苎麻纤维初加工机械的研究现状与发展

回顾了４０多年来我国苎麻纤维剥制机械的研制历程、使用现状及国外苎麻收获机械的发展概况,分析了目前林剥制机械市场疲软的原因,提出了今后苎麻纤维收获机械的研究方向。     

横喂式双向自动苎麻三脱机的研制

<正>苎麻是我国传统特色经济作物,咸宁是久负盛名的苎麻之乡,为破解制约苎麻产业发展的收获加工难题,咸宁市农机研究所开展了双向自动苎麻三脱机的研制,2008年获国家专利,2014年通过成果鉴定,现将本机的研制工作总结如下:1任务来源与研究目的1.1任务来源2005年咸宁市农机研究所向湖北省科技厅申报了"苎麻收获加工机械—苎麻三脱机的研制"湖北省科技攻关计划,湖北省科技厅将鄂州天技苎麻研究所申报的"微生物     

横喂式双向自动苎麻三脱机研制工作报告

<正>苎麻是我国传统特色经济作物,咸宁是久负盛名的苎麻之乡,为破解制约苎麻产业发展的收获加工难题,咸宁市农机研究所开展了双向自动苎麻三脱机的研制,2008年获国家专利,2014年通过成果鉴定,现将本机的研制工作总结如下:1任务来源与研究目的1.1任务来源2005年咸宁市农机研究所向湖北省科技厅申报了"苎麻收获加工机械—苎麻三脱机的研制"湖北省科技攻关计划,湖北省科技厅将鄂州天技苎麻研究所申报的"微生物     

双向自动苎麻三脱机技术分析

0前言 苎麻是我国传统的特色经济作物,占世界的90％以上。传统的生产方式严重制约着苎麻产业的发展。为了破解制约苎麻产业发展的“瓶颈”问题,为苎麻产业的发展提供科技支持,咸宁市农业机械化研究所从2003年起把苎麻收获加工机械的研制作为科技创新的重点,已经取得了一种产品（两用脱麻机）、两种机型（反拉式和直喂式）、3种直喂式样机、4项国家专利的初步成果。     

双向自动苎麻脱机技术分析

0 前言 苎麻是我国传统的特色经济作物,占世界的90%以上.传统的生产方式严重制约着苎麻产业的发展.为了破解制约苎麻产业发展的"瓶颈"问题,为苎麻产业的发展提供科技支持,咸宁市农业机械化研究所从2003年起把苎麻收获加工机械的研制作为科技创新的重点,已经取得了一种产品(两用脱麻机)、两种机型(反拉式和直喂式)、3种直喂式样机、4项国家专利的初步成果.     

苎麻纤维初加工机械化技术创新研究与试验

正0引言苎麻俗称"中国草",是我国的传统特色经济作物,苎麻纤维号称"天然纤维之王",作为纺织原料在我国有近5000年的历史。咸宁市是全国三大苎麻产区之一,誉称"苎麻之乡",苎麻产业已经发展成为全市经济发展的重要支柱产业,也是发展潜力较大的优势产业。苎麻产业发展不起来只因收获加工太困难。为了破解制约苎麻产业发展的机械化收获加工技术难题,为苎麻产业的发展提供科技支撑,农机研究所从2003年起把     

6BM-350型剥麻机效率高 效益好

安徽旌德县地处皖南山区,是苎麻的适宜种植地带,全县耕地面积15万亩,其中苎麻种植面积2.5万亩,年产原麻3250t。 苎麻纤维收获的用工量占整个生产用工量的50％以上,而解决苎麻收获问题的关键在于实现苎麻剥刮加工的机械化。为此,旌德县农机推广站于2002年5月从湖南麻类机械研究所引进了一台6BM—350型剥麻机,并在首季苎麻收获期间进行了生产试验测试和可行性论证工作。6BM-350型剥麻机的主要技术参数:     

一种新型剑麻纤维提取机的技术研究

本文简述了一种剑麻纤维提取机的研制背景总体方案、设计要点、技术关键与有益效果。在分析总结国内外剑麻纤维收获加工机械技术的基础上,针对存在的问题,结合近10年来研制苎麻纤维收获加工机械的经历,提供了一种适用于剑麻纤维提取的新方法、新设备。机具设计巧妙,从进料到出麻实现了纯机械自动化,为与割麻机配套实现田间联合收获奠定了基础。2016年7月8日通过了湖北省科技成果鉴定,鉴定结论为"居国内同类技术领先水平"。     

我国大蒜机械化收获技术研究现状

大蒜是我国重要的经济作物,其收获的机械化水平关系到大蒜产业发展,对提高我国农业整体的机械化水平、增加农民收入等均具有重要意义.针对近年来国内大蒜收获机械的研究情况,根据研究机构的最新成果和厂商推出的最新产品,总结了国内大蒜联合收获技术的发展现状,指明了大蒜联合收获机械的发展趋势,为国内大蒜收获技术的发展提供参考.     

苎麻剥制加工机械的研究与推广应用

苎麻是多年生宿根性草本植物,是重要的纺织纤维原料.现在苎麻剥制以手工为主,但机械剥制加工的研究已有171年的历史;目前我国研发的苎麻剥制机具有30多个机型,推广使用的仅10多个机型,但仍存在作业工效低、劳动强度大等问题.随着苎麻产业的拓展和规模化生产,政府应对苎麻剥麻机械的研发推广给予政策扶持,促进苎麻剥制加工机械须升级换代,因地制宜发展苎麻剥制轻便型机械及大型高效成套机组.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。