鸡骨型白血病骨细胞X线影像与电镜影像变化

用人工诱发与自然病例作研究对象,经X线胫骨摄片确定OP诊断后,选择有代表性的30例,按诊断结果分成5组:OP轻度阳性( )14例,中度阳性( )4例,重度阳性( )6例,OP可疑(±)3例,阴性(-)对照3例。取胫骨中段骨组织作超薄切片行透射电镜检查对比,以观察两者的相关性。结果3例X线OP阴性鸡电镜所见为正常,骨细胞和哈佛氏管等超微结构无异常改变。X线OP可疑组和各阳性( 、 、 )组,每组均检出病毒粒子,其大小形态与超微结构都与C型肿瘤病毒相似,为放射学诊断提供了病原证据。X线诊断为OP可疑和各组阳性的病例电镜观察全部有超微结构上的改变…     

鸡骨型白血病免疫琼扩与放射摄片诊断的比较

为了探索特异性免疫学诊断方法对鸡骨型白血病(OP)的检测效果。用双盲法分批采样同时进行羽髓琼脂扩散试验和胫骨X线摄片检查对比,共检834只鸡(433羽属天然自发OP鸡群,401羽属人工诱发实验鸡群)。结果羽髓琼扩试验的OP阳性检出率为3．48％(29／834：)。阳性病理符合率为75．86％(22／29)。阳性误诊(假阳性)率24．13％(7／29),阴性误诊(假阴性)率36．15％(291／805)。而X线摄片检查的OP阳性检出率为38．37％(320／834)。X线阳性完全可获病理组织学证实,不存在假阳性或假阴性。把禽白血病羽髓琼扩试验试用于检测鸡骨型白血病尚属初次报道,其阳性检出率低而误诊率高,尚不宜作OP检测手段。放射摄片诊断的阳性检出率高而误诊率低,可快速诊断,故适用于OP检疫。     

人工诱发鸡骨型白血病及其血清学与放射学诊断比较

本文在国内首次报告用骨型白血病患鸡抗凝全血接种 10日龄鸡胚绒毛尿囊腔 ,诱发本病获得成功 ,经X线摄片检查 ,检出发病率为 4 1 3% (19/ 4 6 ) ,其中重度阳性率为 4 2 11% (8/ 19) ,可早在 2 1日龄X线检出病变 ,其中最早有2例于 15日龄临床上已表现出症状。同时用患鸡血腹腔接种 1日龄雏鸡 ,同样诱发出本病 ,X线摄片检查发病率为36 79% (39/ 10 6 ) ,其中重度阳性率为 10 2 6 % (4/ 39)。与腹腔接种法相比 ,两种接种方式所获阳性率无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但重度阳性率差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。对人工诱发病鸡作禽白血病特异性血清学诊断 ,其中羽髓琼扩试验 (AGP)检出阳性率为 4 4 9% (4/ 89) ,酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)为首次试用于OP ,检出阳性率为 12 3% (15 / 12 2 )。另对 12 0例生产鸡群老龄鸡进行诊断性普查 ,放射学阳性检出率为 34 17% (41/ 12 0 ) ,AGP试验阳性检出率 1 6 7% (2 / 12 0 ) ,ELISA试验阳性检出率 4 17% (5 / 12 0 )。表明血清学的AGP与ELISA法对OP不敏感 ,可致能反映OP病变存在的X线阳性鸡大量漏诊。     

鸡骨质石化病(骨型白血病)的综合诊断研究

鸡骨质石化病（OP）尚缺乏有效可行的现场诊断方法，作者用放射学、免疫学、病理组织学、电镜观察和血清生化等方法，对497只鸡（其中生产场种鸡265只、人工诱发OP实验与对照鸡232只）进行诊断试验比较，结果用放射学检出OP阳性率为13．68％（68／497），可疑率为5．23％（26／497）。免疫学（羽髓琼扩）随机检查214例，检出阳性率仅为4．67％（10／214）。病理组织学抽样20例病骨检查（其中阴性2例、可疑6例、不同程度阳性12例）诊断结果均与放射学诊断结果一致，并证实可疑鸡已有轻度病理改变，应视为阳性。抽样5例（含1例阴性）病骨作电镜观察，4例阳性均可见病毒粒子。实验组与对照组102只鸡血清生化学检查：磷、碱性磷酸酶、球蛋白及总蛋白虽有统计学差异，但不足以作为诊断依据。综合各种诊断方法，认为放射学的检出率最高，具有在生产现场诊断OP的实际价值。     

猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的X线诊断在种猪进口检疫上应用的研究

本文在国内首次以放射诊断的方法试用于猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的口岸检疫取得良好效果。通过与血清学、细菌学检疫方法的比较并和病理剖检对照,经5批共442头进口种猪检疫的实地应用,表明X线诊断具有较高的检出率和较大的准确性,X线萎鼻阳性检出率达49.55％(219/422),而同群猪的血清学和细菌学只分别检出6.89％(64/929)和6.62％(65/982),X线检出率较血清学和细菌学分别高7.2倍和7.48倍。X线还从血清学和细菌学阴性猪中分别检出48.88％(174/356)和48.54％(183/377)的萎鼻阳性。抽检58例X线萎鼻阳性猪作病理剖检对照,100％获得病理剖检的证实。但剖检有萎鼻病变的78个病例中,血清学和细菌学只分别检出6.41％和37.18％的萎鼻阳性。故建议今后应把X线诊断正式列为萎鼻的检疫手段,以提高对萎鼻的检疫效果。     

青海牦牛结核病调查研究

对青海牦牛2590头,进行结核病自然感染调查,检疫结果:阳性4例(0.15％),可疑98例(3.79％);以PPD检出率较高。剖检5头(阳性3、可疑2),4例的肺、脾、肝有少数结节;病理组织学检查,1例呈典型结核结节结构,但细菌学检查阴性。说明青海省的牦牛存在自然感染的结核病。     

猪体内猪痢疾密螺旋体的净化试验

共用15头猪痢疾病猪和康复猪作试验。5头在饲料中给予血痢净30天,10头不服药作为对照。结果对照组死亡2头;肛拭猪痢疾密螺旋体(Th)培养,给药经从第二周起全部阴性,对照组至第四周时还大多呈阳性;第五周时采结肠粘膜作Th培养,给药组全部阴性,对照组有2头阳性。从试验第二周起,Th培养给药组共作20头次全部阴性,对照组共作32头次有17头次阳性,两者差别极其显著,(P<0.01),看来血痢净可以消除猪体内的Th。     

激素性股骨头坏死动物模型的建立及影像学评价

通过2种方法建立兔股骨头缺血坏死模型,并用影像学方法动态评价模型建立过程.30只日本大耳白兔随机分为3组,Ⅰ组为空白对照,Ⅱ组为单纯激素注射组(10 mg/kg),Ⅲ组为注射马血清(10 mg/kg)加激素(20 mg/kg);分别在第1、4、7周进行X线、CT、MRI、血管造影检查,取股骨头做组织病理学检查.结果显示,7周内3组X线、CT检查均为阴性;第7周C组血管造影显示病变部位血供减少,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组阴性;MRl检查第1周时Ⅲ组可见轻度骨缺血坏死改变,第4周时更明显,第7周时范围更广泛.Ⅱ组仅在第7周时见轻度骨缺血坏死改变.病理切片Ⅲ组在第1周时即有缺血坏死改变,第7周时范围和程度更明显;Ⅱ组在第7周时才出现轻度骨缺血坏死改变.结果表明,马血清加激素能更好地复制股骨头缺血坏死模型,优于单纯使用激素;MRI能及早发现股骨头缺血坏死改变,血管造影也能对股骨头缺血坏死范围和程度进行判定,为进一步活体研究提供指导.     

猪圆环病毒2型核酸疫苗的小鼠免疫保护试验

为了研究猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)核酸疫苗在小鼠攻毒试验中的免疫保护效果,以PCV-2 GXWZ-1株为模板,扩增出ORF2基因及其截短基因8个片段(A(ORF2)、B(51-100aa)、C(101-150aa)、D(181-235aa)、E(151-200aa)、F(51-150aa)、G(101-235aa)、H(51-235aa)),将其插入到pcDNA3.0载体中,构建出真核表达质粒,并将其转染至PK-15细胞,用间接免疫荧光试验检测其瞬时表达情况。将试验小鼠随机分成9组,其中免疫组7组,阴阳性对照各1组,将纯化的真核表达质粒对小鼠进行组合免疫;二免后,用经处理过的PCV-2 GXWZ-2株阳性病料悬液腹腔注射免疫组和非免疫对照组小鼠,阴性对照组用生理盐水腹腔注射;其后进行体重记录、病理切片制作及PCR检测。结果表明:共有6个真核表达质粒成功在PK-15细胞中表达。在攻毒后的3周内,阳性对照组小鼠PCR诊断均为阳性;免疫组中,部分组小鼠在攻毒后第1周或在第2周为阳性,到第3周时各免疫组小鼠全部为阴性;阴性对照组始终为阴性。免疫组在病理保护学方面明显优于非免疫对照组,非免疫对照组的体重增长速率略低于免疫组和阴性对照组。由此可见猪圆环病毒2型核酸疫苗在小鼠攻毒试验中有明显的保护作用。     

中药复方制剂对大鼠耐缺氧能力的影响及其作用机制的研究

选用健康成年 Wistar大鼠 72只 ,随机分为 6组 ,分别为中药复方 I、II、III组、阳性对照组、空白对照组和正常组。给药 2周后 ,进行常压耐缺氧实验 ,测定存活时间、血清皮质酮、促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH)和胰岛素水平的变化以及对肾上腺皮质束状带细胞超微结构观察。结果表明 :各复方组和阳性对照组均能显著延长大鼠的常压耐缺氧时间 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,其中复方 III组作用效果最好 (P<0 .0 1) ;各复方组和阳性对照组胰岛素浓度均显著高于空白对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;各复方组和阳性对照组血清皮质酮、促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH)浓度均显著低于空白对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;各中药复方组和阳性对照组对肾上腺皮质束状带细胞具有保护作用。结果表明 ,各中药复方和阳性对照药物均能提高机体耐缺氧能力 ,减轻缺氧对机体造成的损伤。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -