新的鱼类保鲜剂——二氧化氯

自从美国允许使用二氧化氯(ClO2)保存某些果蔬以来，其它领域也引起了重视。二氧化氯在标准状态下无色或淡黄色，粉末状时为乳白色。无臭或略带二氧化氯味。比重为1．1±0．01。pH7．5～9．5(一年后稍升高)。在水中很快溶解。无腐蚀作用。较稳定(一年内约下降0，04％)。在100ppm浓度下，藻类10天死亡，鱼类不死．二氧化氯具有杀菌作用、     

中华绒螯蟹对二氧化氯耐受性的研究

研究了中华绒螯蟹对二氧化氯的耐受性，结果表明：在水温21-24℃时，中华绒螯蟹对二氧化氯在24、48、72、96h的LC50值分别为6．5、6．0、4．8、3．6mg／L，安全浓度值为1．58mg／L。中华绒螯蟹对稳定性二氧化氯溶液的耐受性强于二氧化氯水溶液。     

二氧化氯消毒剂对幼蟹养殖的影响

二氧化氯(ClO2)作为一种生产上常用的水产养殖消毒剂，其杀菌效果显著；而且在24小时内对水质指标具有明显的改善作用，诸如氨氮，亚硝态氮浓度下降等。在不换水的淡水养殖条件下，二氧化氯对于幼蟹的存活率和自然生长影响不大．同时对水质pH值也不会产生较大变动，但是在药物浓度达到5μg/l以上时可以导致幼蟹出现大规模死亡现象。研究表明，二氧化氯的除菌效果较为理想，当浓度达0．5μg/l时除菌率就可以达到95％以上。实际生产上建议使用0．1--0．5μg/l之间的浓度，效果较为理想。     

二氧化氯和三氯异氰脲酸对鱼类3种致病菌的杀灭试验

对肠型点状产气单胞杆菌，嗜水气单胞菌和柱状曲桡杆菌进行复壮．将分离纯化的3种菌用二氧化氯和三氯异氰尿酸进行抑菌、杀菌效果研究。结果表明：二氧化氯对肠型点状气单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌、柱状曲桡杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别是0．17、0、17、0．06μg／mL，最小杀菌浓度分别是0．23、0．23、0．17μg／mL；三氯异氰脲酸对上述3种菌的最小抑菌浓度分别是6．25、12．5、6．25μg／mL，最小杀菌浓度分别是12．5、25．0、6．25μg／mL。     

丁Gui（Tinca tinca）对5种常用药物的敏感试验

通过预备性试验，初步确定丁Gui在克虫王、硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁合剂、固体二氧化氯、聚维酮碘、福尔马林中48h内死亡0～100％时的浓度范围．然后按寇氏法(Kaurber)设计正式实验，求得5种药物对丁Gui鱼种的最低致死剂量浓度范围、中间忍受限和安全浓度。结果表明：丁Gui对5种药物的敏感性由强到弱依次为：克虫王、硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁合剂、固体二氧化氯、聚维酮碘、福尔马林。     

10种甲鱼致病菌对二氧化氯的敏感性测定

测定了二氧化氯对１０种甲鱼致病菌在营养肉汤中的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）和在池塘水中的最小杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）。结果表明：二氧化氯在肉汤中对病原菌有一定抑菌效果，对其中６种菌的ＭＩＣ小于２５μｇ／ｍｌ；二氧化氯在池塘水中的杀菌效果较理想，对其中７种致病菌的ＭＢＣ小于６．２５μｇ／ｍｌ；以作用３０ｍｉｎ杀菌效果最佳。二氧化氯用于甲鱼病害防治是一种较有前途的药物。     

10种于致病菌对二氧化氯的敏感性测定

测定了二氧化氯对１０种甲鱼致病攻在营养肉汤中最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）和在池塘水中的最小杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）。结果表明：二氧化氯在肉汤中对病原菌有一定抑菌效果，对其中６种菌的ＭＩＣ小于２５μｇ／ｍｌ；二氧化氯在池塘水中的杀菌效果较理想，对其中７种致病菌的ＭＢＣ小于６．２５μｇ／ｍｌ；以作用３０ｍｉｎ杀菌效果最佳。二氧化氯用于甲鱼病害防治是一种较有前途的药物。     

二氧化氯及其在水产养殖中的应用技术初探

目前二氧化氯已广泛应用于食品、食品加工业、饮料工业、纸浆漂洗、饮用水消毒、污水处理、除臭和保鲜,甚至用于人的口腔消毒。它被世界卫生组织(WHO)列为A1级高效安全消毒剂。但由于该消毒剂的特殊性,在推广过程出现伤人死鱼等事件。现就二氧化氯及其在水产养殖中应用问题作初步探讨。1二氧化氯消毒杀菌原理及制剂种类比较1．1二氧化氯消毒杀菌的原理二氧化氯分子式为ClO_2,分子量是67．45。二氧化氯在常温下为黄红色气体或红色爆炸性的结     

“一种水产养殖维生系统”获得国家实用新型专利授权

正日前,由中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所董宏标、张家松等人完成的"一种水产养殖维生系统"获得国家实用新型专利授权,专利号为ZL201621308763.3。该实用新型公开了一种水产养殖维生系统,用于工厂化循环水养殖领域,包括养殖池、水处理系统和输送系统。其中,养殖池和水处理系统通过排水管相连,输送系统包括设在水处理系统内的投物仓、设在养殖池内的射流输入装置以及可将投物仓内的养殖投入品随水流经进水管泵入射流输入装置的水泵。采用水产养殖维生系统养殖期间包括饲料、碳源、益生菌、微量元素的养殖投入品均经投物     

一元性二氧化氯的制备及应用评价

二氧化氯是当今水产养殖中常用消毒剂之一。由于它在消毒杀菌、防腐保鲜及水质改良等方面具有独特功效，受到各地普遍关注。然而近年来市场上供应的大多为二元性包装固态二氧化氯制品．即由一元亚氯酸钠与另一元酸化剂组成的。可是不少渔民对此种产品操作上感到不便．尤其对它发出一种有刺激性的黄绿色气味颇有微词．也有人反映其危害池岸作物生长。对此笔者通过认真的调查研究及参阅国内外有关文献，从而选择多种简捷的制备方法，并分别进行试制比较及评述。     

海洋暖化和酸化对黄姑鱼早期生长发育的影响

以黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)为研究对象,根据IPCC 2013典型浓度排放路径(RCP)对2100年海洋温度和p H的预测值,分别选择减缓温室气体排放情景(RCP 2.6)和高温室气体排放情景(RCP8.5),设置温度和p H两个因素,在实验室条件下模拟气候变化,探究海洋暖化和酸化对黄姑鱼早期生长、发育的影响。结果显示,在基础温度24.0℃条件下,黄姑鱼进入稚鱼期的时间为25 d,高温处理(26.0℃~28.0℃)生长加快,仅为22 d,同时,随着温度升高(26.0℃、26.6℃和28.0℃),生长率逐渐增加(0.73、0.74和0.78 mm/d),并且各处理组之间生长率存在显著差异(P0.05),但死亡率在26.6℃最高,26.0℃最低。黄姑鱼死亡率在p H为7.80、7.73和7.49时分别为3.9%、19.4%和21.7%,各处理组死亡率差异显著(P0.05),但p H对黄姑鱼早期生长率影响不显著(P0.05)。通过逻辑斯蒂生长方程拟合,结合IPCC对2100年温度和p H的预测,到2100年,在RCP 2.6情景下,黄姑鱼早期生长率为0.71 mm/d,死亡率为31.1%;在RCP 8.5情景下,黄姑鱼生长率最高达到0.76 mm/d,死亡率为23.9%。在海洋酸化和暖化的共同作用下,黄姑鱼的早期补充将会受到影响。     

印度洋东部黄鳍金枪鱼的渔业生物学

根据在印度洋东部海域的延绳钓生产实践 ,对所渔获的黄鳍金枪鱼 (Thunnus albacares)群体的构成、繁殖等基本生物学特征进行了初步探讨。结果显示 ,渔获黄鳍金枪鱼纯重范围为 10～75 kg,叉长范围为 80～ 15 0 cm,纯重、叉长关系为 W=1.5 2 7× 10 -5L3,渔获构成月间变化明显 ,不同年龄个体性成熟与繁殖节律差异显著     

大西洋金枪鱼延绳钓主要渔获种类及其分布

根据收集的有关文献和海上调查资料，分析了大西洋金枪鱼延绳钓生产的主要渔获品种的生物学特性、捕捞生产情况及管理措施等。此外，还根据FAO建立的金枪鱼生产数据库，采用GIS软件制作了大西洋金枪鱼延绳钓主要渔获种类捕捞产量的地理空间分布图。并分析了其资源的空间分布特征。     

Status quo and prospects of fishing technology of ocean fishery of China

报道了我国大洋渔业技术现状,评述了技术水平、发展趋势,分析渔业技术存在的问题,提出了大洋渔业可持续发展应当进行的研究课题及建议。     

Morphometric analysis of four different populations of Penaeus monodon (Crustacea,Decapoda, Penaeidae)

The morphological variation of Penaeus monodon was studied based on the morphometric analyses of samples collected throughout Banda Aceh, Khanom, Mozambique and Sanya. A total of 470 samples were investigated using eight measurements. Multivariate analyses [principal components (PCA), discriminant function (DFA) and cluster analyses (CA)] revealed obvious morphometric differences among the four geographical populations. PCA indicated that the first three components of the females and the first two components of the males accounted for 75.17% and 71.84% of the total morphological variability respectively. In DFA, the overall assignment of female and male individuals into their original population was 78.95% and 84.37% respectively. For females, the proportion of individuals correctly classified into their original population was 76.0%, 92.8%, 92.6% and 54.5% for population 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. For males, the proportion was 97.2%, 68.1%, 100% and 72.2% respectively. For females and males, CA showed that the four populations could be divided into two main clusters of morphological characteristics. CA also indicated that the morphological variation of population 3 was greater, whereas the morphology of population 2 was strikingly similar to that of population 4.     

Movements and behaviors of swordfish in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans examined using pop‐up satellite archival tags

Swordfish are highly specialized top‐level predators that have been challenging to study. In this paper, data from 31 pop‐up satellite archival tags attached to swordfish from (i) the eastern Pacific, (ii) central Pacific, and (iii) western North Atlantic‐Caribbean were analyzed. Common across locations was a pronounced diel vertical pattern with daytime hours spent primarily below the thermocline and nighttime hours spent in warmer waters, close to the surface. One exception to this pattern was periodic daytime basking events which were most common in cooler waters off California. Maximum daytime depths were significantly correlated with light penetration as measured by the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm. Temperature did not appear to influence daytime depths, and swordfish tolerated both extremely low temperatures (4°C) and rapid and dramatic temperature changes (>20°C). Temperature did appear to influence the nighttime depths in the Pacific where fish typically remained in the surface mixed layer. In contrast, in the warm tropical Atlantic this was not the case, and nighttime depths were much deeper. In all areas, nighttime depth increased around the full moon. Given the parallels between the vertical movement patterns of swordfish and those of the deep sound scattering layer we suggest that swordfish vertical distribution patterns, especially during daytime, are influenced largely by resource availability. At night, when swordfish are typically targeted by fisheries, both ambient light and temperature influence movements. Understanding vertical movement patterns of swordfish can help evaluate gear vulnerability, improve population assessments, and potentially reduce fisheries bycatch.     

Distribution patterns and population structure of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans

The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is the most frequently captured shark in pelagic oceanic fisheries, especially pelagic longlines targeting swordfish and/or tunas. As part of cooperative scientific efforts for fisheries and biological data collection, information from fishery observers, scientific projects and surveys, and from recreational fisheries from several nations in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans was compiled. Data sets included information on location, size and sex, in a total of 478,220 blue shark records collected between 1966 and 2014. Sizes ranged from 36 to 394 cm fork length. Considerable variability was observed in the size distribution by region and season in both oceans. Larger blue sharks tend to occur in equatorial and tropical regions, and smaller specimens in higher latitudes in temperate waters. Differences in sex ratios were also detected spatially and seasonally. Nursery areas in the Atlantic seem to occur in the temperate south‐east off South Africa and Namibia, in the south‐west off southern Brazil and Uruguay, and in the north‐east off the Iberian Peninsula and the Azores. Parturition may occur in the tropical north‐east off West Africa. In the Indian Ocean, nursery areas also seem to occur in temperate waters, especially in the south‐west Indian Ocean off South Africa, and in the south‐east off south‐western Australia. The distributional patterns presented in this study provide a better understanding of how blue sharks segregate by size and sex, spatially and temporally, and improve the scientific advice to help adopt more informed and efficient management and conservation measures for this cosmopolitan species.     

Broad‐scale movements and pelagic habitat of the dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus off Southern Australia determined using pop‐up satellite archival tags

We investigated the broad‐scale movements and pelagic habitats of large juvenile dusky sharks (Carcharhinus obscurus) off Southern Australia. Pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on three large juvenile dusky sharks (～2.2–2.6 m total length) for 6 months in Spencer Gulf during 2010. Tagged dusky sharks all migrated westward and across the Great Australian Bight (GAB) during autumn to offshore shelf waters off Western Australia. Estimated minimum distances travelled ranged from 1760 to 2736 km. Depths occupied by tagged dusky sharks ranged from the surface to 355 m. The most common thermal ranges occupied were 19–22°C. Broad‐scale movements of large juvenile dusky sharks across the continental shelves combined with periods of residency in semi‐protected gulf waters indicated that a multi‐jurisdictional management approach may be appropriate for this species.     

海况条件对海水养殖网箱性能的影响

根据１９８９－１９９年自行设计制作的网箱在海区中的使用情况,介绍了浮式网箱和浮沉式网箱的结构和设置方法,并就潮流,波浪等海况条件对网箱性能的影响进行了研究,阐述了纲索、风铱,网线等网箱材料的安全负荷和使用规格。     

印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓主要渔获种类及分布

根据印度洋金枪鱼管理委员会IOTC的金枪鱼生产数据库,对1967-2004年间印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓主要渔获种类的产量按年进行汇总和基于5度格网进行了空间上的统计,采用GIS软件制作了印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓主要渔获种类的捕捞产量的地理空间分布图,分析了其资源的空间分布特征。分析结果表明,大眼金枪鱼Thunnus obesus、黄鳍金枪鱼Thunnus albacares、长鳍金枪鱼Thun-nus alalunga和剑鱼Xiphias gladius是印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓的主要渔获种类,其产量之和占到总产量的90%,这4种印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓的主要渔获种类从1967-2004年的产量均呈上升趋势,但产量的峰谷变化各不相同;空间分布特征研究表明,尽管在印度洋海域分布范围广泛,但产量丰沛的区域存在明显差异。