Agronomic Practices at Low Environmental Impact for Durum Wheat in Mediterranean Conditions

The application of conservative agricultural practices such as crop rotation, shallow tillage, and organic fertilizer could usefully sustain crop yield and increase soil fertility, thus playing an important role in the sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to determine the effects of conservative agronomic practices on yield and quality of wheat. The effects of these practices on soil fertility were further investigated in this four-year study (2005–2008). Two cropping systems, durum wheat in continuous cropping, and in two-year rotation with leguminous crops, were investigated at Foggia (Southern Italy) in rain-fed conditions. Within each cropping system, two levels of crop management were compared: i) conventional, characterized by a higher soil tillage management and mineral fertilizers application; ii) conservative, with a lower soil tillage management and organic-mineral fertilizers. The seasonal weather greatly affected the wheat yield and quality, inducing lower production in years that were characterized by unfavorable climatic conditions. This trend was found when the conventional treatment was applied, both in continuous cropping and rotations. The effects of cropping systems and crop management pointed out the positive role played by the leguminous crops (common vetch and chickpea) in crop rotation. This introduction improved wheat yield in rotation (6.47% compared to the continuous cropping), improved grain protein content (5.88%), and reduced the productive gap between conventional and conservative treatments (9.24 and 14.14% of the wheat in rotation and continuous cropping, respectively). Conversely, the effects of cropping systems and crop management on soil fertility were not very high, since the differences found at the end of the study in total nitrogen values were poor. However, total organic carbon (16.04 and 17.58% for cropping system and crop management, respectively) and available phosphorus values (11.30 and 7.43%) depend on root organic matter contribution, plant biomass residues, and fertilizations. The suitable crop rotation and the sustainable crop management appear important agronomical practices to improve yield and quality of wheat, and may reduce the environmental risks resulting from conventional intensive cropping systems.     

农业技术和气候变化对农作物产量和蒸散量的影响

随着农业生产条件的改善、品种改进和有利的气象条件的变化, 世界各地的作物产量得到大幅度提高, 但作物的蒸散量却未出现大幅度提高。本文以石家庄气象站1955~2007 年的气象资料为基础, 分析了河北省冬小麦和夏玉米生长期间主要气象因素变化, 结合中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站长期定位灌溉试验的研究结果, 分析了农业生产条件和气象因子变化对冬小麦和夏玉米产量及耗水量的影响。结果表明,1955~2007 年冬小麦和夏玉米生长季的气象因子发生了变化, 日照时数、相对湿度、风速、气温日较差显著降低, 最低气温、平均气温和积温显著升高, 气象因子的变化对作物总蒸散量未产生明显影响, 但由于降水减少,作物生长期间的灌溉需水量呈增加趋势。长期灌溉试验结果表明, 随着农业生产条件的变化和品种的改良, 冬小麦和夏玉米的产量不断增加, 而耗水量的增加幅度小于产量增加幅度, 夏玉米的耗水量呈稳定状态。节水技术的推广和应用对维持耗水量稳定起着非常关键的作用。     

干旱条件下APSIM模型修正及华北冬小麦产量模拟效果

干旱是影响华北地区冬小麦产量的主要农业气象灾害之一,作物生长模型是评估干旱对作物产量影响主要方法之一,但作物生长模型对极端天气气候条件下（如干旱）作物产量模拟效果仍存在不确定性。为提高作物模型在干旱条件下对作物产量模拟的精准性,该研究利用调参验证后的农业生产系统模型（agricultural production systems simulator,APSIM）,通过查阅与华北地区冬小麦相关的186篇大田试验文献获得1 876对观测数据,以作物水分亏缺指数为干旱指标,评估APSIM模型在冬小麦拔节-开花和开花-成熟阶段干旱对产量影响的模拟效果,提出APSIM在拔节-开花和开花-成熟阶段干旱对小麦产量影响的修正系数。基于历史气候条件、SSP245和SSP585未来气候情景资料,分析了冬小麦拔节-开花和开花-成熟阶段干旱时空分布特征,并采用修正系数校正后的APSIM模型评估华北地区冬小麦拔节-开花和开花-成熟阶段不同等级干旱对其产量的影响。结果表明,APSIM模型低估了拔节-开花阶段干旱对冬小麦产量影响程度,轻旱、中旱和重旱校正系数分别为0.85、0.91和0.85;APSIM模型可准确模...     

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth potential in the Slovak rural landscape

By the application of geographic information system (GIS) based on existing databases on soil characteristics, it is possible to quantify and assess categories of soil suitability important for crop cultivation. In this article we demonstrate such methods for winter wheat. The objective was to differentiate the Slovak rural landscape with respect to the possibility of effective winter wheat cultivation. The differentiation was based on soil climatic and production economic parameters. For soil categorization, correlation relationships between the site properties (soil and climatic conditions) and crop biological and agro-technical requirements were considered. The prediction was subsequently interpolated into four suitability categories: soils not suitable for wheat cultivation, less suitable soils, suitable soils, and very suitable soils. The database was developed and each area was added to it as well as the particular category of suitability for wheat cultivation. By using the GIS distribution in Slovakia, the maps of soil suitability categories for wheat cultivation were generated. In Slovakia, 29% of farmland was found to be very suitable for wheat cultivation, 25% suitable, 9% less suitable and 37% non-suitable by our calculations. These categories are characterized in detail and specified from the point of view of geographic, soil, climatic, production, economic and energetic parameters.     

Evaluating the Effect of Nutrient Levels of Major Soil Types on the Productivity of Wheatlands in Hungary

Soil nutrient status is one of the most important constituents of land productivity. The research presented in this article is aimed at describing the influence of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium availability on crop yields across the major soil types of Hungary, under different climatic conditions. For this purpose, historical times series data from a 5-year period (1985–1989) regarding soil, land management, and crop yield of more than 80,000 fields, representing approximately 4 million ha of arable land, were statistically analyzed. The database was recently recovered from statistical archives stored in the format of digital records of the early 1980s and were used to study the productivity of major soil types for winter wheat cropping under balanced fertilizer input. Calculations were made to quantify the effects of soil nutrient levels. The evaluation was also performed for optimal and suboptimal climate conditions. Results show that the effect of nitrogen availability (as obtained from organic-matter content) had the largest influence on winter wheat yields. Up to a 26% difference in yields was observed, both on those soils with balanced material regimes and on those with leaching material regimes, under optimal climatic conditions. The effect of different levels of phosphorous was most significant under optimal climatic conditions on soils with balanced material regimes, reaching up to 17% difference between soils with very low and high phosphorous levels. The effect of different levels of potassium was the least significant in soils with balanced material regimes (maximum 8% difference among categories) and somewhat more pronounced in soils with leaching material regimes. Differences between the effects of nutrient levels due to climatic variation were also observed. According to our findings, stable production can be planned on croplands with average nutrient availability, regardless which of the two soil types they belong to. On the other hand, yield gap can be detected on fields with both low and high nutrient levels among optimal and suboptimal years, for all three nutrients [nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (N–P–K)] of the analysis. Although our findings are based on historical data, most of the main relationships described are valid under current climatic and management conditions as well.     

气候变化对我国主要粮食作物产量的影响及适应措施

过去几十年气候变化对我国主要粮食作物产量产生了重要影响,为了研究作物产量对气候变化的响应和适应,保障粮食安全,基于国内相关研究文献,分析归纳了研究方法,综述了国内小麦、玉米和水稻等主要粮食作物产量对气候变化的响应和适应,得出如下结论:（1）作物产量对气候变化响应的研究方法主要包括田间试验观测、统计分析和作物模型模拟等方法,其中田间观测法最直观,统计分析法可操作性强、应用最为普遍,作物模型模拟机理性强,可以定量描述气候因子对作物产量的影响,外推效果好;（2）近几十年来,小麦生育期内气温升高和辐射变化使我国北方小麦增产0.9%~12.9%,南方小麦减产1.2%~10.2%;气候变暖对玉米产量贡献率为-41.4%~0.4%;水稻生育期内气温升高和辐射增强有利于东北地区水稻产量增加,增产贡献率为1.01%~3.29%,而辐射减弱对长江流域等南方主要水稻种植区的水稻产量（长江流域晚熟稻除外）产生不利影响;（3）未来气候变化情境下小麦应从延长生殖生长期、增加籽粒数量和提高收获指数等方面培育新品种应对气候变暖对作物产量的不利影响;耐高温和长生殖生长期的玉米品种可以用来应对气温、降水等气候因子的变化;水稻则应选育耐高温品种应对气温和辐射等因子的变化所带来的作物生产上的风险。     

Exploring biophysical potential and sustainability of wheat cultivation in Uruguay at the national level

Abstract. A methodology is presented that explores soil survey information at the national level (1:1 M), generating sustainability indicators for wheat cultivation in Uruguay. Potential yields were calculated for simplified crop production situations under several constraints, such as limitation of water availability calculated from soil physical properties and climatic conditions, and limitation of nutrient availability calculated from soil fertility and climatic conditions. Land quality sufficiency was examined by comparing these yields with the constraint-free yield conditioned only by solar radiation, temperature and the crop's photosynthetic properties. Crop growth was simulated only for areas suitable for the defined agricultural use. Model runs were repeated with inclusion of a topsoil loss scenario over 20 years as defined from an erosion risk analysis. Comparison between crop growth simulations for the two situations, gives an indication of the changes in land quality status, which supplies an indicator for agroecological sustainability.
On the basis of crop growth simulation it is concluded that wheat production constraints in Uruguay appear to be mainly related to water availability limitations, while nutrient availability is near optimal for the suitable soils. The simulated loss of topsoil impacts most on soil physical properties, expressed in reduced water-limited yields. Soil fertility status, evaluated by change in nutrient-limited yields, was little affected by the scenario.     

不同灌水条件下施硫对冬小麦碳、氮、硫物质积累及产量的影响

2009～2010年在河南农业大学科教示范园区,以2个中筋小麦品种多穗型豫农949和大穗型兰考矮早8为供试材料,设置不同灌水次数和施硫试验,研究不同灌水条件下施硫对冬小麦碳、氮、硫物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,随灌水次数的增加,两品种小麦干物质积累量逐渐升高,且在开花期和成熟期干物质积累量表现为S60显著高于S0;施硫结合灌水1～2次可提高小麦干物质在各器官的积累量,以子粒干物质积累量最多,茎+叶、穗轴+颖壳次之,而各器官分配无显著差异;补施硫肥提高了子粒中氮和硫的含量,但随灌水次数的增加子粒和营养器官中氮含量呈下降趋势,以W0处理含量最高。随着灌水次数的增加,两品种穗粒数、千粒重和产量呈升高趋势,且以S60W2处理达到最大值,较S0W0处理增幅达34.29%,品种间达显著差异,豫农949表现优于兰考矮早8。综上所述,本试验条件下,施用硫肥60 kg/hm2结合灌水1～2次有利于冬小麦干物质和碳氮硫积累分配及产量的提高,品种间对硫的响应有差异。     

陇东地区几种旱作作物产量对降水与气温变化的响应

研究作物产量对气候变化的响应,对于指导区域农业生产,保障粮食安全和生态安全具有一定的理论指导意义。结合大田试验与农业生产系统模拟模型(Agricultural Production Systems Simulator,APSIM),在验证模拟研究区冬小麦、玉米和紫花苜蓿产量可靠性的基础上,分析5个降水变化梯度(降水量不变、降低10%和20%、升高10%和20%)和5个气温变化梯度(不变、降低1.5和1℃、升高1.5和1℃)组合情景下3种作物的产量变化趋势。结果表明:APSIM模型在试验点对3种作物籽粒产量和生物量的模拟精度较高,决定系数R2在0.80~0.93之间,归一化均方根误差在11.35%~22.48%之间,模型有效系数在0.53~0.91之间。冬小麦、玉米和紫花苜蓿在气温升高、降水量减少的情景下减产,减产的最大幅度分别为38.7%、40.3%和41.8%;冬小麦、紫花苜蓿的在气温降低、降水量增加时增产,增产的最大幅度分别为29.8%和51.7%;玉米在降水量增加、温度不变的情景下增产幅度最大,为22.0%。总之,在研究范围内,3种作物的产量随降水的增加而增高;玉米的产量随气温升高先增高后降低,另2种作物的产量随气温的升高而降低;紫花苜蓿适应气候变化的能力最强。结果对明确黄土高原地区主要作物的生产走势,制订农业布局、管理措施等具有一定意义。     

Fertilizer Use and Wheat Yield in Central and Eastern European Countries from 1986 to 2005 and Its Implication for Developing Sustainable Fertilizer Management Practices

Economic and political challenges impact agricultural practices, production efficiency, and crop yields. We hypothesize that increased conversion efficiency of fertilizer to crop yield resulted from changes in fertilizer management in Central and Eastern European countries. Efficient nutrient management depends on fertilizer applied, management practices, and weather, which impact uptake, utilization efficiency, and crop yield. Trends in fertilizer consumption and wheat yields from 1986 to 2005 were studied for five countries. There were significant differences in yield gap, defined as the difference between potential and actual yields. Partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen fertilizer (N) is calculated from real and modified indices. A predictive metric is introduced based on the quantity of unworked, or nonproductive, N (N_uw). Sustainable cropping practices reduce N_uw and yield gap. Improved knowledge of crop responses to balanced plant nutrition at the country level contribute to improved agricultural and environmental policies and enhance production sustainability.     

Actual and potential yield for rainfed and irrigated wheat in China

The parametric water use and crop yield model (YIELD) was applied to China and Korea in order to examine the responses of potential and actual winter wheat yield parameters necessary for optimal crop production in that region. A network of 241 stations provided the seasonal climatic input, consisting of data averaged over approximately a 20 year period. Among the results, highest annual yields under full irrigation occurred in the Yangtze River area, Yunnan—Szechwan—eastern Tibet, Korea and the northeast, and the upper Huang Ho River. Lowest yields were calculated for the northwestern interior. High annual yields exceeded 5–6,000 kg ha^?1. Under rainfed-only conditions, the management efficiency of wheat production was higher in many regions than cases with full irrigation. In order to achieve optimum crop yields, about 400 mm of irrigation water was needed in the northwest, contrasted with none required in the south and east of China. A sensitivity analysis was applied to determine the degree of error introduced by faulty, uncertain, or missing environmental input data for the stations utilized in this study.     

粮食产量预测理论、方法与应用Ⅳ.粮食估产理论、模型及其应用

粮食估产的"通道-概率"理论:把属于最近通道的历年来的产量划分为5个气候年型通道,即丰产年、偏丰年、平产年、偏欠年、欠产年;计算产量出现在5个气候年型中的频率作为概率使用,估产年的初始估产值等于预测年各通道内平均产量与概率之积的和;估产值等于初始估产值与气候年型修正参数之积,专家根据当年气候条件和作物长势实时确定修正参数。预报单元为全国、省和县。应用结果表明:国家尺度上不需要修正,省和县级尺度需要气候年型参数修正;预测误差在3%以内;所述估产理论严谨、方法简单,参数少,参数来自原始数据本身和专家经验,易于推广使用。     

花后脱叶对冬小麦产量形成和水分利用效率的影响

受水资源日益短缺的影响,提高作物水分生产效率显得越来重要,通过调控冠层大小减少蒸腾水分消耗是其中的一个手段。该文通过水分胁迫条件下不同程度脱叶和不同水分条件下脱叶-不脱叶的田间试验（附以相应盆栽试验）,研究了减少蒸腾器官对冬小麦光合特性、干物质转移、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：脱叶增强了保留叶片的光合能力;水分胁迫下的脱叶促进了干物质由保留叶片和茎向籽粒产量的转移,其中30%和60%脱叶最为显著;30%和60%脱叶水平没有对产量产生明显影响,而90%脱叶造成产量大幅降低;水分胁迫条件下脱叶减少了对土壤储水的消耗,但高强度的脱叶（90%）产量降低明显,反而降低了水分利用效率。研究结果显示,干旱缺水条件下,适度减少蒸腾器官的数量,可以实现在不影响产量条件下减少蒸腾耗水,增加土壤储水量,有利于作物度过水分胁迫期。     

Ursachen kleinräumiger Ertragsschwankungen im bayerischen Tertiärhügelland und Folgerungen für eine teilschlagbezogene Düngung

Site effects of small-scale yield variation in the Tertiary hills north of Munich (Germany) and conclusions for site specific farming The effect of numerous soil factors on small-scale yield variation of winter wheat and spring barley were examined: soil structure and soil texture, soil nitrate content and soil water at different times, P_CAL-, K_CAL-, N_t- and C_t-content, pH, soil microbiology characteristics, relief, root growth and important plant diseases. The varying annual influence of soil parameters on crop yield was interrelated with climatic factors. In soils with low sand content soil productivity was largely influenced by soil structure. This effect was less pronounced on soils with medium sand content. On sandy soils, however, yield was reduced by available water capacity. Yield potential was also lowered by frequent cereal growing associated with take-all root desease of winter wheat. High yield variation from year to year confirmed that a site-specific crop management should consider annual variability of yield in addition to soil conditions and yield measurement. Site-specific N fertilization should be adapted to the actual progress of plant growth.     

Development,growth, and nitrogen use of autumn- and spring-sown facultative wheat

Spring-sown crops are expected to have a higher risk of drought during summer in the next decades in Central Europe due to expected climate change. Therefore, a two-year experiment was conducted under Pannonian growing conditions in Eastern Austria to investigate the effect of autumn- and spring-sowing of facultative wheat. Autumn-sowing of facultative wheat enhanced crop development, soil coverage, crop stand height, crop growth rate, and nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency during the vegetation period compared to spring-sowing; duration of growth stages was prolonged and crops were earlier ripe. In contrast, spring-sowing resulted in higher relative growth rates, higher N concentrations of aboveground dry matter, higher relative N uptake rates, and more mineral N in the soil. At harvest, grain yield and yield components ears m^?2 and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were higher in autumn-sown than in spring-sown wheat, resulting thereby in an increased seed yield. Spring-sown wheat had higher N concentrations in grain and in straw. Anyhow, N yield was slightly higher with autumn-sowing due to the higher grain and straw yields. Grain and straw yield, plant stand height, ears m^?2, and TKW were impaired in the second experimental year by a severe drought for both sowing dates as well as N concentrations and N yields of grain and straw, partial factor N use efficiency and N utilization efficiency. But the yield components harvest index, grains m^?2, and grains ear^?1 were strongly impaired with spring-sowing under drought conditions. Thus, autumn-sowing of wheat resulted in higher yield stability across both years, based on these yield components highlighting possible benefits of autumn-sowing with expected summer drought under climate change.     

甘肃省冬小麦水分盈亏指数的改进及其应用

冬小麦是甘肃省主要粮食作物,水分是限制该省旱作冬小麦生产最主要的因素,降水时空分布不均造成冬小麦干旱常年发生,因此准确监测甘肃省冬小麦干旱及定量评估灾害损失可为决策部门制定农业防灾减灾措施及保障区域粮食安全提供科学依据。利用甘肃省1981—2014年3个农业气象观测站土壤水分和冬小麦生育状况观测资料,38个冬小麦种植县气象资料、产量资料及干旱灾情资料,考虑冬小麦休闲期土壤储水及生育期水分盈亏量修订了作物水分盈亏指数,修订后作物水分盈亏指数与土壤储水、冬小麦产量要素和产量损失相关性较高,能客观、准确、定量地反映干旱对甘肃冬小麦产量的影响;利用水分盈亏指数分别建立冬小麦产量要素和产量损失评估模型。结果表明:产量要素评估模型均通过0.01水平显著性检验,产量损失评估模型大部分通过0.05水平显著性检验。产量要素评估模型回代结果与冬小麦产量要素实测值间均通过0.01水平的F检验;产量损失评估模型验证结果表明,68.4%种植县通过0.05水平F检验,基本能准确评估全省大部分地方干旱对冬小麦产量造成的损失。修订后作物水分盈亏指数能客观反映甘肃省冬小麦干旱,建立的评估模型能准确评估干旱对冬小麦造成的损失,具有一定的应用价值。     

河北平原中低产区小麦与玉米生产现状及增产潜力分析

本文基于2000—2013年MODIS/NDVI遥感信息与主要粮食作物的统计数据,分析了河北平原中低产区冬小麦和玉米生产的时空格局,并利用各县粮食作物主要生育期累积NDVI的逐年值、14年的最大值及单产统计数据,采用最小二乘法原理,进行数值曲线拟合,构建了单产遥感估测模型,估算了河北平原中低产区冬小麦和玉米的增产潜力。结果表明:1)冬小麦在邯郸和衡水的最大生产力水平较高,在沧州、廊坊及邢台中部的最大生产力水平较低,即后者挖掘增产潜力之后也很难达到前者的最大生产力水平;玉米的最大生产力水平普遍较高,挖掘增产潜力后均可达到较高的生产力水平。2)冬小麦和玉米总产增产潜力在沧州和邯郸较大;冬小麦单产增产潜力多低于10%,平均增产356 kg?hm?2(5.87%);玉米单产增产潜力多高于10%,平均增产798 kg?hm?2(12.33%);单产增产潜力区域分布不同,冬小麦为廊坊保定沧州邯郸邢台衡水,玉米为邢台邯郸保定沧州衡水廊坊。3)以河北平原近14年来作物累积NDVI的最大值估算的全区冬小麦增产潜力为3.90亿kg,玉米增产潜力为9.62亿kg,二者合计可增产13.52亿kg,约相当于区域冬小麦和玉米理论可达增产潜力的1/5。本文估测粮食作物增产潜力的方法可以应用于估测多尺度范围、不同作物的增产潜力,研究结果可为相关部门的决策和管理提供依据。     

Legume–barley intercropping stimulates soil N supply and crop yield in the succeeding durum wheat in a rotation under rainfed conditions

Legume–cereal intercropping is increasingly being appreciated in dryland areas, where severe climatic conditions and intensive agricultural practices, generally dominated by continuous cereal cultivation, determine depletion of soil nutrient resources and decline of soil fertility. This research aimed to assess whether and to what extent a newly introduced legume-based intercropping system is able to ameliorate the biological fertility status of an arable soil in a way that is still noticeable during the succeeding durum wheat cropping season in terms of changes in bacterial community structure, soil C and N pools, and crop yield. A field experiment was carried out under rainfed conditions in Southern Italy on a sandy clay loam soil cultivated with durum wheat following in the rotation a recently established grain legume (pea, faba bean)–barley intercropping. Soil chemical, biochemical and eco-physiological variables together with compositional shifts in the bacterial community structure by LH-PCR fingerprinting were determined at four sampling times during the durum wheat cropping season. Soil fertility was estimated by using a revised version of the biological fertility index. Results showed that even though the microbial biomass was significantly altered, the preceding legume intercrops stimulated C-related functional variables thus leading to an increased release of mineral N, which was larger in crop treatments succeeding pea-based than faba bean-based intercropping. The increased N made available in soil enabled the succeeding durum wheat to achieve an adequate grain yield with a reduced N-fertilizer use. Soil type and environmental conditions rather than crop treatments were major determinants of bacterial community structure. The biological fertility status was not varied, suggesting that in intensively managed rainfed areas long-term crop rotations with intercropped legumes are needed to consistently ameliorate it.     

Quantifying the fine scale (1km × 1km) exposure,dose and effects of ozone: Part 2 estimating yield losses for agricultural crops

In Britain wheat is an important crop accounting for 41% of the total cereal production. In this study ozone concentrations for 1989 estimated as described in Part 1 of the paper are integrated with the estimated wheat distribution to derive a detailed estimate of the impact of ozone on wheat yields at a fine spatial scale (1km × 1km). These data provide estimates for calculating regional and national yield losses. The methodology can be applied to other crop species. Recent research on a range of crops has established relationships between the economic yield loss for certain crops, including wheat, and ozone exposure. Exposure is described as the accumulated exposure above a threshold experienced during the daylight hours (AOT). Critical AOT values are derived from yield exposure relationships which show linear reductions of yield loss with increasing ozone concentrations. This study has made use of land cover data from remotely sensed imagery at 25m resolution and nationally collected agricultural statistics for counties. These data were combined using an areal interpolation technique to provide more spatially articulate estimates of the location and intensity of wheat production. The results demonstrate the economic importance of ozone as a pollutant. Wheat yield losses attributed to ozone vary between different parts of the country but, for years when ozone levels are high, yield losses are likely to be significant in some areas.     

Stability analysis for grain yield of winter wheat in a long-term field experiment

The current study is based on a long-term field experiment that was conducted at the Rauischholzhausen field station of the University of Giessen (Germany). It includes six different crop rotation systems (CRSs), three mineral nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments and the varying annual weather conditions (AWCs) over 25 years (1993–2017). To ensure new insight into wheat cropping systems that have high yield stability, the dataset was assessed using different methods of stability analysis, including eco-valence, biplot and risk analysis. The results show that the factors which influence grain yield variation in winter wheat can be ranked in the following order: (1) N fertilization; (2) AWC; and (3) CRS. Compared to winter rye as the preceding cereal crop, field bean as the preceding legume crop had a clearly positive effect on the grain yield stability of winter wheat. Furthermore, the higher N fertilization level led to more stable grain yields of winter wheat for all investigated CRSs. Overall, in this study, crop rotation and N fertilization had a high impact on the yield stability of winter wheat. These are important factors to consider in agronomic management decisions under the increasingly difficult environmental conditions caused by climate change.