Chongqing''s Preferential Policies for Investment in Housing Industrialisation

This article introduces the preferential policies for foreign investment in Chongqing and analyses and compares such policies .Then it puts forward suggestions based on the characters of industrialized housing so as to promote the industrialized housing in Chongqing.     

Urban Concentration and Poverty in Developing Countries

We investigate the impacts of urban concentration (share of the population living in large cities) on poverty in developing countries. We use instrumental variables to estimate a system linking urban concentration, growth and urban and rural poverty. The results show that the importance of the population living in (small) cities (less than 0.5 million inhabitants) or very large cities (beyond 5 million inhabitants) has no impact on poverty. The importance of cities of 1 to 5 million inhabitants is poverty reducing. We conclude that developing countries with a large share of the population living in very big cities could reduce poverty by deconcentrating their urbanization toward cities of between 1 and 5 million inhabitants.     

Financial Policy and Efficiency of Resource Utilization in Developing Countries

This study examines the effects of selected policies on economic efficiency in 81 developing countries by pooling cross-country data over various subperids between 1961–90. An incremental output-capital ratio is the measure of economic efficiency, while the policy variables include: export orientation, size of the public sector, directed credit program through development bank lendings, financial depth (computed as the ratio of the flow of real value of monetary liabilities to real GDP), inflation rate, real interest rate, and real exchange rate distortion. The export-orientation, financial depth, and real interest rate are found to promote economic efficiency, while other policy variables are found to hinder it.     

Revisiting Inequality and Growth: Evidence for Developing Countries

This article studies the relationship between economic growth and income inequality using panel data for a sample of Latin American countries in the period 1960–2000. Different estimation techniques and specifications are tested. Results indicate that the level of inequality has had a different effect on growth in the region, depending on the level of gross domestic product per capita. Even within a sample of developing countries, the effect of inequality on growth is negative for poorer countries, whereas for richer ones higher inequality may favour economic growth. Overall, our results are not robust to different specification techniques, and coefficients are in some cases only weakly significant, underlying the difficulties in finding a strong and robust relationship between income inequality and economic growth.     

Local Nonlinear Forecasting of Short-term Power Load Forecasting

The nearest points in phase space are determined by Euclid distance in chaotic local prediction. The prediction accuracy depends on quality of the nearest points. But the shortest distance does not imply better forecasting effect. While false nearest neighboring point or high embedding dimensions appear evolvement track of some nearest neighboring point should be apart from prediction point. Because it is difficult for Euclid distance to reflect the correlation degree between the nearest points and prediction point. So the idea of combining Euclid distance with correlation degree is put forward. The method is applied to short-term electrical load forecasting. The result of load series forecasting by the presented method is more effective to improve prediction accuracy.     

Advances in Peanut Breeding in Foreign Countries

近些年来,传统花生育种方法已经不能满足人们日益增长的要求,飞速发展的生物技术越来越广泛地应用在选育花生优质新品种中。总结了近些年来国际上应用分子标记、种间杂交、转基因技术等方法在选育花生抗病虫、抗旱等多抗性及优质、早熟、高产新品种等方面取得的最新进展。     

Opportunities and Challenges in Chinese Housing Industry

This article studies the opportunities and challenges in housing industry in China and proposes its development tendency.     

日光温室小气候要素预报模型研究

了解日光温室小气候要素变化规律,建立小气候要素预报模型,可以对日光温室资源合理开发,为日光温室小气候调控提供依据。应用辽宁省沈阳市东陵区日光温室暖棚内农田小气候观测仪采集的逐小时气温、相对湿度数据,将冬季、春季、秋季和晴天、多云、阴天几种情况进行组合,计算棚内日最高气温、日最低气温、日平均相对湿度,分析其变化规律,并利用自动气象观测站数据,建立基于逐步回归方法的预报模型。分析结果表明,日光温室内日最高气温和日最低气温呈现春季、秋季温度值接近,冬季明显低于春秋两季的特征;而冬季日平均相对湿度高于春秋两季。日最高气温具有显著的从晴天至多云至阴天减少的变化特征,日最低气温特征不如日最高气温明显;日平均相对湿度为从晴天至多云至阴天增加的变化特征。所建立的日光温室小气候要素逐步回归预报模型,均通过了显著性检验,相关系数为0.608~0.933,相对误差范围为0.1%~19.0%,相对误差平均值为2.7%~9.9%。     

Benefit Analysis of Industrialized Housing in Chongqing

Industrialized housing is a complicated social system engineering. Substantially it will change the traditional business culture , construction technologies ,material and production,benefit .Based on the relative statistic data in Chongqing, this article analyses and values the economical ,social and environmental benefits for the industrialized housing project in Chongqing.     

Innovation and Development in Modular Industrialised Housing

The total requirement for affordable new housing in the world is extremely large, and in many countries presents major challenges to local building industries which-if they continue to use traditional building methods-will be unable to supply what is needed in terms of quantity, quality, performance or cost. In Europe, since the end of the Second World War, there have been numerous attempts to mass produce housing-mainly in order to build faster, overcome skills shortages and cut costs. The majority of those methods were based on the use of concrete and, for a variety of reasons, in the UK many of them performed badly [almost half the concrete tower blocks built in Britain the 1960s and 70s have already been demolished or are scheduled for demolition]. In the mid 1970's the Greater London Council [GLC]-already disenchanted by their experience of precast concrete building methods-experimented with volumetric/modular steel housing, and built a demonstration block of modular flats in the Borough of Hackney. The results were highly encouraging, but the programme was terminated when the GLC was closed down. However, that modular housing work attracted the attention of several large hotel chains that then used modular building techniques to construct several hundred budget price hotels in the UK. Today attitudes towards modular building methods have changed considerably, particularly among major developers. Most new hotels now incorporate pod bathrooms and large numbers of university students are being accommodated in new modular halls of residence. New material combinations and module production techniques have further increased the many advantages offered by modular construction, particularly in terms of higher acoustic performance and lower cost. The success of recent high profile modular housing projects in the UK and other EC countries bodes well for modular housing in Europe, and the PATH advanced housing technology initiative in the USA suggests modular is also poised to take off there in a big way. Modular housing could soon become a major international industry.     

Grey Markov Forecasting Model

This paper presents objectives of study of grey system and the GM(1,1)grey forecast model is introduced.A new forecasting method was introduced which combined merits of both grey GM(1,1)forecast and Markov forecast overcome their shortcomings and increased precision of forecast.Finaly, an example for application was given.     

Research on Asymmetric Information Problem in Housing Market

Housing market is not similar to other markets, it is difficult for non-professional people to know the quality of the house in a short time. So the asymmetric information situation between the purchaser and the seller exists during the exchange process. The result is that bad quality houses wash out good ones. In this paper, a detailed analysis is given to the phenomenon and some ways are put forward to avoid the appearance of this problem.     

Prospect of Chongqing Housing Market

Chongqing is the sole municipality in the west of China directly under the China central government and it is an important site for the movement of west development. This paper analyzes the present situation of Chongqing housing market and puts forward suggestions for the prospect of Chongqing housing market.     

Perspective of Chongqing Housing Development

This article states the opportunity,challenge and achievement in the urban housing development of Chongqing,predicted the housing development tendency in the 21 st century and describe the current key tasks of Chongqing construction commission.