化州橘红种质资源的SSR标记分析

利用核基因组简单序列重复（Simple sequence repeat,SSR）DNA标记,对11份化州橘红及其相关种质的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明：6对SSR分子标记引物共扩增出32个等位基因,每对引物可扩增3～8个等位基因;11份种质在SSR位点上的PIC值介于0.1763到0.4400之间,平均为0.2761。聚类分析表明,在Nei s遗传相似系数0.85处,可将所研究的种质分为6组,其中有5组分布有化州橘红种质,表明化州橘红不同种质间有较大的遗传差异。     

基于SSR分子标记的油梨种质遗传多样性分析

用23对SSR多态性引物对收集的54份油梨种质材料进行PCR扩增,利用Popgene 1.32计算遗传多样性参数,采用NTSYSpc 2.1计算种质间的遗传相似系数,并进行UPGMA聚类分析和主成分分析.结果表明,23对SSR引物共扩增出多态性位点119个,每对引物扩增的多态位点在2?10个之间,平均为5.17个,多态...     

基于SSR分子标记的栽培种茄子遗传多样性分析

用105对茄子SSR引物对34份茄子高代材料进行遗传多样性分析。试验结果表明：47个标记在供试材料中有多态性,共检测出148个多态性位点。多态性信息含量（PIC）的变化范围是0.025 4～0.909 3,显示了较高的多态性。供试材料遗传相似系数在0.63～0.93之间,供试材料之间的遗传差异不大,遗传基础相对狭窄。利用UPGMA聚类分析,将供试材料归为两大类4个亚类,SSR分子标记与果实性状聚类分析结果基本一致。     

葡萄种质遗传多样性的SSR分析及指纹库构建

以取自郑州果树研究所的45个葡萄品种为试材,利用SSR标记技术对其进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明:利用19对基本核心引物对位于不同染色体上的SSR位点进行PCR扩增,共扩增出76条带,其中包括74条多态性条带.每对引物可检测到等位位点数为2～5个,多态率为66.7％～100％.通过聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离为0.41处,45份葡萄材料可分为三大类群.对供试葡萄品种的不同引物的扩增产物进行检测,得到了每个品种在一组位于不同染色体的SSR位点上的基因型图谱,从而初步建立一个供试葡萄品种的SSR基因型指纹库.这为利用SSR标记鉴定葡萄品种或品系提供了基础数据.     

来自苹果的SSRs在蔷薇科植物资源上的通用性分析

 用来自苹果基因组的6个SSR标记(CH02a10、CH02b07、CH02c11、MS01a03、CH01f12和CH03d11) 引物, 对蔷薇科植物的6属19个种的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增, 以分析其在不同物种上的通用性。结果表明, 这些SSR引物几乎在所有的供试物种上都能扩增出与在苹果上大小相似的SSRs产物。可见, 这些从栽培苹果上开发的SSR引物可用于蔷薇科内更多跨种、跨属的种质资源的研究。但不同的SSR标记所表现出的多态性有较大差异。对本研究所用的几个SSR标记来说, CH01f12在供试物种间呈现的多态性最高。     

20份葡萄种质亲缘关系的SSR分析

利用SSR标记对20份葡萄材料进行了基因组多态性分析,从245对引物中筛选出19对用于葡萄的SSR扩增。共扩增出144条带,均为多态性条带,多态性百分率为100%。根据SSR扩增结果,利用NTSYSpc2.10e软件进行Jaccard相似性系数分析,20份葡萄材料的遗传相似系数为0.630～0.900,平均遗传相似系数...     

茄子耐盐种质亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用RAPD标记对14份耐盐茄子种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：从100个引物中筛选出10个多态性较好的引物,共扩增出102条带,多态性条带所占的比例为77.45%。聚类分析结果显示：14份耐盐茄子材料的遗传相似系数在0.316～0.975之间|在遗传相似系数0.47处可将14份耐盐茄子材料分为3大类,大部分种质资源（85.71%）都聚在第3类（栽培种）,表明收集到的茄子耐盐种质亲缘关系较近。     

彩色甘蓝型油菜指纹图谱构建

采用SSR和特异性分子标记,构建彩色甘蓝型油菜的指纹图谱,并进行聚类分析。从509对SSR引物和30对特异性引物筛选出13对多态性位点丰富、稳定性和重复性高的引物,对引物构建10份彩色甘蓝型油菜DNA指纹图谱,利用NTSYS软件构建聚类分析图并进行分析。结果表明,13对引物可扩增32个多态性等位位点。其中,引物P13构建的指纹能将参试材料中的普通黄花油菜与彩色油菜分开;引物P21构建的指纹能将10份材料彼此分开;聚类分析结果与其遗传背景相吻合。本研究可为彩色甘蓝型油菜品种（系）真伪性和纯度鉴定提供依据,以期为进一步进行彩色油菜分子标记辅助育种鉴定基础。     

二倍体马铃薯栽培品种遗传多样性的SSR标记分析

二倍体马铃薯基因组相对简单,借助二倍体进行育种可以加速马铃薯的育种进程,因此评价二倍体马铃薯种质的遗传多样性,挖掘和有效利用优良性状显得非常必要。为了筛选多态性的SSR标记,用55对SSR引物扩增39个遗传关系相对较远的二倍体马铃薯材料。选取分布在12条染色体上的12个具有高多态性的SSR标记评价192份二倍体马铃薯栽培品种的遗传多样性,共检测到98个等位位点,其中97个为多态性位点;每对SSR引物扩增出的等位位点为6~18个,平均8.2个。用非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类,显示出所有供试材料的遗传关系:12对SSR引物可以将192份材料中的186份区分开;这192份材料被划分为11个组群,其中第一个组群包含了83.3%的材料。     

丝瓜种质资源遗传多样性的SSR与SRAP分析

利用SSR和SRAP标记对30份丝瓜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,分别从52对SSR和48对SRAP引物中选取10对和12对多态性好的引物,其中10对SSR引物共扩增出32条多态性带,12对SRAP引物扩增出118条多态性带。30份种质间的平均遗传相似系数为0.761,说明丝瓜间种质遗传背景比较狭隘。聚类分析显示,30份丝瓜种质被划分为普通丝瓜与有棱丝瓜两大类。     

Development and characterization of SSR markers in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and its related species

In order to study the extensively genetic diversities of more than 700 cultivars of Chinese jujube, it is necessary to utilize various informative DNA markers. SSR markers are highly polymorphic, co-dominant, locus-specific markers widely used in genetic studies, but less used in Chinese jujube because of no specific primers available. In this study, we used the approach of selectively amplified microsatellite (SAM) to develop SSR markers for Chinese jujube and its related species. Three cultivars (Dongzao, Dalilongzao and Jinsixiaozao) were selected to perform the approach of SAM with CT repeats. There were totally 25 primers obtained, of which we selected 16 primers available to detect the polymorphism in populations of 24 Chinese jujube cultivars, two wild jujube varieties and two Indian jujube cultivars. Based on these primers, genetic relationships of the 28 samples were constructed in a dendrogram according to the UPGMA cluster analysis. The samples were clustered into three main groups, including Chinese jujube, wild jujube and Indian jujube as expected. The 16 sequence-specific SSR primers could efficiently distinguish all the 24 cultivars of Chinese jujube, except for two cultivars, Jinsixiaozao and its ‘stoneless’ mutant, Wuhexiaozao. As a result, SAM was a very efficient method in targeted developing sequence-specific SSR primers in Chinese jujube. Furthermore, SAMs could also be used as high polymorphic molecular markers independently. The further study would focus on developing other oligonucleotide repeat types and applying more SSRs available in the genetic research of Chinese jujube.     

基于全基因组序列的马铃薯SSR标记开发与连锁图谱加密

本研究检索了马铃薯全基因组范围内的SSR序列,并分析了其分布特点。通过开发设计位于目标染色体上的SSR引物,对连锁图谱进行加密和低温糖化抗性QTL定位。结果表明,马铃薯基因组上分布着28 609条SSR序列,平均分布于12条染色体上。其中2碱基、3碱基和4碱基基序SSR序列分别有15 943、11 053和1 613条,富含A或T的SSR数分别占2碱基、3碱基和4碱基基序SSR总数的88.6%、45.0%和26.0%。根据SSR序列两侧保守的侧翼序列,设计了位于5号染色体（chr05）上的SSR引物40对,其中有35对能有效扩增,20对引物的目标片段有多态性,13对引物的32个多态性位点定位到chr05上,将平均标记间距从9.0 cM缩小为1.7 cM,低温糖化抗性QTL的2 LOD置信区间从26.0 cM缩小为4.0 cM;6号染色体（chr06）上新设计SSR引物59对,有54对能有效扩增,25对引物的目标片段有多态性,12对引物的30个多态性位点被定位到chr06上,将平均标记间距从5.5 cM缩小为3.5 cM,低温糖化抗性QTL区间从9.0 cM缩小为3.7 cM。研究结果为抗低温糖化QTL的图位克隆奠定了良好基础,为马铃薯抗低温糖化分子育种提供了辅助标记。     

三色堇转录组SSR分析及分子标记开发

为解决三色堇(Viola×wittrockiana)缺乏共显性DNA标记的问题,利用MISA软件对其转录组测序获得的167 576条unigene进行筛选,共检测出23 791个SSR位点,出现频率为14.20%,平均分布距离为6.75 kb。SSR位点中主导类型为三核苷酸重复,占总SSR的28.31%;其次是二核苷酸重复,占总SSR的12.86%。AG/CT与GAA/TTC分别是二核苷酸与三核苷酸的优势重复基元,分别占总SSR重复类型的4.01%和1.85%。利用Primer 3共设计出6 863对SSR引物。随机选择30对引物进行PCR扩增,其中18对引物可扩增出清晰、可重复条带,并在42份三色堇资源中表现多态性。基于扩增的多态性SSR信息,42份三色堇种质资源的聚类结果与其遗传背景基本一致。本研究中获得的18对SSR引物可为三色堇遗传图谱构建、功能基因定位等提供有力工具。     

SSR-based identification key of cultivars of Olea europaea L. diffused in Southern-Italy

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an important fruit species in Italy and Mediterranean basin constituted by a wide germplasm with a large number of cultivars present in all the Mediterranean area. SSRs are becoming the markers of choice for variability studies in olives as they are simple to perform, transferable, hypervariable, highly polymorphic and show a high information content.Olive genetic diversity was studied using 16 SSR markers on 30 cultivars diffused in Southern-Italy. Resolving Power (RP) and Power of Discrimination (PD) were calculated to evaluate the efficiency of the SSR markers investigated in studies of cultivars fingerprinting. Based on their high efficiency, two SSR markers, UDO43 and DCA16 were chosen to set up an identification key to distinguish the entire set of cultivars, confirming the high biodiversity of the Southern-Italian olive germplasm and the suitability of SSR markers in studies of cultivar diagnosis.     

Molecular characterization of Miraflores peach variety and relatives using SSRs

Some traditional peach varieties, originated from the region of Aragón (Spain), were analysed by SSRs (simple sequence repeats). The aim of this research was to characterize 19 clones related to Miraflores variety, with unknown pedigrees, to assess their genetic diversity and to elucidate their possible relationships with 10 traditional peach varieties. Twenty SSR primer pairs with high levels of polymorphism, which have been previously developed for peach, were used in this study. A total of 46 alleles were obtained for all the microsatellites studied, ranging from one to six alleles per locus, with a mean value of 2.3 alleles per locus. Fourteen SSRs were polymorphic in the set of varieties studied and permitted to distinguish 16 different genotypes out of the 30 initially studied, although fourteen ‘Miraflores’ clones showed identical gel profiles. The genetic distance matrix was used to construct neighbor joining cluster and to perform principal coordinate analysis which allowed the arrangement of all the genotypes according to their genetic relationships. The genetic relationships among these traditional peach varieties, and in particular among ‘Miraflores’ clones are discussed. The obtained results confirm that microsatellite markers are very useful for these purpose.     

利用苹果SSR引物分析山楂属植物遗传关系

SSR引物在不同物种间具有通用性,从141对苹果属(Malus spp.)SSR引物中筛选出10对适合于山楂属(Crataegus spp.)植物的SSR引物,并对8个种37份山楂种质资源的遗传关系进行了分析。10对SSR引物共检测到91个多态性谱带,每个位点的等位基因数为3～13个,平均为9.1个。位点杂合度为0.432～0.790,平均为0.688。10对SSR引物可以将20份山楂资源区分开,17份不能区分的资源分为3组,第1组为3个伏山楂品种,第2组和第3组分别包括大果山楂的2个和12个品种。基于SSR标记构建的聚类树状图将供试37份山楂资源分成2个类群,第1类群包括6个山楂野生种,第2类群包括供试的所有伏山楂、山楂和大果山楂资源。该聚类结果与传统形态学分类一致。     

Analysis of genetic structure in a large sample of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) using fluorescent SSR markers

Molecular markers are helpful to efficiently protect the plant breeders’ rights. Fluorescent simple sequence repeats (SSR) based on DNA sequencing is a powerful and automated platform for the detection of genetic polymorphism. Here, we first reported 13 SSRs using a fluorescent SSR panel according to the reference genome information, and detected the genetic diversity and population structure of 136 pomegranate varieties. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.31, gene diversity ranged from 0.16 to 0.37 with an average of 0.28, and polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.14 to 0.29 with a mean value of 0.22. The mean genetic distance (GD) between varieties was 0.32. Population structure analysis divided the varieties into three different subpopulations (Q1, Q2, and Q3). The cultivars in Q1 all came from China, and almost all cultivars came from foreign countries combined with Chinese were grouped into Q2. The only accession originated from Myanmar was grouped to Q3. The results indicated that 13 SSR markers were polymorphic. The varieties originating from the same geographical region were more closely related, and extensive gene flow had taken place between the varieties from different regions. The results may be useful for the efficient selection breeding and variety protection.     

大白菜品种鉴定的SSR核心引物筛选及其应用

为筛选出一套大白菜（Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis）简单重复序列（Simple sequence repeat,SSR）的核心引物,以54份大白菜骨干自交系为材料,从已发表的2 129对白菜SSR引物中,初步筛选出分布于白菜整个基因组、具有唯一扩增位点、扩增稳定性及重复性好的多态性SSR引物51对。进一步根据引物的多态性信息量（PIC）、等位基因数量、位点的物理位置和主成分分析（PCA）等分析结果,确定了一套包含28对SSR引物的核心引物组合。比较核心引物组合、51对多态性SSR引物和123个标记（72个SNP标记与51对多态性SSR引物）对54份大白菜骨干自交系的聚类分析结果,三者具有较高的一致性;该套引物可将262份大白菜高代自交系区分开,具有较好的鉴别能力。利用这套核心引物构建了242份大白菜品种的指纹图谱。该研究获得的28对SSR引物可以用于大白菜的遗传多样性分析和品种核酸指纹库构建等研究,可为大白菜新品种的特异性、一致性、稳定性检测体系的建立和新品种保护提供技术支持。     

Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Tunisian apricot germplasm using AFLP and SSR markers

Eighty-one accessions representing apricot germplasm in Tunisia were collected from different areas of cultivation and fingerprinted using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellites (SSR) markers. A total of 339 polymorphic markers were revealed using 5 AFLP primers combinations and 24 SSR loci. AFLP and SSR markers expressed a high level of polymorphism allowing the distinction of the accessions with an efficiency coefficient of discrimination of 100% for AFLP and 97% for SSR markers. Genetic diversity structure was assessed with AFLPs and SSRs markers separately then with combined matrix data by the help of hierarchical clustering elaborated using Wards method based on Nei and Li (1979) distances. Comparison of the obtained dendrograms revealed a phylogeographic structure into two major groups with significant conservation between the observed subgroups in relation with the geographic origin of the accessions. The relative efficiency of the markers in determining the genetic relationships among apricot accessions has been assessed and a combination of AFLPs and SSRs markers was the most effective. In addition, Mantel test based on genetic distances indicated highly significant correlation between AFLP-SSR data and each of the AFLP and SSR ones, with Pearson correlation values of r = 0.873 and r = 0.692, respectively, revealing the higher efficiency of the combination of both molecular techniques (AFLP and SSR) to estimate the levels of genetic variability among apricot germplasm.