常绿白蜡扦插繁殖技术

以当年生和2年生枝条为扦插材料,用不同处理方法对常绿白蜡进行扦插育苗试验,考察影响常绿白蜡扦插生根的主要因子,结果发现激素种类为影响常绿白蜡嫩枝扦插生根主要因素,其次是插穗类型和浸泡时间,激素浓度影响较小。试验分析表明当年生枝条扦插生根效果比2年生枝条扦插生根效果更好。常绿白蜡嫩枝扦插试验最佳处理为取当年生枝条中部用浓度为500mg／kg的ABT生根粉1号溶液快浸10s,扦插后60天生根率达60％。     

蚯蚓粪、插穗部位与扦插时间对美国白蜡嫩枝扦插生根的影响

为解决美国白蜡嫩枝扦插苗生根率低、根系不发达等技术瓶颈问题,以1年生美国白蜡嫩枝为材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,研究蚯蚓粪、插穗部位和扦插时间对美国白蜡扦插繁育的影响。结果表明,不同蚯蚓粪配比、插穗部位和扦插时间对美国嫩枝扦插苗生根率、生根数量、最大根长和平均根长的影响差异达到显著水平。以基质3（蚯蚓粪∶蛭石=2∶1）为扦插基质插穗生根率最高,为90.24%;中部位置插穗生根率最优,为89.23%;8月份扦插的效果最好,生根率为91.56%。综上,以基质3为扦插基质,采用美国白蜡1年生枝条的中部位置为插穗,扦插时间为8月份上旬,扦插生根效果最佳,当年苗高达到95 cm左右。     

常绿白蜡扦插繁殖技术

以当年生和2年生枝条为扦插材料,用不同处理方法对常绿白蜡进行扦插育苗试验,考察影响常绿白蜡扦插生根的主要因子,结果发现激素种类为影响常绿白蜡嫩枝扦插生根主要因素,其次是插穗类型和浸泡时间,激素浓度影响较小。试验分析表明当年生枝条扦插生根效果比2年生枝条扦插生根效果更好。常绿白蜡嫩枝扦插试验最佳处理为取当年生枝条中部用浓度为500 mg/kg的ABT生根粉1号溶液快浸10 s,扦插后60天生根率达60%。     

白蜡无性系硬枝扦插繁殖技术

以1年生白蜡无性系枝条在不同插穗株龄、基质、生长素种类、生长素浓度及处理时间4个因素进行L9(34)正交试验,研究不同条件下白蜡扦插繁殖技术及生根过程中重要生根关联酶吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性动态变化。结果表明9个处理组合中,以处理9(5~6年生雄株1年生插穗、纯沙+纯珍珠岩+蛭石混合基质、IAA、100 mg/L、处理2 h)最优。白蜡扦插生根过程可分为愈伤形成期、不定根诱导期和不定根伸长期3个阶段,在生根过程中3种生根关联酶活性变化呈现规律性,不同处理间和各阶段3种酶活性差异显著,说明在白蜡扦插生根过程中,不定根的发生和伸长与这3种生根关联酶活性有密切联系。     

不同处理对春云实扦插生根的影响

为了获得春云实Caesalpinia vernalis适宜的扦插繁殖方法,以春云实当年生半木质化嫩枝和1年生木质化枝条为试验材料进行不同扦插枝条试验,并分别以基质类型(河沙,红壤,泥炭∶珍珠岩1∶1)、插穗长度(5～10 cm,10～15 cm,15 cm)和ABT1生根粉浓度(50 mg·kg-1,100 mg·kg-1,200 mg·kg-1)为试验因素进行春云实扦插正交试验。结果表明:春云实适合采用1年生木质化枝条进行春季扦插;生根粉浓度和插穗长度对扦插后各指标的影响均未达到显著水平,基质类型对扦插生根率和不定根长度的影响达到显著水平(P0.05)。综合考虑,春云实扦插宜在春季选取10～15 cm长度1年生木质化枝条为插穗,于100 mg·kg-1的ABT1生根粉中浸泡1 h,再扦插于消毒后的河沙基质,可获得较好的生根效果,其生根率可达71.85%。     

绯寒樱的扦插繁殖

采用绯寒樱组培苗的嫩枝、1年生组培苗枝条和大树枝半木质化的枝条为插穗进行扦插育苗试验.结果表明:以绯寒樱组培苗的嫩枝以及1年生组培苗枝条为插穗,用IBA粉剂500mg/L进行处理,扦插在黄心泥基质上,其生根率为93%和87%;以大树枝萌发的枝条为插穗,生根率也达到52%;试验证明,利用绯寒樱组培苗嫩枝、1年生组培苗枝条和大树枝的嫩枝都可以进行扦插育苗.     

药食两用植物鸡屎藤扦插育苗技术研究

采用一年生木质化枝条、半年生木质化枝条及嫩茎做插穗开展不同时间、不同基质、不同类型及不同浓度生根剂的鸡屎藤扦插育苗技术研究。结果表明:采用一年生枝条做插穗、以红壤+沙+椰糠3:1:1的混合物做扦插基质、用GGR6号100μg/ml处理插穗扦插效果较好;5月份是鸡屎藤扦插较好的时间。     

雪果硬枝扦插繁育技术研究

开展忍冬科观赏植物雪果(Symphoricarpos sinensis)温室硬枝扦插繁育技术研究,探讨扦插时间、扦插部位、插穗处理方法及扦插基质对生根率及生根数量、根系长度的影响,得出以下结论:最佳扦插时间为秋季(10月),最佳扦插部位为1年生枝条下部,插穗最佳处理方法为清水浸泡30 min,最佳扦插基质为东北泥炭+净沙(1∶2)的混合基质。     

溲疏扦插繁殖技术研究

通过对溲疏硬枝进行扦插繁殖的研究,结果表明:大花溲疏2年生枝条、以500 mg·L-1的NAA浸泡90 s、以珍珠岩为基质扦插成活率最高,达89.47%。     

穗花杉简易设施扦插育苗技术初探

为探索成本更低、更易于推广应用的穗花杉扦插育苗技术,在简易设施试验条件下,分别以3种扦插基质(10%泥炭+10%珍珠岩+80%黄心土混合基质、25%泥炭+25%珍珠岩+50%黄心土混合基质和50%泥炭+50%珍珠岩混合基质,上述分数为体积分数)、3个穗条年龄(1年生、2年生、3年生)及3种穗条叶片处理方式(全部去叶、留1/3叶长、保留全部叶片)进行扦插育苗试验。结果显示,在对穗花杉扦插生根率的影响上,各因子不同水平间存在极显著性差异。筛选出的最佳扦插方案为"10%泥炭+10%珍珠岩+80%黄心土混合基质、1年生半木质化枝条、保留全部穗条叶片",平均扦插生根率达到73.3%;最差扦插方案为"50%泥炭+50%珍珠岩混合基质、3年生枝条、穗条去除全部叶片",平均扦插生根率仅15.6%。若考虑移栽方便,也可用"25%泥炭+25%珍珠岩+50%黄心土"混合基质替代"10%泥炭+10%珍珠岩+80%黄心土"混合基质,此方案平均扦插生根率为68.9%。     

武汉地区三角梅遮光催花试验研究

本试验以1～3 a生的三角梅盆花为试材,以遮光处理为研究手段进行武汉地区三角梅花期调控试验探索,结果表明:在20～30℃的温度条件下,用栽培地布对三角梅进行连续遮光处理20 d,能完成稳定的花芽分化,继续遮光25 d可开花,并在此期间将腐熟的有机肥上清液稀释10倍灌根代替浇水能有效促进三角梅开花。     

Microscopic processes of shearing fracture of old wood, examined using the acoustic emission technique

We examined the process of microscopic fracturing peculiar to old wood, based on the generation characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) events and fracture surface analysis. The shearing tests of old wood obtained from construction-derived lumber and new wood within 3 years after lumbering were performed in accordance with the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS Z 2101-1994). The species of wood used in this study was Japanese red pine. The old wood had been used as a beam in a building for 270 years. The number of the occurrences of AEs at low load levels was larger in the old wood than in the new wood. As a result of analyzing the AE amplitude distributions, we found that the period in which AEs with small amplitudes were frequently generated was longer in the old wood than in the new wood. Also, the fracture surfaces after the final rupture under scanning electron microscope showed more uneven and complicated surfaces in the old wood. Based on the above findings, we presume that during the shearing test the old wood underwent a relatively long and stable progress of microcracking before the final fracture.     

北美红杉扦插育苗试验初报

为获取北美红杉大量的扦插苗木,通过不同扦插条来源、不同育苗基质、不同生长激素及不同生长激素浓度处理插条4因素3水平的正交试验,研究不同处理其对扦插苗生根率、根长、根数的影响.试验结果表明影响北美红杉插条生根的主要因素是扦插条,选用母树年龄小的枝条或采用树根基部1年生半木质化萌生条,用作扦插条的生根性能较好.以树根基部1年生半木质化萌生条用插条、蛭石作育苗基质、用200mg/L的ABT1号生根粉浸泡插条6h处理组合为最佳组合.     

建始县日本落叶松苗木分类造林试验研究

为了保证日本落叶松造林后林相整齐,减少苗木分化,提高林分质量,确保尽快郁闭成林。2009～2011年间,开展了苗木分类造林对比试验。结果表明:无论用哪个类别的苗木造林其成活率和保存率没有太大区别;造林后连续3 a地径、树高新生长依次为:1 a生超级苗>2a生Ⅰ级苗>2 a生混合苗>2 a生Ⅱ级苗。造林时,一定将苗木进行分类,在2 a生Ⅰ级苗用完后,可采用1a生超级苗造林,不提倡混合苗造林。     

不同树龄西南桦木材物理力学性质株内变异研究

对4种树龄西南桦木材物理力学性质株内变异进行测定分析的结果表明,西南桦木材物理力学性质在株内变异趋势随着树高的增加而降低;株内变异差异显著性t检验表明:7年生与11年生株内差异显著,15年生和19年生差异显著和不显著;3项木材力学主要指标与木材密度的相关系数随树高的增加呈降低表现.     

Reliability of field,greenhouse and cut‐shoot screening procedures for evaluating susceptibility of Scots pine to Melampsora pinitorqua

The reliability of field, greenhouse and cut‐shoot screening procedures for the assessment of the susceptibility of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) genotypes to Melampsora pinitorqua, the causal agent of twisting rust, was evaluated. Fourteen genotypes evaluated on half‐sib progenies after natural infection of 2‐year‐old plants showed comparable rank for rust susceptibility with those evaluated after controlled inoculation of 1‐year‐old seedlings in a greenhouse. The dynamic of pycnia production was assessed at 2‐day intervals in cut‐shoot assays under controlled conditions, giving reliable rankings of Scots pine genotypes between years and being significantly correlated with rust susceptibility assessed after natural infection of 2‐year‐old progenies. These results underlined the importance of some critical factors such as inoculum load and host phenology in the reliability of susceptibility evaluations assessed under different experimental conditions. Artificial inoculation of 1‐year‐old seedlings in greenhouse experiments could provide a useful early test for the management of Scots pine breeding programmes and study of inheritance of twisting rust susceptibility. However, in specific investigations the cut‐shoot assay would constitute a reliable laboratory test for studying host–pathogen interactions and the variability in pathogenicity of Melampsora pinitorqua populations.     

N concentration of old leaves and twigs is more sensitive to stand density than that of young ones in Chinese fir plantations: a case study in subtropical China

Young leaves are conventionally used in the analysis to study the nutrient status of evergreen plants and their responses to environmental changes, but the role of old leaves remains poorly understood. We selected two stand types in 31-year-old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations with similar soil conditions but different stand densities, to test the hypothesis that nitrogen (N) concentration of old leaves and twigs is more sensitive to stand density than that of young ones. Leaves and twigs were sampled and sorted into young (one-year-old) and old (two- and three-year-old) groups. Significant differences in N concentration and carbon: nitrogen ratio between the low-density stand and high-density stand were only found in the old leaves and twigs but not in the young ones. Although the N resorption efficiency did not vary significantly with stand density, the annual N resorption rates were increased in old leaves and relatively young twigs at high stand density. These results show the potential use of old tissues in the nutrient analysis in Chinese fir plantations. Testing the generality of these results could improve the use of foliar analysis as an indicator of nutrient status and environmental changes in evergreen tree species.     

杉木无性系生长表现和优良无性系选择

对营造在福建省洋口国有林场的10年生杉木无性系测定林进行调查分析得出:试验林总体生长表现较好,树高、胸径和材积生长在无性系间存在明显差异,达极显著水平;无性系的重复力均比较大,其中胸径和材积的无性系重复力达0.691和0.757,无性系的生长稳定性较好;通过综合比较,从试验林选择出优良无性系5个,10年生时平均材积遗传增益达23%以上,材积现实增益达30%以上,表现出明显的生长优势。     

柏木容器苗造林成效试验

长江流域中的巴东江北属亚热带半干旱地区,土层瘠薄,立地条件差,在生态项目实施过程中,笔者采用营养杯假植1a生柏木苗和1a生柏木实生苗在A区和B区进行造林试验,结果表明:用营养杯假植1a生柏木苗造林的方法能大大提高造林成活率和保存率以及幼苗的年生长量。     

林用车辆交流发电机性能检测及诊断试验台的设计

针对林用车辆交流发电机的检测要求,利用LabVIEW软件为平台,运用动态链接库技术,设计出一种新型的发电机性能检测及诊断试验台.该系统利用计算机技术,能实现参数的检测和判断功能,检测过程实现了自动化,检测结果显示直观,检测效率和精度高,易于操作,是替代目前在用试验台的最佳选择.