一龄中华鲟生长特征研究

一龄中华鲟生长特征研究肖慧，李淑芳（葛洲坝中华鲟研究所）中华鲟是我国一级保护水生野生动物，由于其在鱼类演化、生态习性和地理分布等方面的独特地位，许多水产工作者相继对其进行了研究，并取得了一些成果。为了保护与增殖中华鲟资源，进一步完善中华鲟早期阶段的生...     

长江口中华鲟自然保护区基本调查与监测

项目完成了30航次、92站次的调查，获取了17758个样本数据资料，初步查明了保护区及其周边水域的关键环境生态因子、中华鲟幼鱼在长江口的主要饵料组成及其变化过程、保护区内中华鲟幼鱼饵料生物资源状况及其与中华鲟幼鱼生存栖息地和食物竞争的种类；查明了中华鲟幼鱼在长江口的聚集期限与高峰期的时间节点；研究了中华鲟幼鱼在长江口的渗透压调节过程以及对不同盐度水域的选择性，成功地进行了对误捕受伤中华鲟幼鱼的抢救。     

中华鲟的水族馆保育技术研究

正本文通过对青岛水族馆二十多年间饲养中华鲟的经历和几次对中华鲟成体疾病治疗的回顾,总结了中华鲟的水族馆展示和饲养保育技术,中华鲟成体生长发育与盐化的关系,期望为中华鲟的长期大规模饲养管理提供基础研究资料。中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis Grdy)隶属脊索动物门、脊椎动物亚门、有颌上纲、硬骨鱼纲、辐鳍亚纲、软骨硬鳞下纲、鲟形目、鲟科、鲟属。中华鲟体披五行骨板,形态威猛,个体硕大,扫帚似的歪尾,四条须下     

中华鲟在鱼卵和1~+龄阶段对脂肪酸选择利用的研究

为研究中华鲟对脂肪酸的选择利用,采用国标方法,对野生与人工养殖中华鲟成熟鱼卵和肌肉的脂肪酸组成进行了测定分析。试验结果显示:野生中华鲟卵细胞中C18:1和C22:6(DHA)脂肪酸的含量高于养殖的中华鲟成熟卵细胞;在相同的养殖环境和投饲策略下,野生中华鲟幼鱼合成或富集n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的能力高于养殖的中华鲟幼鱼。研究表明,中华鲟亲鱼在发育过程中对营养素的累积具有差异性,多不饱和脂肪酸,尤其是DHA、EPA和ARA脂肪源,对中华鲟亲鱼性腺发育和幼鱼生长发育具有重要意义。     

2015年海昌奖获奖者先进事迹(七)

吴铠(科普奖) 吴铠,现任上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区管理处科研宣教科科长.她十年如一日坚持驻守中华鲟保护第一线,从事中华鲟等珍稀水生生物和生态环境保护工作.九年来,她爱岗敬业,为中华鲟保护事业做出了贡献.她曾组织开展了一系列丰富多彩的科普宣传活动,借助中华鲟抢救、增殖放流、湿地保护等活动,通过电视、网络等媒体扩大宣传,上海市民对中华鲟的认知率已达90％以上.     

西江中华鲟

长江中华鲟因修建葛洲坝水利枢纽而名闻一时。西江有中华鲟，尤其广西象州境内还有中华鲟的产卵场，这就鲜为人知了。最近因在黔江上游发现了一尾300kg的中华鲟被害身亡并在中央电视台、广西电视台、广西日报等新闻媒体及时做了报道，引起了社会的极大关注。     

中华鲟、网箱养殖试验

中华鲟属于鲟形目、鲟科鱼类,１９８３年被定为国家一类保护动物,是现存世界上最古老的硬骨鱼类之一。为保护与延缓这一古老的自然资源,２０世纪７０年代重庆长寿湖水产研究所最早成功地进行了中华鲟的采卵孵化;１９８４年以来,湖北葛州坝中华鲟研究所每年都进行了中华鲟的人工繁殖。近年来,中华鲟的商     

中华鲟幼鱼水霉病的诊治实例

正2016年6月初,中华鲟研究所大溪流水养殖基地养殖的子二代中华鲟幼鱼发生了水霉病,经笔者及时诊治后,病情在短时间内得到了有效控制,幼鱼养殖恢复正常。本文总结该病的基本情况、临床症状、治疗方法和效果,旨在为中华鲟幼鱼水霉病的防治提供参考。一、发病基本情况此次发病的子二代中华鲟幼鱼系2014年中华鲟     

中华鲟全人工繁殖历史之最 获受精卵21万粒

长江三峡集团中华鲟研究所,在一组子一代中华鲟亲鱼全人工繁殖条件下,成功产下受精卵21万粒,产卵规模已达到野生中华鲟自然繁殖的水平,标志着中华鲟全人工繁殖技术体系基本成熟。20世纪80年代,科研人员利用野生中华鲟亲鱼人工繁殖培育出子一代。2009年以来,中华鲟研究所连续4次成功实施中华鲟全人工繁殖,前3次繁殖获得受精卵数量分别为4万枚、5万枚和10万枚。产卵规模已经达到野生中华鲟自然繁殖的水平。子一代成功繁育出子二代中华鲟,这也是世界     

“中华鲟人工繁育放流技术”通过鉴定

1984年以来，长江葛洲坝中华鲟人工繁殖研究所共向长江放流仔幼中华鲟77万多尾，增殖了中华鲟资源。1988年3月中旬，来自全国的20多名专家教授在听阅了5万多字的技术论文，观看了人工繁殖、放流中华鲟的电视片、图片和培育的幼鱼，实地察看了各种设施以后，     

On the Introduction of Phytophagous Fishes into Gravity-flow Irrigation Systems in the Sudan

This paper describes gravity-flow type irrigation schemes in the Sudan and the economic and biological problems associated with the build-up of aquatic weeds. Economic problems include loss of production through water loss and biological problems and an increase in the water-associated vectors of the diseases malaria and bilharzia. The case for and possible advantage of the introduction of phytophagous fishes into the canals for aquatic weed control is discussed. Two species are suggested, the exotic Chinese grass carp and the endemic Tilapia zillii. The environmental effects of both are discussed with reference to the possibility of natural spawning in the schemes and escape into natural waters outside the schemes. The potential reduction of water-associated vectors of diseases through removal of aquatic weeds indicates a considerable social and economic advantage to their Introduction. It is concluded that experiments should continue on the introduction of grass carp whilst experiments should begin on the introduction of the alternative T. zillii, the promising potential of which is at present being ignored.     

Spawning behaviour of Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) merguiensis de Man and the effect of light intensity on spawning

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of light intensity just prior to and during spawning of Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) merguiensis de Man in the laboratory. Neither the presence of light nor light intensity (0, 10 and 1100 lux) had a significant effect on the spawning process or hatching rate in P. merguiensis. Difference in the percentage of spawners, percentage of incomplete spawning, fecundity and hatching rate were all insignificant (P > 0.05) among the three light treatments. However, spawning was delayed (up to 21 min on average) under 1100 lux with a high percentage of incomplete spawning, compared with the Control (0 lux). For the first time, spawning behaviour of P. merguiensis was observed and fully described. The spawning process can be divided into four phases: dormant, pre‐spawning, spawning and post‐spawning by distinct behaviour of prawn broodstock. The dormant phase was characterized by a quiescent and non‐feeding period, whereas movement of prawn broodstock was active during the pre‐spawning and post‐spawning phases. Depending on the individual, spawning was completed within 3–5 min. Prawns often stayed still on the water surface during spawning with occasional manoeuvres to change the position. After a short rest at the termination of the spawning phase, prawn broodstock re‐exhibited active movement as in the pre‐spawning phase, but showing conspicuous care to the deposited eggs. The role of light in controlling ovarian development and spawning, and the behaviour of prawn broodstock in relation to maximizing fertilization rate are discussed.     

Modelling potential spawning habitat of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay

Large amplitude variations in recruitment of small pelagic fish result from interactions between a fluctuating environment and population dynamics processes such as spawning. The spatial extent and location of spawning, which is critical to the fate of eggs and larvae, can vary strongly from year to year, as a result of changing population structure and environmental conditions. Spawning habitat can be divided into ‘potential spawning habitat’, defined as habitat where the hydrographic conditions are suitable for spawning, ‘realized spawning habitat’, defined as habitat where spawning actually occurs, and ‘successful spawning habitat’, defined as habitat from where successful recruitment has resulted. Using biological data collected during the period 2000–2004, as well as hydrographic data, we investigate the role of environmental parameters in controlling the potential spawning habitat of anchovy and sardine in the Bay of Biscay. Anchovy potential spawning habitat appears to be primarily related to bottom temperature followed by surface temperature and mixed‐layer depth, whilst surface and bottom salinity appear to play a lesser role. The possible influence of hydrographic factors on the spawning habitat of sardine seems less clear than for anchovy. Modelled relationships between anchovy and sardine spawning are used to predict potential spawning habitat from hydrodynamical simulations. The results show that the seasonal patterns in spawning are well reproduced by the model, indicating that hydrographic changes may explain a large fraction of spawning spatial dynamics. Such models may prove useful in the context of forecasting potential impacts of future environmental changes on sardine and anchovy reproductive strategy in the north‐east Atlantic.     

Historical fluctuations in spawning location of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in the Bay of Biscay during 1967–73 and 2000–2004

The spatial extent of small pelagic fish spawning habitat is influenced by environmental factors and by the state of the adult population. In return, the configuration of spawning habitat affects recruitment and therefore the future structure of the adult population. Interannual changes in spatial patterns of spawning reflect variations in adult population structures and their environment. The present study describes the historical changes in the spatial distribution of spawning of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in the Bay of Biscay during two periods: 1967–72 and 2000–2004. Using data from egg surveys conducted in spring, the spatial distributions of anchovy and sardine eggs are characterized by means of geostatistics. For each survey, a map of probability of egg presence is constructed. The maps are then compared to define (1) recurrent spawning areas, (2) occasional spawning areas and (3) unfavourable spawning areas during each period. Sardine spawning habitat is generally fragmented and appears spatially limited by the presence of cold bottom water. It is confined to coastal or shelf break refuge areas in years of restricted spawning extent. For anchovy, recurrent spawning sites are found in Gironde and Adour estuaries whilst spawning can extend further offshore in years of more intense spawning. For both species, the mean pattern of spawning has changed between 1967–72 and 2000–2004. Noticeably, the spatial distribution of anchovy eggs in spring has expanded northward. This trend possibly results from changes in environmental conditions during the last four decades.     

金乌贼新型产卵附着基的实验研究

2015年6—7月和2016年6—7月在青岛金沙滩水产有限公司室内产卵池中开展了不同材料、不同颜色、不同水深金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)产卵附着基附卵效果对比实验,以及柽柳附卵器对附卵效果的影响实验。实验用产卵附着基为0.33 m×0.33 m×0.33 m的十字形可折叠钢丝框架,上覆黑白2种聚乙烯网衣材料;每个产卵池中金乌贼亲体数量约35只,雌雄比约为1∶1,胴长(139.2±1.1)mm,体重(435.9±8.5)g。同时选用等比例放大的1.0 m×1.0 m×1.0 m钢筋框架与不同颜色网衣制作的十字形可折叠附着基,于2015年6—7月在青岛斋堂岛附近海域(35?36?6?N,119?54?8?E)和杨家洼湾前附近海域(35?36'6?N,119?50'50?E),以及2016年6—7月在青岛薛家岛近海(35?57?24?N,120?16?22?E)和杨家洼湾前附近海域(35?35?45?N,119?50?38?E)开展了海区附卵验证实验。结果表明:室内同一水体环境中柽柳附卵效果最佳,其次是十字形附着基,海参框附卵效果最差;白色十字形附着基的附卵效果显著优于黑色(P0.05);柽柳附卵器对附卵效果有积极影响,加装柽柳附卵器的十字形附着基附卵效果明显提高;产卵池底层摆放的十字形附着基的附卵效果显著优于表层悬挂的十字形附着基(P0.01)。海区附卵验证结果表明:2015年和2016年海区投放的十字形附着基附卵效果良好,最高附卵率分别为82.14%和56.72%;海区投放的黑色和白色十字形附着基的附卵效果差异不显著(P0.05);海底悬挂的十字形附着基的附卵效果显著优于近底层悬挂的十字形附着基(P0.05)。综合分析认为,在金乌贼产卵繁殖季节,选择其重要产卵场和主要增殖放流海区水深15~20 m的缓流区,底层设置十字形可折叠产卵附着基,可有效进行资源增殖与产卵场修复。     

Conservation of spawning time between years in lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus and potential impacts from the temporal distribution of fishing effort

Lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus L., has an extended ovary development period and a relatively long spawning season. It therefore seems unlikely that individuals spawning later in the season would be able to recover from spawning and develop their gonads in time to spawn during the early part of the season the following year. The hypothesis that individuals spawning early or late in a spawning season would spawn early or late the following year was tested using fish tagged in Iceland between 2008 and 2017. The tagging date and recapture date the following year were positively correlated with an average of 356 days at large (DAL). Fish sampled from the fishery indicate that tagging/recapture date gives an indication of spawning time. From this, it was concluded that spawning time in the current year can be used to predict spawning time the following year. As fishing effort was greatest at the end of April/beginning of May, it seems likely that fish that come to spawn at this time will be subject to a higher fishing mortality. Therefore, they will be less likely to spawn successfully than fish spawning earlier or later in the year. If spawning time is under genetic control, then this could have consequences for the spawning phenology of lumpfish.     

White sturgeon spawning and discharge augmentation

Abstract Observed spawning events of endangered Kootenai River white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus (Richardson), during 1994–2002 were examined to evaluate the effects of discharge from Libby Dam on spawning. Discharge from Libby Dam was manipulated in most years to provide enhanced flows (hereafter, augmented discharge) for white sturgeon spawning. The annual onset of spawning appeared independent of augmented discharge because initial spawning occurred prior to augmented discharge in 4 of 6 years. Spawning began 2–11 days after the highest river discharge in 4 of 9 years. Linear regression analysis indicated the onset of spawning was positively related to mean daily discharge from the dam but not mean daily temperature, 1‐day change in discharge (Δ discharge) or 3‐day Δ discharge. Logistic regression analysis suggested the probability of a spawning event was influenced by Julian date, mean daily water temperature, mean daily discharge and the 7‐day Δ discharge, but the predictive indices were small. Minor fluctuations in temperature and discharge characteristics had little additional predictive benefit for spawning after the river reached spawning thresholds. The highest probability of spawning (0.48) was for the temperature interval 9.5–9.9 °C, and 93% of the estimated spawning events occurred above 8 °C. Sixty percent of the estimated spawning events occurred at discharges ≥600 m³ s^?1, which comprised 45% of the range of discharge values.     

Asynchronous and synchronous spawning by smalleye shiner Notropis buccula from the Brazos River,Texas

Abstract – We used a combination of methods to study the reproductive ecology of the imperiled smalleye shiner Notropis buccula Cross in the Brazos River, Texas between April 2003 and March 2005. Patterns in oocyte development, gonadosomatic index and oocyte size distribution indicate that reproduction occurs over a 6‐month period between April and September and that the population spawns asynchronously with individual fish spawning small batches of ova throughout the reproductive season except during periods of elevated streamflow when spawning becomes more intense and is synchronised within the population. This combination of asynchronous spawning and episodic synchronous spawning in the same species challenges the current paradigm of an exclusive association between spawning and periods of elevated streamflow for pelagic, broadcast‐spawning cyprinids in North American Great Plains Rivers. The combination of asynchronous and synchronous spawning that we observed for the smalleye shiner is likely widespread among pelagic, broadcast‐spawning cyprinids and limitations of the methods commonly used to assess reproductive ecology likely contributed to an incomplete understanding of the relationship between spawning and streamflow. An accurate understanding of this relationship is necessary to design and implement appropriate conservation and management strategies for the smalleye shiner and other imperiled broadcast‐spawning cyprinid fishes.     

Inter‐annual variation of the spawning aggregations of the white‐streaked grouper Epinephelus ongus,in relation to the lunar cycle and water temperature fluctuation

The white‐streaked grouper, Epinephelus ongus (Serranidae), which forms spawning aggregations at specific times and sites, has been traditionally targeted by local fishers in the Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa. This study examined the long‐term dynamics of the population and the spawning aggregation of E. ongus, based on the historical catch data for a 20‐yr period. The continuous declines of the catch data suggested a substantial decrease in the population. The analysis of the daily catch data, which reflect the approximate volumetric fluctuation of the spawning aggregation, demonstrated that the distinctive peaks of daily catches appeared consistently over a 20‐yr span at the last quarter moon in the spawning season, in synchrony with the lunar phase as a spawning cue of the species. Contrary to this consistency, there were inter‐annual variations of spawning aggregation formation, which formed once or twice in the two consecutive months in the lunar calendar. The present study indicated that the water temperature before the aggregation period dictated not the only timing of the first spawning aggregation, but also the frequency of spawning aggregation and that the abundance between the first and the second spawning aggregation, represented by catch data, were negatively correlated. Together with previous evidence of gonadal histology, the findings indicated that water temperatures affect the gonadal maturation in the spawning population and control spawning aggregation formation. These facts imply that most individuals join in only a single spawning aggregation in the course of the year and highlight the importance of the spawning aggregation for reproduction of E. ongus.     

Annually twice induced spawnings provide multiple benefits: Experimental evidence from an Indian major carp (Catla catla,Hamilton 1822)

Multiple spawnings are special reproductive tactics that many fish evolved to obtain different types of direct and/or indirect spawning benefits. This has led to two pertinent questions: (a) what types of benefit does a commercially important fish provide during multiple induced spawnings annually? and (b) is there any trade‐off between traits during these spawnings? To address these questions, the present study was carried out with two separate experiments during two spawning events of an Indian major carp (Catla catla) to assess: (a) male's spawning performances and (b) female's spawning performances. The male's spawning data revealed that they produced significantly higher amount of milt and hatchlings during the first spawning, while they significantly reduced hatchling deformation rate, enhanced offspring survival rate and enlarged offspring body size during the second spawning. The female's spawning information unveiled no significant differences in total egg weight, hatching rate and hatchling deformation rate between the first and second spawning. However, females had significantly higher offspring survival rate during the first spawning and enhanced offspring body size during the second spawning. Interestingly, the analysis of trait associations revealed that males allocated energy with a trade‐off between milt weight and offspring survival rate, whereas females showed a trade‐off between hatching rate and offspring survival rate. Thus, the study provides some important information for carp breeders and associated stakeholders to know which spawning season is preferable for the higher production of eggs, milt and good quality larvae.