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Rosas-García NM 《Pest management science》2006,62(9):855-861
Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) with insecticidal activity against the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were developed and tested under laboratory and field conditions. The formulations were prepared using biodegradable polymers such as modified corn starch as an encapsulating agent, gelatin as an adherent, powdered sugarcane as a feeding stimulant and a Bt var. kurstaki GM-34 strain from a non-sugarcane region as the active ingredient. The spore-crystal complex of this strain was mixed at three different concentrations (30, 70 and 100 g kg(-1)) with the other ingredients. The blends were prepared as spray-dried and granular formulations, and then submitted to laboratory tests with two day old larvae of D. saccharalis and field tests in sugarcane crops with natural sugarcane borer infestation. Spray-dried formulations in laboratory bioassays caused mortality near 100% with all three concentrations, and granular formulations caused mortality around 84%. The field tests showed that spray-dried formulations at 70 and 100 g kg(-1) concentrations were as effective as a commercial bioinsectide (Lepinox), while granular formulations were ineffective. 相似文献
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苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt营养期杀虫蛋白Vips主要分为Vip1、Vip2和Vip33种。Vip1和Vip2构成二元毒素,对叶甲科昆虫具有特异杀虫活性。Vip3对鳞翅目昆虫具有广谱杀虫活性,该蛋白广泛存在于Bt中,与已知杀虫晶体蛋白ICPs没有序列相似性。Vip3通过诱发细胞凋亡,最终导致昆虫死亡,这与Btδ-内毒素的作用机理完全不同,Vips的发现对于Bt的进一步开发利用具有重要意义。本文主要对营养期杀虫蛋白Vips的分布、特性、作用机制及应用等进行报道。 相似文献
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苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt营养期杀虫蛋白Vips主要分为Vip1、Vip2和Vip33种。Vip1和Vip2构成二元毒素,对叶甲科昆虫具有特异杀虫活性。Vip3对鳞翅目昆虫具有广谱杀虫活性,该蛋白广泛存在于Bt中,与已知杀虫晶体蛋白ICPs没有序列相似性。Vip3通过诱发细胞凋亡,最终导致昆虫死亡,这与Btδ-内毒素的作用机理完全不同,Vips的发现对于Bt的进一步开发利用具有重要意义。本文主要对营养期杀虫蛋白Vips的分布、特性、作用机制及应用等进行报道。 相似文献
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苏云金杆菌菌种保藏 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用8种方法保藏18个Bt菌株5~23年,结果表明,不同保藏方法对Bt菌株的存活率和毒效存在不同程度的影响。这些菌株平均存活率为29.3%~80.3%。除保藏5年的MP┐342外,较高者有79007(18年)57.5%,82612(15年)56.9%;最低为016(22年)29.3%。不同保藏方法平均存活率排序:土壤保藏A(55.5%)>沙管保藏A(53.0%)>虫尸保藏A(47.5%)>土壤保藏B(43.5%)>沙管保藏B(38.7%)>虫尸保藏B(36.6%)>石蜡保藏(31.6%)>滤纸保藏(30.1%)。沙管、土壤和虫尸3种方法适用于Bt的菌种保藏 相似文献
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荧光增白剂对苏云金芽孢杆菌毒力的增效作用及其缈外防护功效 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
测试了3种荧光增白剂Tinopal LPW,VBL和JD-3对苏云金杆菌杀虫剂杀棉铃虫初孵幼虫毒力的影响,并检测了荧光增白剂VBL作为佐剂在Bt受紫外线照射的兴保护功效。结果表明,这3种二苯乙烯类光增白剂以10g/kg与Bt复配后的LC50值与不加荧光增白剂的Bt的LC50值相比,其增效比值分别为:1.23、1.49和2.00。说明这3种荧光增白剂对Bt杀铃虫的活性有不同程度的增效作用。而且复混剂(10g/kg荧光增白剂VBL+Bt)在紫外线处理8h后,其杀虫活性仍保持70%以上,说明了荧光增白剂VBL是Bt一种好的光保护剂,能提高Bt抗紫外线的能力。 相似文献
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苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt)是目前应用最为广泛的一类微生物农药。本文分析比较了我国及美国Bt产品登记和安全评价等情况,并对Bt制剂的风险评价进行了分析。Bt菌株不是人或其他哺乳动物的已知病原体,对哺乳动物无毒性、感染性和致病性;其种群数量在环境中呈逐渐减少趋势,无残留风险;对非靶标昆虫的生存和繁殖及土壤微生物群落结构无显著影响。 相似文献
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Takashi Yamamoto 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2022,47(2):47
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used as sprayable pesticides for many decades. Bt strains utilized in these products produce multiple insecticidal proteins to complement a narrow insect specificity of each protein. In the late 1990s, genes encoding Bt insecticidal proteins were expressed in crop plants such as cotton and corn to protect these crops from insect damage. The first Bt protein used in transgenic cotton was Cry1Ac to control Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm). Cry1Ab was applied to corn to control Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer). Since these insects have developed resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab, new Bt proteins are required to overcome the resistance. In order to protect corn furthermore, it is desired to control Diabrotica virgifera (Western corn rootworm), Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm). Recently, many new Bt insecticidal proteins have been discovered, but most of them require protein engineering to meet the high activity standard for commercialization. The engineering process for higher activity necessary for Bt crops is called optimization. The seed industry has been optimizing Bt insecticidal proteins to improve their insecticidal activity. In this review, several optimization projects, which have led to substantial activity increases of Bt insecticidal proteins, are described. 相似文献
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苏云金杆菌超低容量油剂的研制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bt的有效成分是蛋白晶体和休眠芽孢,对许多化学物质敏感,原药在非极性溶剂中容易沾连,试验采用特殊助悬剂解决了原药在溶剂中容易沾连的难题,使再悬浮能力大大提高。得到配方2挥发性19.6%,开口闪点71.0℃,毒力稳定性97%(加速贮藏),粘度3.5,各方面均能达到应用要求,而二元配方3在性能上也较好,挥发性17.0%,闪点70.5℃,粘度2.5。原料成本降低,但毒力稳定性有所下降(69%),采用配方2进行田间小区试验施用效果良好,防治效果与乳剂相当。 相似文献
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具杀线虫活性的苏云金杆菌筛选研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Bioassay of 51 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus had been studied in laboratory. Two of them had higher toxicity to B. xylophilus. Extraction of endotoxin and exotoxin of the two isolates to B. xylophilus showed the action of exotoxin higher than that of endotoxin. 相似文献
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苏云金芽胞杆菌分离过程中无晶体芽胞杆菌的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究选择了在苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)分离过程中发现的与Bt芽胞相似、没有伴胞晶体的8株芽胞杆菌,对其种属、质粒等生物学特性和杀虫活性进行了初步研究.对分离菌株所产芽胞进行形态观察及质粒图谱分析,发现其与Bt相似;但肽指纹图谱分析和16S rDNA聚类研究表明所分离菌株与蜡样芽胞杆菌B.cereus(Bc)匹配最高;杀虫活性测定表明这8株菌对猿叶甲Colaphellus bowringi幼虫均无毒杀作用,而15-3、W23-1和W25-3 3个菌株及其培养上清液对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella幼虫有一定的杀虫活性,说明它们能产生活性物质.这些结果说明在Bt菌株的分离过程中要对无晶体菌株加以重视,其含有的活性物质具有潜在的研究和利用价值. 相似文献
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松毛虫质型多角体病毒对苏云金杆菌的增效作用 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
苏云金杆菌 (Bt)和昆虫杆状病毒是两种开发应用较广的高效、无毒的生物杀虫剂。Bt相对杆状病毒 ,具有杀虫广谱、速效 ,但残效期短 ,易产生抗性 ;杆状病毒具有杀虫专一、效果好、有继代传播的后效作用 ,但杀虫速度慢。Bt与昆虫病毒混用可产生增效作用[1] 。本实验室研制了松毛虫质型多角体病毒 (DendrolimuspunctatusCPV ,DpCPV)和Bt加上适宜助剂和填充料混配而成的松毛虫微生物杀虫剂。作者通过以松毛虫作供试虫 ,采用孙云沛[2 ] 法 ,对Bt和DpCPV进行了联合毒力测定。1 材料和方法1 .1 供试虫… 相似文献
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