共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
贝类中3种组织血型抗原ELISA检测方法的建立与分型 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
人类组织血型抗原(histo-blood group antigens,HBGAs)是诺如病毒(NoVs)的结合受体,本研究假设贝类中也存在类似的HBGAs并且特异性地富集NoVs,利用HBGAs单克隆抗体,建立贝类中3种HBGAs的ELISA检测方法,分析牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)、紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)、毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)、栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)等6种双壳贝类中HBGAs的类型。结果显示,在上述6种贝类中都检测出A型抗原,其中菲律宾蛤仔的检出率为11.6%(9/77),紫贻贝的检出率为28.1%(16/57),缢蛏样品为72.3%(47/65),栉孔扇贝为84.6%(58/69),其余贝类检出率为100%;只有牡蛎样品检出H抗原,检出率为30.7%(28/91);在缢蛏和毛蚶样品中检测出B型抗原,检出率分别为76.9%(50/65)和77.8(56/72)。结果表明贝类中存在不止1种类型的HBGAs。 相似文献
2.
5种滤食性贝类对牙鲆的粪便、残饵及网箱养殖区沉降物的摄食行为 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
采用室内静水法,研究了虾夷扇贝、栉孔扇贝、长牡蛎、紫贻贝及菲律宾蛤仔对不同浓度、质量的牙鲆粪便、残饵、沉降物的摄食行为,从摄食生理角度,分析了基于滤食性贝类的鱼+贝IMTA养殖模式的可能性。研究结果显示,这5种贝类对鱼粪、残饵及网箱周围沉降物都可摄食,但是,不同贝类对食物可获得性的反应不同。菲律宾蛤仔、长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝的摄食率显著高于其它2种贝类;5种贝类的吸收率、吸收效率无显著性差异。不同饵料对贝类的摄食行为影响显著。吸收效率(AE)都随有机物含量的增加而增大;对有机物的吸收率(AR)与有机物浓度(POM)呈线性正相关关系。颗粒物TPM浓度达到26.24,21.64,27.00 mg/L时,长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝、虾夷扇贝会产生假粪来调节摄入的能量。在牙鲆+滤食性贝类的IMTA养殖模式中,菲律宾蛤仔、长牡蛎、栉孔扇贝是比较好的候选种。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
贻贝等六种软体动物磷脂的比较 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对紫贻贝、栉孔扇贝、褶牡蛎、杂色哈、缢蛏、毛蚶六种贝类的磷脂作了比较研究,对它们的出肉率、总脂、中性脂、极性脂、磷脂及其组分、脂肪酸的组成做了检测分析。结果表明,六种贝类的磷脂特性有一定的差异、牡蛎中磷脂酰肌醇含量特别高。心磷脂只有牡晟和毛蚶中被检测出,毛蚶中含PEA,而无DHA。六种贝类共同特点是磷脂酰胆碱磷脂酰乙醇胺之和在70%左右。 相似文献
6.
7.
4种海洋贝类对海水中铜(Cu)的富集能力 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
为研究4种海洋贝类(泥蚶、菲律宾蛤仔、缢蛏、单齿螺)对海水中铜(Cu)的富集效应。设置Cu浓度分别为0.015、0.020、0.025、0.035、0.065和0.115 mg/L 6个试验组,采用半静水法进行泥蚶、菲律宾蛤仔、缢蛏、单齿螺对海水中Cu的富集试验,分别在0、1、3、5、10、15、20、25、30 d取出部分贝类用微波消解—原子吸收光谱法测定Cu含量。结果表明:4种贝类均对Cu表现出了一定的富集效应,单壳类对Cu的富集效应明显大于双壳类。水体中Cu浓度达到0.035 mg/L时,泥蚶和单齿螺对Cu的富集效应明显。水体中Cu浓度达到0.025 mg/L时,菲律宾蛤仔和缢蛏对Cu富集明显。贝类体内Cu含量总体上随水体中Cu含量增加而增加,但当水体中Cu浓度在某个浓度点时,贝类体内的Cu含量反而有个低点。这一低点对于泥蚶为0.025 mg/L、对于菲律宾蛤仔和单齿螺为0.035 mg/L,缢蛏并不明显。贝类体内Cu含量总体上随富集时间的增加而增加。在3~5 d时,贝类体内Cu含量明显降低,在5~10 d后Cu含量又继续增加。同时,实验还进一步探讨了贝类对重金属的富集机制,比较了不同贝类对重金的富集能力。 相似文献
8.
多棘海盘车对四种贝类摄食率和选择性的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在水温为22~24℃,盐度29.6,溶解氧6.9 mg/L,pH 8.01的条件下,研究了多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)对4种贝类栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)、贻贝(Mytilus edulis)、东方缝栖蛤(Hiatella orientalis)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)的摄食与食物选择性,以期了解多棘海盘车摄食生理生态学特性。结果表明:当只有一种贝类作为饵料时,多棘海盘车对不同贝类的摄食率差异极显著(P<0.01)。其中,对东方缝栖蛤的摄食率最大,为0.005 7~0.008 0 g干重/(h.只)(壳长为7~20 mm),其次是贻贝为0.003 5~0.004 9 g干重/(h.只)(壳长为10~21 mm),对栉孔扇贝的摄食率最小,为0.001 4~0.002 8 g干重/(h.只)(壳长为14~31 mm)。同时,多棘海盘车的摄食率还表现出一定的昼夜差异,夜间的摄食率大于白天,但差异并不显著(P>0.05)。当4种贝类同时作为饵料存在时,多棘海盘车对东方缝栖蛤的摄食率最大,为0.003 0 g干重/(h.只),其次是贻贝为0.001 7 g干重/(h.只),以摄食率评价摄食选择,多棘海盘车对于该4种贝类具有明显的选择性(P<0.05),其摄食选择性的顺序为:东方缝栖蛤,贻贝,菲律宾蛤仔,栉孔扇贝。 相似文献
9.
使用液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)检测9种天津市售主要经济贝类中13种麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish poisoning,PSP)的含量,分析PSP的污染现状和成分特征。结果显示,共计6个品种(紫贻贝、虾夷扇贝、牡蛎、毛蚶、脉红螺、菲律宾蛤仔)检出PSP。其中虾夷扇贝、紫贻贝、毛蚶3个品种的检出率较高且含量较高,检出率分别为66.7%、58.3%、58.3%。PSP中检出率较高的毒素包括N-磺酰胺甲酰基类毒素C1、C2和膝沟藻毒素GTX1、GTX2、GTX3,毒力占比主要以膝沟藻毒素GTX1-4为主,毛蚶蓄积STX毒素的能力强于其他贝类。全年的PSP含量季节变化为夏季最高,冬季最低。PSP主要存在于贝类的消化腺内,全年不同月份的PSP含量均在安全食用范围内。 相似文献
10.
以毛蚶(Arco subcrenat)、紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)、脉红螺(Rapana venosa)和四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)的软体部分为原料,经水煮法粗提牛磺酸和酶解法粗提糖胺聚糖,并比较了4种贝类中牛磺酸和糖胺聚糖的含量。结果表明,四角蛤蜊、毛蚶、脉红螺中的牛磺酸平均含量分别为2.708、3.532、3.662g/kg,以脉红螺中牛磺酸含量最为丰富;四角蛤蜊、紫贻贝、毛蚶中糖胺聚糖平均含量为8.27%、4.53%、3.87%,以四角蛤蜊的含量最高。 相似文献
11.
为评价安徽典型池养中华绒螯蟹 (Eriocheir sinensis) 体内砷 (As)污染水平和膳食风险,该研究利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 (ICP-MS) 和高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 (HPLC-ICP-MS) 分别检测了安徽8个主要养殖区共计27份中华绒螯蟹样本体内总砷及砷胆碱 (AsC)、砷甜菜碱 (AsB)、一甲基砷酸 (MMA)、二甲基砷酸 (DMA)、亚砷酸盐 (AsⅢ) 和砷酸盐 (AsⅤ) 6种砷形态水平。结果表明,总砷和6种砷形态总和质量分数范围分别为0.073~1.433 mg·kg−1和0.039~0.543 mg·kg−1,且在无为、芜湖、当涂、滁州和蚌埠研究区 6种砷形态总和均达到总砷质量分数的60%以上。AsB为砷元素的主要存在形式,在所有研究地区AsB占6种砷形态总和的55%~91%;除安庆、巢湖、宣城和滁州外,AsB占总砷比例均高于50%,且6种砷形态质量分数比较为AsB>AsC>AsⅢ>DMA>MMA>AsⅤ。以无机砷 (AsⅢ和AsⅤ) 总质量分数和靶标危害系数 (THQ) 值评价中华绒螯蟹的膳食风险,8个地区27份样本中中华绒螯蟹体内无机砷质量分数为0.004~0.040 mg·kg−1,计算THQ值介于0.006~0.065,远低于标准1,说明该批中华绒螯蟹不存在膳食风险。
相似文献12.
高效液相色谱一电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术测定海产品中5种形态砷 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了海产品中5种形态砷(As)的高效液相色谱一电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定方法。将样品冷冻干燥后采用矿(甲醇):V(水)=3:1溶液,70℃水浴振摇30rain提取1次,再用y(甲醇):y(水)=1:1溶液提取2次,提取液用阴离子交换柱分离,以20mmol·L-1碳酸铵[碳酸氢铵(NH。HCO,)+氨基甲酸铵(NH:COONH。)]为流动相,用电感耦合等离子体质谱检测。5种As的检出限为0.057~0.13μg·L-1,定量限为0.19~0.43μg·kg。添加回收率为83.2%~115%,相对标准偏差小于10%。实际海产品样品测定结果表明,海产品中的As主要以砷甜菜碱和二甲基砷酸为主,5种形态As的和与总As相比,总体提取率达90%以上。 相似文献
13.
为了解我国东部沿海地区海产品与淡水产品中重金属污染现状及摄入风险,实验分析了东部沿海地区市售的12种海产品和8种淡水产品,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定铅、镉、汞、砷、铬共5种常见重金属,根据单因子污染指数(Pi)和金属污染指数(MPI)评价其污染程度,比较不同水产品重金属含量差异及污染状况,并通过靶标危害系数(THQs)评价其健康风险。检测结果显示,海产品与淡水产品中,铅含量范围为ND~1.100 mg/kg,铅超标率为1.4%,各品种铅均值含量无显著差异。镉含量范围为ND~1.600 mg/kg,镉超标率为2.8%,长牡蛎、海湾扇贝镉均值含量高于其他品种。总汞含量范围为ND~1.900 mg/kg,蓝鳍金枪鱼总汞均值含量高于其他品种,其他品种总汞均值含量无显著差异。总砷含量范围为0.004~4.100 mg/kg,淡水鱼(乌鳢除外)总砷均值含量低于其他品种。铬含量范围为0.010~32.000 mg/kg,铬超标率为2.3%,鳙铬均值含量高于其他品种。单因子污染指数显示:不同品种的水产品都有一定的污染。重金属污染指数显示:污染指数呈现... 相似文献
14.
Alleviation effect of dietary cerium and its complex with chitosan oligosaccharide on cadmium accumulation in juvenile turbot,Scophthalmus maximus L., under cadmium stress
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Aquaculture Research》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Li‐Qing Cui Wei Xu Dong‐Feng Wang Rantao Zuo Kang‐Sen Mai Qing‐Hui Ai 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(8):2426-2434
An 8 weeks feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary cerium (Ce) and its complex with chitosan oligosaccharide (COS‐Ce) on growth performance and cadmium (Cd) accumulation of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L. under Cd stress. The basal diet (Diet 0) was formulated without Cd and cerium as the control. Seven other experimental diets (Diets 1–7) were formulated with supplementation of 50 mg Cd2+/kg feed, 50 mg Cd2+/kg and 50 mg Ce3+/kg feed, 50 mg Cd2+/kg and 100 mg Ce3+/kg feed, 50 mg Cd2+/kg and 200 mg Ce3+/kg feed, 50 mg Cd2+/kg and 50 mg COS‐Ce/kg feed, 50 mg Cd2+/kg and 100 mg COS‐Ce/kg feed, and 50 mg Cd2+/kg +200 mg COS‐Ce/kg feed. Results of the present study showed that, compared with the control group, the condition factor in fish fed the diet with 50 mg Cd2+/kg feed (Diet 1) was significantly lower, whereas the Cd concentration in liver and kidney of fish fed the diet with 50 mg/kg Cd2+ (Diet 1) was significantly higher (P < 0.05). The high Cd accumulation of fish fed diets with sole 50 mg/kg Cd (Diet 1) could be significantly decreased by 51.72% after supplementation of 200 mg COS‐Ce/kg in the diet (Diet 7). These results suggested that elevated COS‐Ce could effectively protect against dietary Cd accumulation in turbot. 相似文献
15.
利用化学试剂逐步提取法研究了紫菜、海带、裙带菜和羊栖菜中镉的存在化学形态。研究结果表明:镉以多种化学形态存在于4种海藻中,1 mol/L氯化钠提取态镉和 2% 醋酸提取态的镉所占比例较大,两者约占总镉含量的76.3%~92.9%。0.6 mol/L盐酸提取态、去离子水提取态和80%乙醇提取态镉所占比例较小,其中乙醇提取态(离子态镉)约仅占总镉含量的0.4%~9.2%,且对于4种海藻,紫菜中的离子态镉所占比例最低(均小于1%)。实验进一步证实以海藻中总镉含量作为检测标准不能准确反映海藻及其制品的食用安全性,因此亟需建立海藻中针对毒性较强的离子态镉的检测标准限量和快速有效的检测方法,以保障我国海藻产业和出口创汇经济的顺利发展。 相似文献
16.
A magnesium budget was prepared for a commercial low‐salinity shrimp farm in the Blackland Prairie region of Alabama for one production cycle. Ponds had previously been used for production and fertilized with magnesium; two ponds (S‐5 and S‐6) for four previous years and one pond (N‐9) for one previous season. Fertilization with sulfate of potash magnesia (K2SO4·2MgSO4 or K‐Mag®) was applied to these ponds to obtain the concentrations of 20 mg/L, averaging 1274 kg Mg2+/ha. Additional inputs of magnesium included groundwater, rainfall, and runoff averaged 441.5 kg/ha. A water budget for ponds indicated that 292.6 kg/ha of magnesium in outflows. The difference in inputs and magnesium outputs resulted mainly from adsorption of magnesium by pond bottom soils. However, the increase in exchangeable magnesium in the upper 15‐cm layer of pond bottom soils was not great enough to account for the difference in total magnesium inputs and magnesium outputs in water and shrimp. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are magnesium precipitation, nonexchangeable fixation of magnesium by clay minerals, incomplete extraction of magnesium, and analytical error. The decreased uptake of magnesium by older ponds, S‐5 and S‐6, indicate that the soils had a diminishing affinity for the cation or an equilibrium concentration is being established. 相似文献
17.
C. S. Purushothaman V. K. Sharma V. Harikrishna G. Venugopal R. K. Agrahari 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):84-93
AbstractPotassium deficient inland saline (10 g L?1 salinity) well water was supplemented with muriate of potash to achieve 50% (57 mg L?1) and 100% (114 mg L?1) of seawater potassium concentration and used for the production of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Total mortality was observed in non-supplemented water within 6 days compared to 88.0% survival in K+100% and 85.3% survival in K+50% up to 60 days. P. monodon were subsequently cultured for 110 days in two identical 0.25-ha ponds supplied with water of 10 g L?1 and supplemented with the potassium equivalent of 35% of seawater. Survival and production were 55.8% to 64.25% and 157.70 kg (630.8 kg ha?1) to 172.75 kg (691 kg ha?1), respectively. 相似文献
18.
C.-X. YE L.-X. TIAN H.-J. YANG J.-J. LIANG J. NIU & Y.-J. LIU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(6):608-614
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary manganese (Mn) on growth, vertebrae and whole‐body Mn content of juvenile grouper, and to examine the effect of dietary Mn on copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) content of vertebrae and whole body. Seven casein‐gelatin‐based diets were supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 and 1000 mg kg?1 of Mn from MnSO4·H2O. Grouper with an initial weight of 12.9 ± 0.4 g were fed to satiation with one of the seven diets for 8 weeks. Growth was not significantly affected by dietary Mn supplements. Vertebrae Mn increased from 31.7 to 118.1 mg kg?1 dry weight with dietary Mn supplement increasing from 0 to 50 mg kg?1 (y = ?0.0002x3 + 0.0162x2 + 1.3903x + 26.27, R2 = 0.9561, where y is the vertebrae Mn content and x is the dietary Mn content). Whole‐body Mn increased from 2.5 to 7.8 mg kg?1 wet weight with dietary Mn supplement increasing from 0 to 50 mg kg?1 (y = 0.00001x3 ? 0.00107x2 + 0.11054x + 2.24615, R2 = 0.9080, where y is the whole‐body Mn content and x is the dietary Mn content). Dietary Mn had no significant effect on vertebrae Fe, Ca, P and Mg content, and whole‐body Cu, Zn and Mg content. However, vertebrae Zn and whole body Ca, P were highest in fish fed diet supplemented with 15 mg kg?1 of Mn. Based on this, Mn supplement of 15 mg kg?1 might be the optimum when the basal diet contained 4 mg kg?1 of Mn. Fish fed diet supplemented with 1000 mg kg?1 of Mn did not show any gross abnormality or change in feeding behaviour, but Mn contents of vertebrae and whole body were as high as 695.1 mg kg?1 dry weight and 42.5 mg kg?1 wet weight, respectively. Also, whole body Fe decreased significantly when Mn supplement was up to 1000 mg kg?1. 相似文献
19.
M E Azim M A Wahab A A van Dam M C M Beveridge A Milstein & M C J Verdegem 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(9):749-760
The effects of four rates of application of fertilizer, with cow manure (3000 kg ha−1), urea (100 (kg ha−1) and triple super phosphate (TSP) (100 kg ha−1) (treatment F)), treatment F × 0.5 (treatment 0.5F), treatment F × 1.5 (treatment 1.5F) and treatment F × 2 (treatment 2F), on periphyton, plankton and water quality in tropical freshwater ponds were studied. The highest periphyton biomass in terms of dry matter (3.27 mg cm−2 substrate), ash-free dry matter (2.06 mg cm−2 substrate) and chlorophyll a (7.49 µg cm−2 substrate) developed in treatment 1.5F. The ash content of periphyton was lower in treatment 1.5F (38% of dry matter) than in other treatments (57–66% of dry matter). Total ammonia and chlorophyll a of water increased with fertilization rate. Treatment 1.5F (cow manure, urea and TSP at rates of 4500, 150 and 150 kg ha−1 respectively) appears to be the optimum, yielding high quantity and quality periphyton. By supplying a substrate area for periphyton equivalent to the pond surface, it was estimated that this level of fertilization could support a fish production of around 5000 kg ha−1 y−1, without recourse to supplementary food. 相似文献
20.
The freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata was provided green algal‐dominated water from a Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) over a range of water temperatures (6.1–32.4 °C) and suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations (<1–32.2 mg C L?1) to determine filtration rates as mg POC kg?1 wet tissue weight h?1. The lowest filtration rates were observed at lowest temperatures and POC concentrations while the highest rates were at intermediate temperatures and the highest POC levels. The predicted filtration rate (PFR) in response to water temperature and POC concentrations was as follows: ln PFR=1.4352+0.1192 POC+0.1399 T?0.0001 T3. Within the experimental conditions, PFRs at any POC concentration increased with increased water temperature to a peak at 22 °C and then decreased. The maximum PFR occurred at 22 °C and 32 mg C L?1 and the minimum PFR at 7 °C and 1 mg C L?1. A model to describe the mussel filtration rate responses to PAS water conditions involves both water temperature and POC concentration. 相似文献