields per cone and cone characteristics were observed between uncut control stands and seed-tree stands. Seed rain was generally good in 1995, ranging from 70,000 to 4.6 million seed/ha. For the four seed-tree stands, the average filled seed percentage of the trapped seeds ranged from 9–30%. Seed rain and seed quality were much reduced in 1996. Field germination trials showed western larch seeds germinated and survived best (15–70%) on mineral soil but rodent and/or bird predation reduced germination success significantly. Germination/germinant survival on undisturbed forest floor, covered with predator exclusion screens, was intermediate.     

杜鹃红山茶2n花粉自然发生及其诱导初步研究

初步观测了杜鹃红山茶的2n花粉自然发生情况,证实杜鹃红山茶有未减数花粉的存在,其自然发生比例为0 ～1.81％.有效诱导花芽大小筛选结果表明,花芽纵轴为18 ～ 25 mm时均可起到诱导作用,较为有效的诱导时期为花芽纵轴在22～23 mm之间;最优的2n花粉诱导处理方式为0.5％秋水仙素+2％DMSO棉浸2d、0.1％...     

楸树、灰楸花粉离体萌发特性及其保存方法

以灰楸、楸树花粉为试材,在固体培养基上离体培养,研究花粉萌发的最适温度、适温下的最佳培养时间及外源钙离子浓度对花粉萌发的影响。结果表明,30～35℃是灰楸花粉发芽的最适温度,25～35℃是楸树花粉发芽的最适温度;2种楸树花粉的最佳培养时间均为3h。外源钙离子能促进楸树、灰楸花粉的萌发,灰楸花粉以1.36～2.04 mmol／L CaCl2·2H2 O作用最为显著,楸树花粉以3.4 mmol／L CaCl2·2H2 O作用最为显著。贮藏条件对花粉的贮藏时间起决定作用。其中在常温常湿条件下,灰楸、楸树的花粉贮藏10天时完全失活;在－20℃、－80℃冷冻条件下灰楸、楸树花粉的活力分别可保持120天、90天以上。表明灰楸、楸树花粉适宜的贮藏条件依次为－20℃、－80℃冷冻。此研究可为楸树、灰楸生产上的花粉贮藏和人工授粉提供参考依据。