杀虫剂对斑潜蝇成虫触杀毒性的测定

美洲斑潜蝇和南美斑潜蝇的卵和幼虫都隐藏在叶片表皮内,南美斑潜蝇幼虫常潜入叶片下表层叶脉、叶柄和嫩茎中,因此药剂防治幼虫比较困难,但其成虫则常在叶丛上层活动,雌成虫也刺孔为害叶片,它们大量为害时常造成叶片枯死,甚至幼苗全株枯死。成虫又是此虫迁移扩散的唯一虫态,因此用药剂防治成虫不仅可间接减轻幼虫为害,也可防止成虫直接为害和扩散,为此,我们测定了蔬菜上几种常用农药对两种斑潜蝇成虫的触杀击倒毒性。１　材料和方法供试成虫系将采自温室豆苗繁殖出的蛹,置玻管中羽化,逐日收集,约２４ｈ后供试。供试药剂有下列１…     

新疆霍城县发现美洲斑潜蝇和南美斑潜蝇

1998年6月至1999年5月,在霍城县惠远乡农田和大棚温室种植的各种蔬菜上及杂草上首次发现斑潜蝇,采集带有隧道叶片和各虫态标本,经新疆伊犁农业学校杨四美教授鉴定为美洲斑潜蝇ＬｉｒｉｏｍｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａｅＢｌａｎｃｈａｒｄ,和南美斑潜蝇Ｌｉｒｉｏｍｙｚａｈｕｉｄ...     

温室黄瓜斑潜蝇的发生及其控制

斑潜蝇是蔬菜、花卉、瓜类等作物上的重要害虫.20世纪90年代初传入我国的美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blanchard、南美斑潜蝇L.huidobrensis(Blanchard)现已分布于除西藏外所有的省区.随着设施蔬菜栽培面积的增加及生态条件的改变,成为陕西温室黄瓜上危害最重、防治难度最大的一类害虫,造成的经济损失占温室黄瓜病虫害总损失的15%左右,为制订有效的综合防治措施我们对其进行了研究.     

武汉地区市售蔬菜、花卉上发现拉美斑潜蝇

拉美斑潜蝇 (Liriomyza huidobrensisBlanchard)又称南美斑潜蝇 ,是一种检疫性害虫 ,我国于 1 994年在云南嵩明县首次发现 ,目前分布在云南、北京、青岛等地。为了探明其在武汉是否有分布 ,笔者开展了调查研究。1　材料与方法2 0 0 0年 7月～ 2 0 0 1年 5月在武昌狮子山田间及菜场、武汉花卉市场、徐东花卉市场、武汉园林科学研究所花圃、武泰闸蔬菜批发大市场、东西湖区蔬菜技术推广站等蔬菜、花卉生产和销售地进行调查。采集有潜叶蝇的植物叶片 ,置养虫室保湿饲育。观察潜道特征和幼虫、蛹的特征 ;待潜叶蝇羽化体色稳定后 ,观察成虫外部…     

斑斑蝇类害虫药效调查方法——查蛹法

斑潜蝇类害虫以幼虫在作物叶片内取食叶肉 ,计数其叶内幼虫的死活非常困难 ,以前所采用的一些调查统计方法 ,误差大不能真实反应药效 ,或调查太复杂、工作量大 ,在几年来的试验中 ,根据实际情况采用了查蛹法进行药效的调查统计 ,该法科学、准确、简捷 ,解决了难于确定斑潜蝇幼虫死活的问题 ,能很好地反映防治效果。现将查蛹法简介如下１试验原理美洲斑潜蝇和南美斑潜蝇幼虫老熟后爬出虫道在叶外化蛹 ,幼虫死亡后就不能化蛹 ,可根据化蛹量判断其幼虫的存活情况 ,从而评价药剂的防治效果。２药剂选择与处理设置斑潜蝇以危害蔬菜为主 ,应选择内…     

贵州省发现南美斑潜蝇为害小麦

贵州省发现南美斑潜蝇为害小麦南美斑潜蝇是我省１９９６年新发现的危险性害虫,属列入贵州省植物检疫对象补充名单的害虫之一。南美斑潜蝇以幼虫潜入叶肉为害,叶正反两面均可遭为害,虫道多沿叶脉弯曲、叶肉被食后成白色或褐色,从而影响作物的光合作用,受害叶片早枯脱...     

贵州省检疫性斑潜蝇危害的产量损失研究

检疫性斑潜蝇除成虫取食和产卵造成危害外 ,主要以幼虫在植物叶片上下表皮间形成潜道取食叶肉 ,影响植物的光合作用 ,降低植物生长势 ,致使作物产量损失。贵州省自１９９５年发现美洲斑潜蝇、１９９６年发现南美斑潜蝇危害以来 ,对蔬菜作物及花卉造成较大危害 ,１９９７年至１９９９年 ,对检疫性斑潜蝇危害所造成的产量损失进行了田间测定 ,对其危害程度与作物产量损失之间的关系进行了初步研究。由于２种检疫性斑潜蝇生活习性相近 ,在田间多混合发生 ,作物产量损失是２种检疫性斑潜蝇共同危害的结果 ,故综合测定２种斑潜蝇危害的产量损失而…     

警惕螺旋粉虱传入中国

自从我国实行改革开放的政策以来,地膜、塑料大棚以及温室等保护地大面积推广,使得我国的蔬菜及花卉的生产和耕作方式发生了根本性的变化。最近几年,一些外来害虫,如美洲斑潜蝇Ｌｉｒｉｏｍｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａ、南美斑潜蝇Ｌｉｒｉｏｍｙｚａｈｕｉｄｏｂｒｅｎｓｉｓ...     

新疆发现南美斑潜蝇危害新疆杨

20 0 0年 4～ 1 0月间 ,笔者在岳普湖、巴楚县调查南美斑潜蝇时 ,发现蔬菜基地路、渠两侧栽植的新疆杨树干基部生出的小树的叶片上以及树干中下部生出的枝条的叶片上 ,有潜蝇的老虫道和新鲜虫道 ,一般一片叶片有虫道 1～ 2条 ,多者达 5条。采回带有新鲜虫道的叶片 1 9片 ,在室内保湿饲养 ,共饲养出南美斑潜蝇的蛹 5个 ,成虫 5头 ,平均每片叶片有虫 0 3头。南美斑潜蝇Liriomyzahuidobrensis (Blamchard)的寄主植物分布在 1 0多个科数 1 0余种 ,主要偏嗜芹菜、黄瓜、丝瓜、葫芦瓜、芸豆、豆角、番茄、辣椒等 ,未见其危害杨树的报道。新疆杨…     

拉美斑潜蝇的发生与防治

拉美斑潜蝇(Liriomyza huidobrensis)又称南美斑潜蝇是一种为害多种蔬菜和观赏植物的检疫性害虫,属双翅目(Diptera)、潜蝇科(Agromyzidae)、斑潜蝇属(Liriomyza)。1995年初,昆明动植物检疫局在云南口岸,从进口的农产品中截获,如果该虫传人我国,将对我国的农业造成重大损失,严重影响我国农产品的出口。美国就是因为对进口农产品检疫不当,使得该虫传人加利福尼亚州,然后又传到其它几个州,严重影响了当地的农业生产。拉美斑潜蝇最早是在阿根廷发现的,80年代初才被认为是属于新北区,或新热带区的昆虫。成虫利用产卵器将卵产于叶片,孵化后的幼虫在叶片中取食叶肉,使叶片产生坑道,影响植物光合作用,导致叶片枯萎,致使作物减产,农产品品质下降,甚至整株死亡。     

椰心叶甲幼虫空间分布及其抽样技术研究

本文采用多种聚集度指标对椰子树Cocos nuciferaL.上的椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima(Gestro)幼虫的空间分布型进行了研究,结果表明:椰心叶甲幼虫空间分布为聚集分布;其幼虫虫口密度在不同心叶及心叶不同部位上差异极显著,并且第一片心叶上幼虫虫口密度与整株幼虫数量显著相关,利用公式y=5.70+1.26x可推算整株椰子树的幼虫虫口密度。分析寄主受害斑与虫口密度的关系表明,寄主受害斑的长(x1)、宽(x2)、长与宽交互作用(x3=x1x2)三个因子与椰心叶甲虫口密度(y)成正相关,模型y=11.81-2.69x2+0.10x3可预测全树幼虫虫口密度。     

椰子木蛾幼虫在椰子树上的空间分布型及抽样技术

椰子木蛾Opisina arenosella Walker是近年入侵中国的有害生物,严重为害多种棕榈科植物。为了确定椰子木蛾幼虫在椰子树上的空间分布型及抽样技术,2015年12月采用分层随机抽样法在海南省儋州市对椰子树上的椰子木蛾幼虫进行调查,运用聚集度指标法、Iwao回归方程和Taylor幂法则对椰子木蛾幼虫在椰子树上的空间分布型进行了分析,对聚集均数(λ)进行检验,分析幼虫聚集的原因。结果表明:椰子木蛾的幼虫主要在椰子树的中下部叶片为害,有87.17%的幼虫分布在第3层、第4层和第5层叶片上,其中第4层叶片上幼虫数最多,平均每片大叶上有幼虫(22±7.42)头,占总数的42.62%;椰子木蛾的幼虫在椰子树上呈聚集分布,理论分布型符合负二项分布;其种群聚集是由某些环境作用引起的。根据Iwao的回归关系,确定椰子木蛾幼虫的最适理论抽样公式及序贯抽样公式,建立不同密度下的理论和序贯抽样数表。椰子木蛾幼虫主要分布椰子树中下部叶片上并呈聚集分布,本研究为该虫害的准确抽样调查和防治提供理论依据。     

First record of the tomato leafminer,Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Sudan

An outbreak of larvae and adults of a devastating moth was noted to be causing severe damage in tomato grown in greenhouses at Khartoum State, Sudan during June 2010. Symptoms included foliage mining and leaves drying. Photographs of symptoms and larvae and adults of the pest (and subsequently specimens) were sent to Russell IPM, UK and the Finnish Museum of Natural History for identification. The pest was identified as Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). This is the first official record of T. absoluta in Sudan, based on surveys in tomato production areas in Khartoum, Gezira, Red Sea and North Kordofan States and eggplant and potato in Khartoum State. Severe yield loss due to the serious feeding damage on foliage and fruits infestation was reported on tomato and eggplant fields at Khartoum State.     

运用一步法RT-PCR检测柑橘鳞皮病毒及其在橘橙不同部位中的全年分布

2005年5月到2006年4月逐月采样,运用一步法RT-PCR检测Citrus psorosis virus(CPV)在Dweet橘橙苗木叶片和枝皮中的分布。保存在控温温室中的Dweet橘橙病株中老叶、老皮、嫩叶和嫩皮全年都可以检测出CPV;保存在网室中的Dweet橘橙病株中老叶、老皮全年均能检测到CPV,而夏梢的嫩叶、嫩皮不能稳定地检测出CPV,春、秋梢的嫩叶、嫩皮均可检测到CPV,表明一步法RT-PCR检测CPV最佳取样部位为老叶和老皮。     

草坪害虫中喙丽金龟幼虫的空间分布与理论抽样数

本文采用扩散指标法和Iwao、Taylor回归法测定了上海辰山植物园内‘矮生百慕大’Cynodon dactylon×C.transvaalensis‘Tifdwarf’和日本结缕草Zoysia japonica上的中喙丽金龟Adoretus sinicus越冬幼虫的空间分布型。结果表明,中喙丽金龟幼虫在两种草坪草根部土壤中不同区域的密度相差较大(5~139头/m~2);幼虫在两种草坪草土壤中空间分布型均为聚集型的负二项分布,分布的基本成分为个体群。根据空间分布型的参数,确定了理论抽样数和Kuno序贯抽样方法。     

Effects of tangerine (Citrus reticulata) foliage age onStreblote panda larval development and performance

The effects ofCitrus reticulata Blanco (tangerine) foliage age on larval survival and performance of the lappet mothStreblote panda Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), a polyphagous Mediterranean species, were studied. Larvae were reared under controlled laboratory conditions on young and mature excised leaves of tangerine. Survival, duration of development, and post-ingestive indices of larval growth were determined. Mature leaves significantly reduced survivorship of early instar larvae. Larvae which were fed on mature leaves grew more slowly and were less efficient at utilizing plant biomass and nitrogen than larvae fed on young leaves. Growth rates were 30% higher on young leaves, overall efficiency of conversion of ingested food was greater also, as consequence of an increase of 46% in the assimilation efficiencies, whereas the efficiency of conversion of digested matter into larval biomass was similar in both food treatments. The rate of consumption of biomass was higher in mature leaves, but that of nitrogen was similar, indicating that mature leaves restricted growth primarily by restricting the efficiency of utilizing this nutrient. The nitrogen utilization efficiency was reduced more than 20%, and the relative accumulation rate of nitrogen was suppressed 30% for larvae on mature leaves, which may explain the protracted development time of larvae fed on mature leaves. Survival was consistently higher when larvae were fed with young leaves although no differences were found for mature larvae or pupae. No differences were found in pupal mass (a fecundity correlate) between food treatments. Our results confirm the bibliographic records ofCitrus spp. like host plants ofS. panda in Spain, but also suggest that much variation must be expected in the temporal and spatial incidence of this insect, depending upon the cultivated species, associated plant phenology and management techniques employed in the culture. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 28, 2005.     

小菜蛾在春茬甘蓝上的分布及其防治研究

系统调查了小菜蛾在春茬甘蓝不同生育期的分布规律。结果表明,在甘蓝莲座期,小菜蛾的卵主要产在甘蓝近地面的茎部、叶柄和叶背等比较隐蔽的部位,包心初期,大量的小菜蛾幼虫集中在甘蓝的心叶进行为害,进入包心后期,小菜蛾主要在甘蓝的内叶为害,进入收获初期,小菜蛾转移到外叶为害。〖JP2〗据此,甘蓝的包心初期和后期是对小菜蛾进行防治的两个重点时期,结合科学合理施药,在甘蓝的整个生长季节施药2~3次即可有效控制小菜蛾的为害。     

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera,Gelechiidae) in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Pheromone traps were placed in the market place in Banja Luka, and in greenhouses and open field tomato crops, on 13 September 2010 to determine the presence of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Banja Luka region. Based on examination of traps, the presence of T. absoluta was confirmed for the first time in the Republic of Srpska. Only mines of Liriomyza species were found by examining leaves under a stereomicroscope. In 2011, pheromone traps were placed in greenhouses at several locations (Banja Luka, Prijedor, Novi Grad, Kozarska Dubica, Ljubinje and Trebinje) at the beginning of June, and in open fields in Bijeljina and Trebinje at the beginning of September. Examination of the traps was carried out at intervals of 15 days. A sample of 100 leaves, taken from 20 randomly selected plants, was examined in order to evaluate the intensity of the attack. The first adults were caught in greenhouses in Ljubinje and Trebinje on 18 June 2011; in open field crops in Bijeljina on 9 September 2011 and in Banja Luka on 5 October 2011. Adults were not captured in Prijedor, Novi Grad or Kozarska Dubica, and no mined leaves were observed. The intensity of attack was evaluated on the basis of active infestation (percentage of leaves with active mines compared with all mined leaves). The strongest intensity of active infestation was recorded in the open field crops in Trebinje, where 19% of leaves with active mines were found.     

湖北省设施番茄灰霉病发生规律及流行因子分析

为探索湖北省设施番茄灰霉病的发生规律,揭示不同流行因子与番茄灰霉病发生的关系。于2013-2016年在湖北省武穴市吴谷英村番茄种植基地选取代表性番茄大棚进行调查和取样检测,结果表明:湖北省设施番茄叶片和花朵带菌率变化起伏较大,带菌率分别为0～90.0%和0～100.0%;叶片带菌率在3月下旬到4月中下旬和5月中下旬是高峰期;花朵带菌率在4月中旬和5月中下旬达到高峰期,总体上花朵带菌率较高。番茄不同组织灰霉病的发病时间不同,叶片首先开始发病,花、果实、茎秆再逐渐发病,花朵和果实的发病率相对较高,叶片和茎秆发病率较低;花朵和果实发病率均在5月中旬至6月初达到最大值,茎秆发病率于5月下旬至6月上旬达到最高值,叶片无明显发病高峰期。果实、叶片、花朵和茎秆的发病率分别为0～42.0%、0～24.7%、0～100.0%和0～32.0%。番茄叶片发病率、花朵发病率、茎秆发病率和相对湿度均与果实发病率呈显著相关;通过预测模型检验表明相对湿度和叶片发病率所建模型预测值和实际值符合程度较好。在湖北省设施番茄大棚中,叶片发病率、花朵发病率、茎秆发病率和相对湿度对番茄果实发病影响最为显著,在防治过程中应及时摘除发病组织,调控棚内环境条件,预防灰霉病发生。     

昆虫病原线虫对荔枝龟背天牛幼虫空间格局的影响及经济阈值研究

施用昆虫病原线虫对荔枝园中龟背天牛幼虫的空间分布型的影响不明显。该虫的空间分布仍符合负二项分布，同时也符合核心分布和复合波松分布；空间图式是聚集型。天牛幼虫于试验果园中的分布也与园的方位有关。