南江黄羊流行性鼻内腺癌的病理学观察

对南江黄羊流行性鼻内腺癌病例进行了临床症状与病理形态学观察,结果发现南江黄羊流行性鼻内腺癌临床上以流鼻涕、喷嚏、呼吸困难与鼻塞音等呼吸道症状和进行性消瘦为特征.肿瘤起源于筛骨黏膜,单侧或双侧生长,呈菜花状或结节状,灰白色或粉红色.质脆,无包膜,表面覆盖大量黏液,部分或完全占据鼻腔.组织学上,肿瘤主要表现为乳头状与腺管状2种生长方式,根据肿瘤组织与细胞的形态特性将其分类为低度恶性腺癌,未发现肿瘤向其他组织与器官转移.超微结构上,肿瘤细胞具有一定的异形性,且在肿瘤细胞胞浆内与胞外腺腔内都发现了圆形、直径80～110 nm的病毒颗粒.     

Origin of enzootic intranasal tumor in the goat (Capra hircus): a glycohistochemical approach

Enzootic intranasal tumor (EIT) appears glandular in type and has recently been classified as an adenocarcinoma of low malignancy. The aim of this study was to characterize the secretion of surface glycoconjugates (GCs) in EIT and in normal respiratory and olfactory mucosae of the goat by means of conventional and lectin histochemistry, in order to shed light on the histogenesis of EIT. Morphologic and ultrastructural investigations showed two growth types of EIT: i.e., tubular and papillary patterns. Conventional histochemistry revealed the presence of neutral and carboxylated GCs in the olfactory glands and in the tubular part of EIT, as well neutral and sulphated GCs in the respiratory glands and in the papillary part of EIT, suggesting that the papillary pattern tumor arises from the respiratory glands, whereas the tubular portion of EIT arises from the olfactory glands. Lectin histochemistry gave further information on the expressed GCs.     

Development of a SYBR Green-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay to detect enzootic nasal tumor virus in goats

Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma is a contagious respiratory disease in goats that is caused by the enzootic nasal tumor virus 2 (ENTV-2). In order to increase the number of available detection methods for ENTV-2, we developed a SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction (SGrPCR) assay that targets the gag gene of ENTV-2. The low limit of detection of the assay was 3.68 × 10¹ copies/μL, a hundredfold more sensitive than conventional PCR. The melt curve showed a single sharp melt peak at 83°C, which indicated that there was no non-specific amplification or primer dimer formation. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 1.58% and 1.82%, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity with closely related goat viruses (i.e., orf virus, peste des petits ruminants virus, goatpox virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus) and endogenous retroviruses. In conclusion, the SGrPCR assay is specific for the gag gene of ENTV-2 and provides a rapid and sensitive approach for detecting ENTV-2 in clinical samples.     

山羊冰川棘豆中毒的病理学观察

8只杂种奶山羊，按每日每千克体重10g的剂量饲喂冰川棘豆（Oxytropis glacialis)草粉，第25天起，出现以中枢神经系统机能紊乱为特征的中毒症状。病理组织学检查，心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、卵巢等组织发生空泡变性，空泡变性普遍而且严重，并且观察到淋巴结和脾脏中巨噬细胞胞核空泡变性，淋巴细胞胞核淡染，呈空泡样。肝、肾脑组织电镜观察，病理变化以空泡变性为主，细胞中线粒体肿胀、空泡化，粗面内织网断裂，溶酶体增加。     

California goats with a disease resembling enzootic ataxia or swayback

In a retrospective study typical signs and lesions of enzootic ataxia or swayback were found in 16 young dairy goats from eight widely scattered herds in California. In addition to the constant appearance of chromatolytic neurons in brainstem and spinal cord, and myelin deficiency in certain tracts of the cord, cerebellar hypoplasia was found frequently. Liver copper was subnormal in six of nine kids tested. The disease is viewed as a developmental defect in which failure of neuronal perikaryon metabolism leads to distal axonopathy with secondary demyelination.     

山羊地方性鼻内肿瘤病毒gag蛋白的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

为获得纯化的山羊地方性鼻内肿瘤病毒(enzootic nasal tumor virus of goats,ENTV)gag蛋白和抗gag蛋白的多克隆抗体,根据GenBank已登录的ENTVgag基因序列,设计合成1对特异性引物,应用PCP扩增gag基因并连接于原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,构建重组质粒pET-gag,经鉴定正确后转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)株进行诱导表达,并进行SDS-PAGE分析。重组菌经IPTG诱导后成功表达相对分子质量约为69 000的重组蛋白,重组蛋白经镍柱亲和层析纯化、尿素梯度透析复性后免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体。Western blot试验表明,重组蛋白能与制得的多克隆抗体反应,而与正常小鼠血清和山羊地方性鼻内肿瘤患羊血清不反应。本试验成功获得了纯化的ENTV gag蛋白和小鼠抗gag蛋白的多克隆抗体,为进一步研究gag蛋白在ENTV致病过程中的作用提供了材料。     

Pathology of AA amyloidosis in domestic sheep and goats

We describe the main pathologic changes in small ruminants affected by AA amyloidosis, together with the partial sequence of the protein involved. Twenty-one sheep and one goat were selected for presenting macroscopic kidney lesions compatible with systemic amyloidosis. Available tissue samples were studied by histologic, immunopathologic, and ultrastructural means. Renal lesions were characterized grossly by pale cortical surfaces with scattered, miliary, whitish-yellow foci and on cut cortical surfaces by straight, whitish-yellow striations. Gangrenous pneumonia was observed in 16 out of 21 affected sheep (76.2%), although other chronic inflammations were also observed. Amyloid was detected in all grossly affected kidneys using Congo red staining, lesions being most remarkable in glomeruli, affecting 95.5% of animals studied. Congophilic deposits were also observed in intertubular interstitium (68.2%) and medulla (57.1%). All amyloid-affected animals presented proximal convoluted tubule lesions, mostly characterized by an increase in diameter and by hyaline granular degeneration that were responsible for the macroscopic appearance of the kidney. Histologically, amyloid was also seen in blood vessels, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and adrenal glands. All amyloid deposits demonstrated greenish-yellow birefringence with polarized light, and the antisera prepared against goat amyloid extracts specifically reacted with birefringent congophilic deposits of both sheep and goats. Ultrastructurally, these deposits were formed by masses of straight, nonbranching fibrils located predominantly in the basement membranes of glomerular capillaries and in the mesangium. Partial sequence of the protein in sheep and goats indicated a high degree of homology with the previously reported sequence of sheep Serum Amyloid A.     

Pathology of mastitis in cows, goats and swine. A review]

The literature concerning pathogenesis, pathological physiology and pathological anatomy in bovine, caprine and ovine mastitis is reviewed. The evoluation of infectious mastitis is divided in the three following phases: transmission-, invasion- and establishphase. The pathological anatomy about Mastitis acuta haemorrhagica et necroticans, Mastitis catarrhalis acuta, Mastitis catarrhalis chronica, Mastitis suppurativa and Mastitis granulomatosa is discussed.     

Pathology of Mycoplasma agalactiae induced granular vulvovaginitis (GVV) in goats.

Granular vulvovaginitis (GVV) was experimentally produced in female kids by topical application of M. agalactiae on the scarified vulvar mucosa. Grossly visible GVV lesions were seen in 25 out of 30 infected kids, yet all were positive for microscopic lesions. Microscope lesions that appeared by 7 days post infection (DPI) were comprised of stromal oedema, lymphocytic infiltration into the lamina propria and perivascular accumulation of a few lymphocytes. The lesions observed between 28 and 49 DPI were comparable to those of spontaneous cases (severe). The changes seen in kids euthanized between 56 to 70 DPI were suggestive of the chronic stage of the disease. M. agalactiae was reisolated from all the infected kids from 7 to 70 days after inoculation. The pathology and pathogenesis of this condition have been described and discussed.     

Protective effect following intranasal exposure of goats to live Pasteurella multocida B:2

This study aimed to determine the effect of intranasal exposure to low doses of Pasteurella multocida B:2 on survival of goats challenged with high doses of the same organism. Eighteen goats were selected and divided into three groups. Goats of group 1 were exposed intranasally twice, with a two-week interval, to 7× 10⁶ cfu/ml of live P. multocida B:2. Goats of group 2 were not exposed to P. multocida B:2 but were kept together with the exposed group 1. Goats of group 3 remained as unexposed controls and were kept separated from the other two groups. Serum samples were collected at weekly intervals to determine the antibody levels. At week 5 post exposure, all goats were challenged subcutaneously with 3.7× 10¹⁰ cfu/ml of live P. multocida B:2. Following challenge exposure, 8 (67%) goats (4 goats from each of groups 1 and 2) were killed owing to haemorrhagic septicaemia. Four goats were killed peracutely within 48 h post challenge, while the other four goats were killed acutely between 2 and 4 days post challenge. None of the goats of group 3 were killed for haemorrhagic septicaemia. Goats of groups 1 and 2 showed significantly (p<0.05) higher antibody levels following the first intranasal exposure to P. multocida B:2. However, only group 1 retained the significantly (p<0.05) high antibody levels following a second intranasal exposure, and remained significantly (p<0.05) higher than groups 2 and 3 at the time of challenge. P. multocida B:2 was successfully isolated from various organs of goats that were killed between 1 and 4 days post challenge.     

Glycohistochemical characterization of histologically normal nasal mucosa and enzootic nasal tumor of sheep

Objective-To determine glycohistochemical characteristics of enzootic nasal tumors (ENTs) of sheep, compare results for ENT with those of histologically normal nasal mucosa of sheep, and identify the histologic origin of ENT. Sample-ENT and nasal mucosa samples obtained from cadavers of 5 adult Lacaune sheep with ENT and 5 Lacaune sheep unaffected by ENT, respectively. Procedures-Samples of ENT and nasal mucosa were collected from cadavers of sheep and sectioned. Conventional and lectin histochemical analyses were used to identify glycoconjugates in tissue sections on the basis of their principal chemical groups and principal terminal or internal oligosaccharidic glucidic residues, respectively. Results-ENTs had papillary and tubular portions. Cells in the papillary portion of ENTs had secretion and surface glycoconjugates, which included sulfated glycosaminoglycans and neutral and sialilated glycoproteins. Cells in the tubular portion of ENTs had surface glycoconjugates, which included neutral and sialilated glycoproteins. Both portions of ENTs had C(4)-acetylated sialoderivatives that were not detected in sections of histologically normal nasal mucosa. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The papillary portion of ENTs in sheep may originate from respiratory glands and goblet cells. The tubular portion of ENTs in sheep may originate from olfactory glands. Presence of C(4)-acetylated sialoderivatives in cells of ENTs could confer resistance against pathogens to those cells.