板栗不同品种果实对炭疽病的抗性

板栗6个不同品种的果实对炭疽病的抗性差异显著，对与抗性有关的过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化物酶同工酶及SOD同工酶的分析表明：过氧化氢酶及过氧化物酶活性与板栗果实抗病性密切相关；过氧化氢酶活性越低，过氧化物酶活性越高，果实的抗性越强；过氧化物酶同工酶及SOD同工酶谱在一定程度上表明了品种间果实的抗性差异。     

大豆连作的过氧化氢酶活性与根系分泌物

本文通过试验对大豆连作胁迫下土壤中过氧化氢酶活性进行了研究，结果表明，过氧化氢酶活性下降幅度很大，连作3年酶活性下降21.4％。过氧化氢酶活性的明显下降，使其解毒能力减弱，从而导致土壤中过氧化氢的积累，对大豆根系毒害作用加重。由于根系受毒害作用，使根系吸收养分受阻，在营养胁迫下，又使根系分泌物的种类和数量都发生改变。反过来，又抑制了土壤中酶活性。为此，我们认为这是连作胁迫条件下产生的生化互作效应（Allelopathy），也是连作下产生生物障碍的主要原因。     

Protein kinase C beta and prolyl isomerase 1 regulate mitochondrial effects of the life-span determinant p66Shc

The 66-kilodalton isoform of the growth factor adapter Shc (p66Shc) translates oxidative damage into cell death by acting as reactive oxygen species (ROS) producer within mitochondria. However, the signaling link between cellular stress and mitochondrial proapoptotic activity of p66Shc was not known. We demonstrate that protein kinase C beta, activated by oxidative conditions in the cell, induces phosphorylation of p66Shc and triggers mitochondrial accumulation of the protein after it is recognized by the prolyl isomerase Pin1. Once imported, p66Shc causes alterations of mitochondrial Ca2+ responses and three-dimensional structure, thus inducing apoptosis. These data identify a signaling route that activates an apoptotic inducer shortening the life span and could be a potential target of pharmacological approaches to inhibit aging.     

重金属污染土壤H2O2预处理的植物修复技术研究

采用反应平衡法并结合盆栽试验研究了H2O2对重金属污染土壤的活化作用及对后续植物修复中重金属根际效应的影响.研究表明污染土壤施入H2O2后,水溶性总铜、总锌均较对照有显著的增加,说明H2O2对污染土壤重金属的活化有很强的效果.Fe2+加入使重金属活性降低,施加量越高,土壤溶液水溶性铜锌含量越低.经H2O2预处理的土壤栽种黑麦草后将进一步溶出铜锌,其中,对黑麦草根际水溶态铜含量的影响比锌显著.H2O2预处理并不改变污染土壤重金属的主要存在形态,但经H2O2预处理的土壤栽种黑麦草后,水溶态+交换态铜含量增幅较大说明经H2O2预处理重金属在土壤中的结合强度可能减弱,易于受根际的影响而活化.H2O2预处理土壤栽种黑麦草后,弱专性吸附态铜锌均明显增加、残渣态铜锌减少.即提取试验和盆栽试验结果均表明H2O2预处理对提高土壤中重金属的生物有效性、促进植株吸收重金属效果显著.     

姜荷花观赏苞片衰老生理和永生花的制作技术

姜荷花(Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.)是姜科姜黄属草本球根花卉,不育苞片在长圆形穗状花序上呈荷花状排列,花型雅致。本研究以姜荷花品种“清迈粉”为研究对象,对姜荷花自然生长状态下花序衰老过程中观赏苞片的丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等生理生化指标进行了测定,以期通过对上述指标的研究为延长自然生长状态下姜荷花苞片观赏期奠定基础,结果表明：随着观赏苞片衰败进程,苞片持续受到活性氧伤害,在苞片全部展开达到盛花期时,SOD清除超氧根离子的能力达到顶峰。苞片初花期在清除过氧化氢起重要作用的是CAT,而苞片衰败期POD在清除过氧化氢中起重要作用。盛花期时,观赏苞片中脯氨酸含量最高,超氧化物歧化酶活性最强,耐逆性最佳。另外,本研究探索了姜荷花永生花制作技术,该技术的出现既可丰富永生花的产品种类,又可以为花卉产业带来经济效益,实际应用价值较高。     

1-MCP对‘绿宝石’梨采后成熟衰老期间H2O2含量及其相关酶活性的影响

为探讨1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对梨果实采后成熟衰老过程中过氧化氢(H2O2)代谢的作用,试验以‘绿宝石’梨为材料,用1.0 μL/L 1-MCP密封处理24 h,空气密封为对照,研究1-MCP对‘绿宝石’梨室温(25±2)℃贮藏过程中果实硬度、可溶性同形物含量(SSC)、呼吸速率、H2O2含量、抗氧化酶活性[超氧化...     

Phosphorylation of ULK1 (hATG1) by AMP-activated protein kinase connects energy sensing to mitophagy

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved sensor of intracellular energy activated in response to low nutrient availability and environmental stress. In a screen for conserved substrates of AMPK, we identified ULK1 and ULK2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase Atg1, which is required for autophagy. Genetic analysis of AMPK or ULK1 in mammalian liver and Caenorhabditis elegans revealed a requirement for these kinases in autophagy. In mammals, loss of AMPK or ULK1 resulted in aberrant accumulation of the autophagy adaptor p62 and defective mitophagy. Reconstitution of ULK1-deficient cells with a mutant ULK1 that cannot be phosphorylated by AMPK revealed that such phosphorylation is required for mitochondrial homeostasis and cell survival during starvation. These findings uncover a conserved biochemical mechanism coupling nutrient status with autophagy and cell survival.     

人H1启动子转录shRNA的细胞种属特异性研究

利用siDirect软件预测绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因特异性小干扰RNA(siRNA),将人工合成的相应shRNA插入含人H1启动子的pSuper载体,获得表达载体pSuper-shRNA,再将H1-shRNA插入表达GFP基因的peGFP-N1载体,获得表达载体peGFP-H1-shRNA。分别以pSuper-shRNA peGFP-N1和peGFP-H1-shRNA转染COS-1、293-T、鸡胚肝(CEL)和鸡胚成纤维(CEF)细胞,根据相同条件下GFP阳性细胞数及荧光强度变化判断产生的siRNA对GFP基因表达的沉默作用,比较人H1启动子在哺乳动物和禽源细胞中的转录活性。结果表明:人H1启动子在2种哺乳动物细胞中能有效转录shRNA,但在2种禽源细胞中的转录活性很弱,提示在禽源细胞中表达siRNA和进行基因沉默研究应选用禽源启动子。     

河北涉县产地黄乙醇浸提物的抗氧化活性研究

为研究地黄不同部位乙醇浸提物的抗氧化活性能力,采用DPPH法、过氧化氢清除法、还原能力测定法三种评价体系,研究了河北省涉县产地黄不同营养器官乙醇浸提物的抗氧化活性。结果表明:(1)地黄不同营养器官乙醇浸提物均具有抗氧化活性,在实验质量浓度范围内,随浓度的增加,其抗氧化活性不断增强,当浓度达到一定值时抗氧化活性趋于稳定;(2)地黄不同营养器官乙醇浸提物对DPPH自由基清除能力为:叶根茎;对过氧化氢清除能力:根叶茎;还原能力:叶根茎。     

钙离子胁迫对槲蕨孢子体叶的影响

为解析钙离子胁迫对槲蕨孢子体叶片生长影响的生理机制,以两年生槲蕨孢子体叶为实验材料,观察了钙离子胁迫对孢子体叶的影响。将温室培养的两年生槲蕨植株移栽至直径18.5 cm的花盆中,以蛭石为基质,置于光照培养箱,浇施霍格兰德营养液7d后,分别浇施含有不同钙离子含量的霍格兰德营养液,处理14天,根据槲蕨叶片的形态变化确定处理浓度。取0、600、1200 mmol?L-1钙离子浓度处理的槲蕨叶片测定脯氨酸含量、甜菜碱含量、电导率含量、超氧阴离子含量、过氧化氢含量、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶活性、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶活性和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性。结果显示：槲蕨孢子体叶的脯氨酸含量随着钙离子处理浓度的逐渐增加逐渐升高,而甜菜碱含量在1200 mmol?L-1显著升高;电导率、超氧阴离子和过氧化氢的含量随着处理浓度的升高而增加;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性随着处理浓度的增加而增强;表明钙离子浓度在1200 mmol?L-1以下时主要产生渗透胁迫作用。     

蜂胶对体外培养的血管内皮细胞增殖活力的影响

本试验旨在研究蜂胶对体外培养的血管内皮细胞增殖活力的影响。试验以体外培养的血管内皮细胞作为模型,用100μmol／L过氧化氢诱导血管内皮细胞损伤后,以四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法检测细胞增殖活力,BudR渗入法检测细胞DNA合成。结果表明质量浓度为4mg／L的蜂胶可促进正常血管内皮细胞增殖（P〈0．01）,可明显抑制过氧化氢诱导的血管内皮细胞的损伤（P〈0．01）。     

过氧化氢胁迫粟水提取物的羟自由基清除活性与成分分析

比较了粟的不同水提取物的羟自由基清除活性,并用不同浓度的过氧化氢进行粟的胁迫萌发研究.在温度30℃、pH值7.0、萌发48h的条件下,分析了过氧化氢对幼芽的外观生理形态、粟种的发芽率及其胁迫粟水提取物的羟自由基清除作用的影响,对浓度1.5ml/100ml的过氧化氢胁迫粟水提取物的主要成分进行了测定.结果表明:过氧化氢浓度在0～1.5ml/100ml范围时,粟产生适应性反应,对萌发有促进作用;在浓度1.5ml/100 ml时,发芽率为92.3%,羟自由基清除率可达53.4%,比水萌发清除率(10.1%)提高了4倍多;浓度大于1.5 ml/100 ml时,则抑制粟种子萌发.过氧化氢胁迫粟萌发,有助于提高其营养保健价值.     

拟南芥AtOHRP1在氧化胁迫应答中的功能初探

C3HC4 RING finger结构在植物非生物胁迫应答中发挥着重要作用。在对拟南芥基因组进行生物信息学分析过程中发现,NP_195772.1含有一个C3HC4 RING finger保守结构域。基因表达分析显示该基因受H2O2显著诱导。其突变体对高光、过氧化氢、高盐以及黑暗等胁迫高度敏感,叶片白化现象显著,相对叶绿素含量较于野生型也有明显降低,故将其命名为AtOHRP1(Arabidopsis thaliana Oxidative Hypersensitive RING Finger Protein 1)。通过分析氧化胁迫后植物体内过氧化氢的含量及抗氧化酶活性的变化,发现突变体体内有更多过氧化氢的积累且活性氧清除系统中关键酶,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性比野生型降低明显。表明AtOHRP1在氧化胁迫等非生物胁迫过程中发挥着重要的生理功能。     

Prevention of rapid intracellular degradation of ODC by a carboxyl-terminal truncation

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was converted from a protein with a short intracellular half-life in mammalian cells to a stable protein by truncating 37 residues at its carboxyl terminus. Cells expressing wild-type protein lost ODC activity with a half-life of approximately 1 hour. Cells expressing the truncated protein, however, retained full activity for at least 4 hours. Pulse-chase experiments in which immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis were used confirmed the stabilizing effect of the truncation. Thus, a carboxyl-terminal domain is responsible for the rapid intracellular degradation of murine ODC.     

Expression of a platelet-derived growth factor-like protein in simian sarcoma virus transformed cells

The near identity of the partial amino acid sequence of human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and that predicted for p28sis, the putative transforming protein of the simian sarcoma virus (SSV), suggests expression of a growth factor activity may be central for transformation by SSV. It is now reported that SSV-transformed cells but not control cells contain a growth factor activity that is identical to PDGF in immunoassay, in mitogenic dose response, and in specific mitogenic activity. The protein immunoprecipitated by antiserum to human PDGF has an apparent molecular weight of 20,000, identical to that of p20sis, the putative intracellular degradation product of p28sis. The results support the concept that expression of a PDGF-like molecule, which appears to be the product of the viral-sis gene, is responsible for the abnormal regulation of growth is SSV-transformed cells.     

Increased nuclear NAD biosynthesis and SIRT1 activation prevent axonal degeneration

Axonal degeneration is an active program of self-destruction that is observed in many physiological and pathological settings. In Wallerian degeneration slow (wlds) mice, Wallerian degeneration in response to axonal injury is delayed because of a mutation that results in overexpression of a chimeric protein (Wlds) composed of the ubiquitin assembly protein Ufd2a and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthetic enzyme Nmnat1. We demonstrate that increased Nmnat activity is responsible for the axon-sparing activity of the Wlds protein. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SIRT1, a mammalian ortholog of Sir2, is the downstream effector of increased Nmnat activity that leads to axonal protection. These findings suggest that novel therapeutic strategies directed at increasing the supply of NAD and/or Sir2 activation may be effective for treatment of diseases characterized by axonopathy and neurodegeneration.     

稻壳生物炭老化对烤烟生长发育的影响

老化作用会对生物炭的化学和生物性质产生不同程度的影响。为了探索稻壳生物炭老化对烤烟生长发育的影响,本研究采用室外盆栽方法,共设置了5个处理,其中处理A1不施用生物炭（CK）,处理A2～A5分别使用新鲜稻壳生物炭、水洗老化、施用15%过氧化氢老化、施用30%过氧化氢老化。结果表明：与CK相比,A4处理的烤烟农艺性状最优,其株高高出14.94 cm,茎围增加1.40 cm,最大叶面积增加207.78 cm2;A2～A5处理的土壤容重降低9%～10%,烟株根系体积增加3%～70%,根系活力提高30%～81%,但主根长度却减少了6.5%。综上,生物炭老化对烤烟生长发育有一定的提升作用,以A4处理（施用15%过氧化氢老化）的综合效果最优。