草酸对土壤和矿物中钾素的释放规律研究

Oxalic acid plays an important role in improving the bioavailability of soil nutrients. Batch experiments were employed to examine the influences of oxalic acid on extraction and release kinetics of potassium （K） from soils and minerals along with the adsorption and desorption of soil K^＋. The soils and minerals used were three typical Chinese soils, black soil （Mollisol）, red soil （Ultisol）, and calcareous alluvial soil （Entisol）, and four K-bearing minerals, biotite, phlogopite, muscovite, and microcline. The results showed that soil K extracted using 0.2 mol L^-1 oxalic acid was similar to that using 1 mol L^-1 boiling HNO3. The relation between K release （y） and concentrations of oxalic acid （c） could be best described logarithmically as y = a ＋ blogc, while the best-fit kinetic equation of K release was y = a ＋ b√t, where a and b are the constants and t is the elapsed time. The K release for minerals was ranked as biotite 〉 phlogopite 〉〉 muscovite 〉 microcline and for soils it was in the order： black soil 〉 calcareous alluvial soil 〉 red soil. An oxalic acid solution with low pH was able to release more K from weathered minerals and alkaline soils. Oxalic acid decreased the soil K^＋ adsorption and increased the soil K^＋ desorption, the effect of which tended to be greater at lower solution pH, especially in the red soil.     

Oxalic Acid Effect on Potassium Release from Typical Rice Soils of Kashmir

Batch experiments were employed to examine the influence of oxalic acid on release kinetics of potassium (K) from soils along with adsorption and desorption of soil K⁺. The soils used were three rice soils from high-, mid-, and low-altitude zones. The results showed that soil K extracted using 0.2 mol L^–1 oxalic acid was similar to that of 1 mol L^–1 boiling nitric acid (HNO₃). The relation between K release (y) and concentrations of oxalic acid (c) could be best described as y = a + b log c, whereas the best-fit kinetic equation of K release was y = a + b √t. The K release for soils was in the order Bonbagh > Ganasthan > Kreeri. An oxalic acid solution with low pH was able to release more K. Oxalic acid decreased soil K⁺ adsorption and increased desorption, the effect of which tended to be greater at lower pH.     

不同提取方法土壤非交换性钾释放动力学及其速率的研究

采用Ca2+饱和土壤的 0.50molL-1硝酸、0.0 1molL-1草酸和氢质阳离子交换树脂恒温连续提取法 ,利用Elovich和二级动力学模型 ,结合生物吸钾试验 ,研究探讨了描述土壤非交换性钾释放及其速率较为理想的连续提取法及其动力学模型。研究结果表明 ,氢质树脂提取法的Elovich模型描述非交换性钾释放及其速率的效果较为理想 ,拟合方程的相关系数达极显著水平(r =0.982～ 0.996 ) ;不同时间非交换性钾累积释放量的计算值与实测值的标准差最小 (S =1.335～2.480 ) ;通过速率方程计算的不同时间非交换性钾释放速率与黑麦草吸收的非交换性钾数量的相关性也最为密切 (r =0.944～ 0.963) ,故氢质阳离子交换树脂连续提取法结合Elovich模型是描述土壤非交换性钾释放及其速率较为理想的组合方法。以伊利石为主的 2、3和 8号土壤非交换性钾释放速率明显高于其它以高岭石或蒙脱石为主的供试土壤     

Extraction of nonexchangeable potassium from soils with boiling one molar nitric acid: Evaluation of different modes of boiling the soil‐acid suspension

Abstract

The standardization of kind and extent of boiling during the course of extraction of potassium (K) from soil in strong acid medium is crucial for obtaining a reliable and reproducible estimate of the nonexchangeable K concentration in soil. In the present study, relationships among the amounts of K extracted by different modes of boiling soil‐acid mixture adopted, i.e., heating mantle, hot plate and burner were established. Irrespective of the dominant mineralogy of soils, boiling on hot plate gave higher estimate of K followed by heating mantle and lower values were observed in case of burner. Among the methods, boiling on heating mantle showed lower mean standard deviation (32.32 mg kg^‐1) and lower coefficient of variation (4.9%) followed by hot plate (SD=52.43 mg kg^‐1; CV=7.26%) and burner (SD=56.30 mg kg^‐1; CV=9.48%). Based on precision analysis, boiling of soil‐acid suspension on heating mantle and hot plate was found to be superior to that on gas burner in extracting nonexchangeable K from soils.     

Potassium-Release Characteristics and Their Correlation with Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Plant Indices in Some Calcareous Soils

The rate of potassium (K) release from soils can significantly influence K availability to plants. There are few studies about K-release kinetics and K availability in calcareous soils of central Iran. The objective of this study was to study the release rates in 15 different soils from Chaharmahal-Va-Bakhtiari Province through successive extractions with 10 mM citric acid over periods of 2–2016 h and the correlation of K-release characteristics with bean plant indices. The results showed that there was wide variation in the cumulative K release among soils. The cumulative K release ranged from 169 to 1199 mg kg^?1. The amounts of K released after 2016 h was not significantly correlated with bean plant indices. Plots of cumulative amounts of K released show a discontinuity in slope at 168 h. Thus, two equations were applied to segments of the total period (2 to 168 and 168 to 2016 h). The amount of K released after 168 h ranged from 62 to 879 mg kg^?1. The amount of K released after 168 h was significantly correlated with bean plant indices. In the segment 1 parabolic diffusion, first-order and power function equations and in the second segment parabolic diffusion, first-order, zero-order, and power function equations described K-release kinetics. Release rate constants in the segment 1 were significantly correlated with bean plant indices; however, in the segment 2 release rate constants were not significantly correlated with bean plant indices. The results of our research showed that K-release characteristics after an initial fast reaction play a role in supplying available K and dilute citric acid solution can be used for estimating of K-release kinetics in the studied soils.     

动力学模型在土壤钾素释放特征描述中的运用及其与化学方法提取的钾素之间的相关性研究

Potassium (K) release characteristics in soil play a significant role in supplying available K. Information on K-release characteristics in soils of central Iran is limited. The objectives of this study were to determine K release characteristics and correlations of K release rate constants with K extracted by different chemical methods in surface soils of ten calcareous soils of central Iran. The kinetics of K release in the soils was determined by successive extraction with 0.01 mol L^-1 CaCl₂ in a period of 2--2 017 h at 25±1 ^oC. Soil K was extracted by distilled water, 0.5 mol L-1 MgNO₃, 0.002 mol L^-1 SrCl₂, 0.1 mol L^-1 BaCl₂, 0.01 mol L^-1 CaCl₂, 1 mol L^-1 NaCl, 1 mol L^-1 boiling HNO₃, 1 mol L^-1 NH₄OAC, Mehlich 1, 0.002 mol L^-1 SrCl₂ 0.05 mol L^-1 citric acid, and ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA). A plot of cumulative amounts of K released showed a discontinuity in slope at 168 h. Thus, two equations were applied to two segments of the total reaction time (2--168 and 168--2017 h). Cumulative amounts of K released ranged from 55 to 299 mg kg^-1 in 2--168 h and from 44 to 119 mg kg^-1 in 168--2 017 h. Release kinetics of K in the two time segments conformed fairly well to parabolic diffusion, simplified Elovich, and power function models. There was a wide variation in the K release rate constants. Increasingly higher average concentrations of soil K were extracted by distilled water, Mehlich 1, SrCl₂, CaCl₂, SrCl₂ + citric acid, AB-DTPA, MgNO₃, NaCl, NH₄OAc, BaCl₂ and HNO₃. Potassium release rate constants were significantly correlated with K extracted. The results of this study showed that information obtained from mathematical modeling in two reaction time segments can help to estimate the K-supplying power of soils.     

Potassium Release in an Aeric Haplaquept as Influenced by Long-Term Rice–Rice Cropping with Different Rates of Fertilizers and Manuring

Different fractions of potassium (K) and the kinetics of K release as influenced by 21 cycles of rice–rice cropping with different rates of fertilizers and manuring were investigated on an Aeric Haplaquept (kaolinitic Inceptisol) soil profile from Bhubaneswar, India. The neutral 1 N ammonium acetate–extractable K in the surface soil layer (0–15 cm) increased from its initial value of 11.2 mg K kg^?1 to 14.8, 14.2, and 17.5 mg K kg^?1 soil in different treatments. However, the nonexchangeable K content in the surface soil layer dropped considerably to a level of 4.8–20.0 mg K kg^?1 soil. Cumulative nonexchangeable K release after 121 h of extraction with 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl₂) was <14 mg K kg^?1. The first-order kinetic model best described the nonexchangeable K release. The decrease in pH and increase in iron (Fe) content indicated the possibilities of K supply to plants through the dissolution of soil minerals.     

低分子有机酸/盐对森林暗棕壤铁的释放效应

模拟森林凋落物淋洗液中草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐的浓度范围,设计了不同浓度草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐溶液一次性浸提和多次连续浸提等系列实验,结果表明,草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐对暗棕壤铁具有活化作用,活化作用大小因有机酸/盐种类、浓度和土壤性质而异。随着低分子有机酸/盐浓度的增加,A1层和B层暗棕壤活化释放的铁也逐渐增多。pH 5.16的低分子有机盐溶液对A1层和B层暗棕壤铁的活化作用强于同浓度的相应低分子有机酸,即柠檬酸盐>柠檬酸,草酸盐>草酸,因此推断草酸盐和柠檬酸盐溶液促进暗棕壤铁活化释放的机理主要在于低分子有机酸阴离子的配位反应。柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐对A1层和B层暗棕壤铁的活化作用强于同浓度的草酸/草酸盐,即柠檬酸>草酸,柠檬酸盐>草酸盐,这主要与柠檬酸对铁较强的络合能力及较大的离解常数有关。A1层与B层相比,草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐均对B层暗棕壤释放的铁量较高。另外,低分子有机酸对暗棕壤铁的释放并不是一次就能完成的,第一次以后的连续4次浸提仍源源不断释放出数量可观的铁。     

Effect of Oxalic and Citric Acids on Zinc Release Kinetic in Two Calcareous Soils

Rate of zinc (Zn) release from solid to solution phase by organic acids can influence Zn availability in calcareous soils. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations (1.1, 2.2, and 3.3 mM) of oxalic acid and citric acid on the kinetic release of Zn from two calcareous soils from Eastern Iran. The two organic acids showed significant difference in Zn release from studied soils. Cumulative Zn release during 72 h ranged from 5.85 to 10.4 mg kg^?1 in soil 1 and ranged from 8.7 to 16.9 mg kg^?1 in soil 2 using different concentrations of oxalic acid. The amount of cumulative Zn release after 72 h in soil 1 ranged from 13.65 to 28.77 mg kg^?1 and from 17.63 to 23.13 mg kg^?1 when different concentrations of citric acid was used. In general, Citric acid released 38% more Zn from soils than oxalic acid. The release of Zn from soils increased with citric acid concentration but decreased with increasing of oxalic acid concentrations in the solution. The simplified Elovich equation best described Zn release as a function of time (r² = 0.93 and SE = 0.78). From the present study, Zn release from soils can be limited by the higher concentration of oxalic acid, while citric acid is suitable for enhancing soil lability of Zn.     

低分子量有机酸强化烟草修复镉污染土壤的适用性研究

采用盆栽试验,以0.125mmol/kg EDTA为对照,研究3种低分子量有机酸(酒石酸、柠檬酸和草酸)在强化烟草修复镉污染土壤中应用的可行性。3种低分子量有机酸(LMWOA)均可显著降低土壤pH,提高镉的有效含量,酒石酸和草酸对镉在烟草中转运有抑制作用,柠檬酸在酸性土壤中促进镉在烟草中转运,在中性土壤中则起抑制作用。31.25mmol/kg LMWOA对烟草地上部的生长有一定的促进作用,该浓度的柠檬酸和草酸使酸性土壤中烟草地上部镉累积量分别提高42.95%和28.67%,柠檬酸还使中性土壤中烟草地上部镉的累积量提高40.91%,所有酒石酸处理镉在烟草地上部的累积量均降低,EDTA使酸性土壤中烟草地上部镉的累积量提高24.56%,对中性土壤中烟草地上部镉累积量的影响不显著。表明柠檬酸和草酸具有强化烟草地上部对镉的吸收、提高烟草提取土壤镉效率的作用,但要获得与EDTA相当的效果,需大大提高其用量,这必然导致修复成本大大提高,故不宜用于强化烟草修复镉污染土壤。     

Release Kinetics of Nonexchangeable Potassium by Different Extractants from Soils of Varying Mineralogy and Depth

Abstract

Nonexchangeable potassium (K) release kinetics of six major benchmark soil series of India as affected by mineralogy of clay and silt fractions, soil depth and extraction media was investigated. The cumulative release of nonexchangeable K was greater in smectitic soils (353 mg K kg^?1 at 0‐ to 15‐cm depth and 296 mg K kg^?1 at 15‐ to 30‐cm depth, averaged for 2 soils and 3 extractants) than in illitic (151 mg K kg^?1 at 0‐ to 15‐cm depth and 112 mg K kg^?1 at 15‐ to 30‐cm depth) and kaolinitic (194 mg K kg^?1 at 0‐ to 15‐cm depth and 167 mg K kg^?1 at 15‐ to 30‐cm depth) soils. Surface soils exhibited larger cumulative K release in smectitic and illitic soils, whereas subsurface soils had larger K release in kaolinitic soils. Among the extractants, 0.01 M citric acid extracted a larger amount of nonexchangeable K followed by 0.01 M CaCl₂ and 0.01 M HCl. The efficiency of citric acid extractant was greater in illitic soils than in smectitic and kaolinitic soils. Release kinetics of nonexchangeable K conformed fairly well to parabolic and first‐order kinetic models. The curve pattern of parabolic diffusion model suggested diffusion controlled kinetics in all the soils, with a characteristic initial fast rate up to 7 h followed by a slower rate. Greater nonexchangeable K release rates in smectitic soils, calculated from the first‐order equation (b=91.13×10^?4 h^?1), suggested that the layer edge and wedge zones and swelling nature of clay facilitated the easier exchange. In contrast to smectitic soils, higher release rate constants obtained from parabolic diffusion equation (b=39.23×10^?3 h^?1) in illitic soils revealed that the low amount of exchangeable K on clay surface and larger amount of interlayer K allowed greater diffusion gradients, thus justifying the better fit of first‐order kinetic equation in smectitic soils and parabolic diffusion equation in illitic soils.     

红壤中低分子量有机酸的吸附动力学

低分子量有机酸在土壤中广泛存在尤其是在根际土壤中,其主要来源于动植物残体的分解、微生物的代谢、植物根系的分泌和土壤中有机物的转化等。由于羧基的强络合作用,低分子量有机酸一旦进入土壤将很快被土壤吸附,影响土壤的表面电荷性质和动电性质,进而影响其在土壤中的作用。关于低     

Release of nonexchangeable NH4-N after planting of ryegrass in relation to soil content and as affected by nitrate supply

The uptake of N by ryegrass grown in pot culture on a range of soils differing widely in content of nonexchangeable NH₄-N (topsoils: 117 to 354 mg kg^?1 soil; subsoils: 117 to 270 mg kg^?1 soil) was measured to indicate whether the amounts of NH₄-N released from clay minerals were correlated with soil NH₄-N. After two cuts soil analysis revealed that the amounts of mobilized nonexchangeable NH₄-N were between 3.5 and 25.2 mg kg^?1 from topsoils and between 0 and 8.2 mg kg^?1 from subsoils. There was no correlation between soil nonexchangeable NH₄-N content and release. The NH₄-N extracted with 1 N HCl and the actual N uptake of the plants correlated highly significant. Assuming that the whole of the NH₄-N released was taken up by ryegrass, NH₄-N accounted for 11.2 to 75.0% of total N uptake from topsoils and 0 to 37.3% from subsoils. The release of nonexchangeable NH₄-N was increased by the application of nitrate.     

Soil Potassium‐Release Characteristics and the Correlation of its Parameters with Garlic Plant Indices

Abstract

Potassium (K)‐release characteristics (PRC) of soil play a significant role in supplying available K. Information about PRC in the Hamadan soils is limited. The objective of this research was to study the PRC in nine soils from the Hamadan province by successive extraction with 0.01 M CaCl₂ over a period of 2000 h. The correlation of kinetic equation rate constants with soil properties and garlic indices was also studied. The release of K was initially rapid. More than 60% of the total K released during the first 168 h. The amount of K released after 168 h varied among soils and ranged from 292.8 to 736.8 mg kg^?1. The amount of K released after 2000 h was significantly correlated with K extracted by 1 M HNO₃, 0.01 M CaCl₂, and 0.1 M BaCl₂, whereas it was not significantly correlated with other soil properties. Potassium‐release characteristics were evaluated using five kinetic equations. Statistical analysis showed that the Elovich equation described the K‐release kinetics. A plot of other equations shows a discontinuity in slope at 168 h. Thus, two equations were applied to segments of the total reaction time (2 to 168 and 168 to 2000 h). The release‐rate constants (slope) in segment 1 are higher than in segment 2. The release‐rate constant of the Elovich equation and the zero‐order equation in two segments were significantly correlated with 1 M HNO₃, 0.01 M CaCl₂, and 0.1 M BaCl₂. Rate constants of the other equations were not significantly correlated with soil properties. The release‐rate constants of the Elovich equation and release‐rate constants of the zero‐order equation in two segments were significantly correlated with garlic indices. Rate constants of other equations were not significantly correlated with garlic indices. The results of this research showed that the Elovich and zero‐order equations can be used to describe K‐release characteristics.     

Desferrioxamine-B promoted dissolution of an Oxisol and the effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids

This study was conducted to quantify the adsorption of desferrioxamine-B (DFO-B), a commercial trihydroxamate siderophore, onto an Oxisol and particularly examine the DFO-B-promoted soil dissolution in the presence of two small organic acids (citric and oxalic acids). Adsorption of DFO-B to Oxisol was rapid, and the adsorption isotherms yielded maximum surface concentrations of 9.59 μmol g^?1 at pH 5.0, much lower than the soil cation exchange capacity. After reaching the maximum concentration within several minutes, the DFO-B adsorption to the soil subsequently decreased and attained a steady state, followed by a slight increase at the end of the reaction. Release of Fe, Mn, and Al from the soil was greatly enhanced in the presence of DFO-B. No competitive or synergic effect between the DFO-B and citric or oxalic acids was found on dissolution of Al- or Fe-containing minerals. However, a synergic effect between DFO-B and citric acid on dissolution of Mn-containing minerals was found, and a slight competitive effect of oxalic acid on release of Mn promoted by DFO-B was observed. These results can enhance our understanding on the role of siderophores in soils dissolution and weathering as well as the release of nutrient elements in the presence of low-molecular-weight organic acids.     

不同含钾物料对土壤钾素含量动态变化影响

采用土培试验方法,以稻草、稻草灰、硅钙钾肥、枸溶性钾肥和氯化钾肥5种含钾物料为试验材料,分别用蒸馏水、1 mol/L中性醋酸铵、2 mol/L冷硝酸、1 mol/L沸硝酸浸提测定土壤各种形态钾素,评估不同含钾物料施用对土壤钾素含量的影响。结果表明,施用含钾物料可以显著提高土壤各形态钾素含量,在等量钾素投入条件下,含钾物料的供钾能力表现出一定的差异。各含钾物料土壤水溶性钾、醋酸铵钾释放速率高低表现为氯化钾肥、稻草灰稻草、硅钙钾肥和枸溶性钾肥;与土壤水溶性钾和醋酸铵钾变化不同,土壤冷硝酸钾含量在培养前期以稻草灰、氯化钾肥和硅钙钾肥的处理显著高于枸溶性钾肥和稻草处理,但随着枸溶性钾肥和稻草钾素的释放,培养后期各处理之间差异不显著;相比于土壤水溶性钾、醋酸铵钾和冷硝酸钾含量而言,土壤沸硝酸钾含量最高,其中培养前期以稻草灰处理的土壤沸硝酸钾含量较高,稻草处理的土壤沸硝酸钾含量较低,两者含量差值可达83.75 mg/kg,经过156天培养后,其含量差值仅为6.91 mg/kg,处理间差异不显著。综合结果说明,稻草灰和氯化钾肥具有同等释放水溶性钾和醋酸铵钾的效果,其次是稻草处理,均可作为速效钾肥施用,而枸溶性钾肥和硅钙钾肥具有缓效释放特性,可与速效钾肥配合施用确保作物整个生育期对钾素的需求。     

用阳离子交换树脂膜法和传统化学提取法评估土壤有效钾

Four testing methods using cation exchange membrane (CEM),ammonium acetate,ASI(0.25mol L^-1 NaHCO3 0.01mol L^-1 EDTA 0.01 molL^-1 NH4F) and 1.0molL^-1 boiling nitric acid,respectively,were used to evaluate soil available K.The soil K tested by CEM was significantly correlated with that by the other (conventional)methods(r^2=0.43^**-0.95^***).The soil K tested by CEM saturated with NH4HCO3(15min extraction)was most closely correlated with that by the other methods(r^2=0.60^**-0.95^***),Potassium availability,as predicted by soil test,was comparable to actual K uptake by canola and wheat grown on the soils in growth chamber.Regression analyses showed that plant K uptake was more closely correlated wiht K extracted by CEM(r^2=0.56^**-0.81^***)than that by the conventional methods(r^2=0.46^***-0.81^***),most colsely correlated with that by NH4HCO3-saturated CEM for 15 min (r^2=0.81^***).and worst correlated with that by HNO3(r^2=0.45^**-0.72^***)     

耗竭条件下层间钾的释放及耗竭后土壤的固钾特性

本文通过盆栽耗竭试验和土壤培养试验研究了五种含钾量差异较大的土壤供钾特点和固钾能力。试验结果表明：（１）黑麦草根系发达而密集，它对土壤钾的利用能力很强，能在短期内吸收大量钾，而致使土壤缺钾，在缺钾严重时土壤交换性钾和缓效钾还能达到“最低值”，“最低值”因受质地和粘土矿物组成及含量的影响而有较大差异。（２）作物吸收钾中，层间钾所占比例很大，其中又以１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＮＯ２煮沸一次不能提取的钾为主。所以     

不同浓度柠檬酸影响茶园土壤氟释放的动力学研究

为阐明茶树高富集土壤氟的化学机制,采用动力学方法研究了茶树根系分泌柠檬酸对茶园土壤氟形态及其在土壤固一液相分配的影响。结果表明,土壤溶出液的pH和电导率随溶出时间的增加而逐渐减小。土壤氟的释放存在快速释放和慢速释放两个阶段,呈现初始（0～6h）溶出浓度较高,而后（6～10h）逐渐减缓的趋势。一级动力学方程、Elovich方程、扩散方程、双常数方程均对土壤氟的溶出过程有较好的拟合,决定系数（R^2）均大于0．91。土壤溶出液中的游离态氟和总氟的释放量随柠檬酸浓度的升高而增加,反应开始前2h的高浓度柠檬酸溶出液中A1-F络合物的浓度较大,反应开始前1h的A1-F络合物主要以A1F3为主,占氟溶出总量的90％左右;随着溶出时间的延长,A1FI的溶出量逐渐增大,并逐渐超过A1F3。高浓度柠檬酸促进土壤氟的溶出释放,有利于A1-F络合物向AlP、AlE形态转化。     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.