沙棘心血康口服液对大鼠血液流变性的影响

通过沙棘心血康口服液对气滞血瘀大鼠血液流变性影响的研究，结果表明，沙棘心血康口服液可改善血瘀大鼠的血液流变性，降低其血液粘度和血浆粘度、减少纤维蛋白原、抑制血沉、血小板粘附和体外血栓形成。     

沙棘总黄酮对大鼠心肌再灌注损伤的影响

实验观察沙棘总黄酮（TFH）对大鼠心肌再灌注损伤时超微结构及对心肌组织SOD活性和MDA含量的影响。预先给大鼠灌胃TFH6天后，再制作心肌缺血再灌注模型。再灌注结束后．取2～3mm。左心室肌做电镜切片，用于观察心肌细胞超微结构。剩余左心室肌结构，制匀浆，离心，上清液用于SOD活性和MDA含量的测定。实验结果表明，TFH（77mg·kg^-1,231mg·kg^-1）能明显减轻缺血再灌损伤区超微结构的病理改变，显著提高大鼠心肌组织SOD活性并减少MDA的生成。实验结果提示,TFH对大鼠心肌缺血再灌损伤有明显的保护作用;其保护作用机理可能与它清除活性氧自由基而提高SOD活性和抑制脂质过氧化的作用有关。     

中国沙棘与俄罗斯大果沙棘叶总黄酮含量的比较

实验以芦丁为标准品，采用分光光度法，对7月上旬采集自神兴沙棘种植园的中国沙棘叶和俄罗斯大果沙棘叶总黄酮含量进行了比较，从经济实用角度考虑，采用两种提取方法，为国内沙棘种植和沙棘资源的高效和无废物利用提供了依据。     

沙棘对大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：本文通过研究沙棘对大鼠的免疫功能影响，为沙棘在饲料添加剂领域的应用提供依据。方法：通过对大鼠免疫器官脏器指数、白细胞数、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、红细胞免疫功能、细胞免疫功能和体液免疫功能的测定，评价沙棘对大鼠的免疫功能。结果：沙棘组与对照组相比，沙棘组的大鼠胸腺、脾脏重量指数提高，白细胞数增多，巨噬细胞吞噬活性增强，红细胞受体花环形成率提高，红细胞免疫复合物花环形成率降低，T淋巴细胞转化率提高，增加了血清溶血素含量和溶血空斑含量。     

沙棘总黄酮对正常人心功能及血流动力学的影响

自愿的健康受试者,被随机分为TFH组(22人)和安慰剂对照组(20人),采用双盲法,使用Admittance、STI方法测定服药前后心功能及血流动力学的变化。结果表明,口服TFH10mg/次,能使正常人的PEP/LVET、ICT/LVET及ICT值显著缩小(P<0.05);SV显著增加(P<0.05),CO、CT、SWl、CWI及LI亦有增加趋势;TPR明显降低(P<0.05),C值增加(P<0.05)。口服安慰剂前后观察指标未见显著性变化(P>0.05)。结果提示TFH能增强正常人心脏的收缩性能及泵功能,并能降低外周阻力,增加血管弹性。     

沙棘叶总黄酮抗衰老作用的实验研究

对小鼠亚急性衰老模型影响的实验结果表明，与模型组比较，沙棘叶总酮大、小剂量组（分别为３２．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｄ＾（－１）、１０．７ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｄ＾（－１）小鼠脑单胺氧化酶（ＭＡＯ－Ｂ）活性均明显下降；其肝脏肝脂褐质（ＬＦ）含量明显降低，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量亦有降低趋势，超氧岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性无明显变化；沙棘叶总黄酮组小鼠的红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（ＲＣＲ）及红细胞免疫复合物花不率（ＲＩＣＲ）均明显增加     

产地及采集时间对沙棘叶多酚和总黄酮含量的影响

对山西省沙棘主产地不同类型、不同采集时间沙棘叶的多酚和总黄酮含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明,大果沙棘叶样品中多酚含量低于小果沙棘叶,总黄酮含量高于小果沙棘叶。沙棘叶多酚含量在5月份达到最高,为14.69%,之后先降低后升高,8月份达次高峰,为13.61%,后又逐渐降低;总黄酮含量在5月份最低,后逐渐升高,在6月至7月达到最高,8月后又逐渐降低。沙棘叶多酚含量与年均降水量呈现极显著正相关关系,而与其他生态因子无显著相关关系,总黄酮含量、含水量与生态因子间均未呈现出显著相关性。     

Phytic acid enhances the oral absorption of isorhamnetin,quercetin, and kaempferol in total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L.

AimTotal flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (TFH) have a clinical use in the treatment of cardiac disease. The pharmacological effects of TFH are attributed to its major flavonoid components, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin. However, poor oral bioavailability of these flavonoids limits the clinical applications of TFH. This study explores phytic acid (IP₆) enhancement of the oral absorption in rats of isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin in TFH.MethodsIn vitro Caco-2 cell experiments and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies were performed to investigate the effects of IP₆. The aqueous solubility and lipophilicity of isorhamnetin, quercetin, and kaempferol were determined with and without IP₆, and mucosal epithelial damage resulting from IP₆ addition was evaluated by MTT assays and morphology observations.ResultsThe P_app of isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin was improved 2.03-, 1.69-, and 2.11-fold in the presence of 333 μg/mL of IP₆, respectively. Water solubility was increased 22.75-, 15.15-, and 12.86-fold for isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin, respectively, in the presence of 20 mg/mL IP₆. The lipophilicity of the three flavonoids was slightly decreased, but their hydrophilicity was increased after the addition of IP₆ in the water phase as the logP values of isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin decreased from 2.38 ± 0.12 to 1.64 ± 0.02, from 2.57 ± 0.20 to 2.01 ± 0.04, and from 2.39 ± 0.12 to 1.15 ± 0.01, respectively. The absorption enhancement ratios were 3.21 for isorhamnetin, 2.98 for kaempferol, and 1.64 for quercetin with co-administration of IP₆ (200 mg/kg) in rats. In addition, IP₆ (200 mg/kg, oral) caused neither significant irritation to the rat intestines nor cytotoxicity (400 μg/mL) in Caco-2 cells.ConclusionsThe oral bioavailability of isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin in TFH was enhanced by the co-administration of IP₆. The main mechanisms are related to their enhanced aqueous solubility and permeability in the presence of IP₆. In summary, IP₆ is a potential absorption enhancer for pharmaceutical formulations that is both effective and safe.     

Pharmacokinetic properties of isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin after oral gavage of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L. in rats using a UPLC-MS method

An ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS) method was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin from a total flavone extract of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (TFH) after single dose oral administration. Rat plasma samples were pretreated using liquid-liquid extraction, and chromatographic separation was performed on a C₁₈ column using a linear gradient of methanol and formic acid (0.1%). The pharmacokinetic parameters of isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin from TFH in rats were quantitatively determined by UPLC with photodiode array detection (PDA). The qualitative detection of the three flavones was accomplished by selected ion monitoring in negative ion mode ESI-MS. Results of the pharmacokinetic study indicate that the three flavones in TFH were absorbed by passive diffusion in rats, and no “double-peak” phenomenon was observed in C-t curves of the three flavones from TFH except for quercetin. Results of this study indicate that the pharmacokinetic behaviors of isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin when administered together in a complex herbal extract might be different than the individual behaviors of the same compounds administered in their pure forms. Results of this study also demonstrate that UPLC-MS is a rapid and practical method to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of flavones present in an herbal extract.     

吴起野生沙棘不同部位总黄酮含量测定

对吴起野生沙棘不同部位的总黄酮含量进行了研究,发现沙棘果泥中总黄酮含量最高为814.03 mg/100g,其次为沙棘果皮、果油、果渣等,沙棘枝中含量最少为90.39 mg/100 g,这将为吴起野生沙棘总黄酮的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。     

不同土壤湿度对沙棘种子萌发的影响

试验在保持温度、光照、基质等适宜的条件下,主要研究了土壤湿度分别为5%、10%、15%、20%的不同处理对沙棘种子萌发的影响,并采用发芽指数和活力指数对沙棘种子发芽效果进行了评价。试验结果表明,在不同的土壤湿度条件下,沙棘种子的萌发指标明显不同,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数在土壤湿度为5%~20%范围内随土壤湿度的增加呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,10%~15%的处理其值较大。平均发芽时间也表现出明显的差异,在土壤湿度为5%~20%的范围内,随土壤湿度的升高呈现出先减小后增加的趋势,沙棘种子的活力指数先减小后增加,10%~15%的处理其值较小。从而得出,沙棘种子发芽的适宜湿度范围10%~15%。     

沙棘在乌兰浩特市的引种

沙棘是重要的水土保持树种,通过实地栽培,对沙棘在乌兰浩特市的引种过程进行了分析,为今后推广种植提供了依据。     

中国沙棘叶化学成分的研究(Ⅲ)

为了研究中国沙棘叶化学成分，采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析进行分离，并通过理化常数测定和波谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果从沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides L．的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离并鉴定了2个黄酮化合物：山萘素-3-β-D-(6″-对羟基桂皮酰基)葡萄糖甙(kaempf-erol 3-β-D-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside，1)，异鼠李素-7-0-鼠李糖-3-0-葡萄糖甙(cisorhamnetin-7-0-rhamnose-3—0-glucoside，Ⅱ)．结果表明山萘素-3-β-D-(6″-对羟基桂皮酰基)葡萄糖甙为首次从该属植物中得到。     

沙棘的造林管理技术

文章就沙棘的生态功能,造林管护技术作了论述。     

中国沙棘叶化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

目的：研究中国沙棘叶化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析进行分离，通过理化常数测定和波谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果：从沙棘Hippophae rhanmoides L-叶中分离并鉴定了3个化合物：β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol，I)，2α-OH-熊果酸(2α-hydroxy-ursolic acid，Ⅱ)，L-2-0-CH3-肌醇(L-2-0-methyl-inositol，Ⅲ)．结论：以上化合物均为首次从中国沙棘叶中分离得到，2α-OH-熊果酸，L-2-0-CH3-肌醇为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

沙棘种源苗期选择

在山西省关帝山沙棘园对13个沙棘种源进行了播种育苗试验，结果表明，不同种源间不仅室内发芽率不同，而且在苗高、地径、主根长及根鲜重上存在着极显著差异。综合评估显示，山西省和顺、五寨、隰县和陕西省富县四个种源优于当地种源，生长表现良好。