An ELISA optimized for porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus detection in faeces

Monoclonal antibodies to porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) membrane protein M were prepared and used for the comparative assessment of three blocking ELISA variants to detect PEDV. The competitive blocking ELISA (CB-ELISA) format showed the highest sensitivity, allowing detection of 10(2.5) plaque-forming units of PEDV/ml in culture medium. Its specificity was verified by inclusion of control samples containing transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and rotavirus A in each analysis. Eighty porcine field samples of faeces obtained from 38 herds affected with diarrhoea were examined, and PEDV was found in 15 (19%) samples from 6 (16%) herds. The suitability of the CB-ELISA for the screening herds in epizootiologic situations is discussed.     

Effects of epidermal growth factor on atrophic enteritis in piglets induced by experimental porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) promotes gastrointestinal mucosal recovery by stimulating the mitogenic activity of intestinal crypt epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of EGF on atrophic enteritis induced in piglets by experimental infection with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) strain Dr13. Two groups of 12 conventional, colostrum-deprived, 1-day-old, large White-Duroc cross breed piglets were inoculated orally with PEDV (3 x 10(5) 50% tissue culture infective doses), with or without EGF (10 microg/kg/day, intraperitoneally once daily for 4 days after infection) and compared to 12 uninfected, untreated control piglets. PEDV+EGF piglets had less severe clinical signs than PEDV only piglets at 48 and 60 h post-infection (hpi). Histologically, the ratio of villous height:crypt depth of PEDV+EGF piglets was significantly higher than PEDV only piglets at 36 and 48 hpi. Immunohistochemistry for Ki67 demonstrated increased proliferation in intestinal crypt epithelial cells of PEDV+EGF piglets compared to PEDV only piglets at 36, 48 and 60 hpi. EGF stimulates proliferation of intestinal crypt epithelial cells and promotes recovery from atrophic enteritis in PEDV-infected piglets.     

Identification of porcine circovirus type 2 in retrospective cases of pigs naturally infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

The identification of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was studied in fresh intestinal tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded intestinal tissues by in situ hybridisation. The tissues came from pigs naturally infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV). A total of 35 (32.7%) of 107 small intestinal samples from pigs naturally infected with PEDV were found to be positive using PCR. Positive signals for PCV2 were detected in 32 (29.9%) of 107 small intestinal samples from pigs naturally infected with PEDV by in situ hybridisation. The distribution of positive cells in the jejunum and ileum was multifocal or patchy. Distinct positive labelling was found throughout the lamina propria in the small intestines. The results of this study indicate that PCV2 is highly prevalent in pigs naturally infected with PEDV.     

Virus-like particles associated with porcine epidemic diarrhoea.

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea type II was reproduced in experimental pigs of various ages by oral dosing with minced intestine from a naturally occurring case of the disease. Virus-like particles which probably represent an unidentified coronavirus were seen by electron microscopy in the faeces and intestinal epithelium of infected animals.     

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and RT-PCR for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a contagious enteric disease of pigs caused by a coronavirus. A double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) based on the use of monoclonal antibodies was developed for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV). The DAS-ELISA was compared with RT-PCR in the examination of 506 specimens collected during 2006-2007 from pigs originating from different farms located in the Po valley. Both faecal samples obtained directly from the rectum of live animals showing clinical signs and intestinal samples collected from the caecum of deceased pigs were included in the study. The correlation between the two methods was higher when testing faecal samples (K = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00) than testing intestinal samples (K = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.35-0.89). The use of ELISA technology provided an efficient and effective mean of evaluating the presence of coronavirus PED antigen in field samples and indicates that this procedure is a very useful tool in epidemiological studies.     

检测猪流行性腹泻病毒的R-PCR方法的建立

根据猪流行性腹泻病毒 (PEDV)的N基因自行设计和合成了一对可扩增长度为 641bp目的片段的引物 ,成功地建立了检测的猪流行性腹泻病毒的RT PCR方法。对猪轮状病毒 (PRV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒 (TGEV)的RT PCR检测结果均呈阴性。对PEDV JS株的RT PCR产物的序列分析表明 ,与CV777株的同源性为 97 3 %。     

PEDV膜蛋白基因RT－PCR最适反应条件的确立

以猪流地性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的RNA为模板，探讨了影响猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的RT－PCR反庆的各种因素，确立了RT－PCR的最适瓜应条件。     

2017年河南省猪流行性腹泻病毒检测及基于S1基因片段的遗传变异分析

为了解河南省引起仔猪腹泻的猪肠道冠状病毒的感染和流行情况,我们对2017年度发生仔猪腹泻的河南省25家养殖场送检的94份仔猪肠道或粪便样品开展了相关检测。结果显示猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus,PEDV)的样品检出率为68.1%(64/94),猪场阳性率为76.0%(19/25),但未检测到猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV)、猪德尔塔冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus,PDcoV)和猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒(swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus,SADS-CoV)。为进一步分析PEDV的遗传变异情况,利用RT-PCR和基因克隆测序技术,我们成功获得了8株PEDV的S1基因片段的核苷酸序列。分子进化树分析显示,我国流行毒株可以分为G1a(疫苗及其衍生株)、G1b(经典毒株)、G2a(2011-2013年变异株)、G2b(2016-2017年变异株)和G2c(重组毒株)5个进化分支,本研究获得的S1基因序列均处于G2b进化分支,且与2016-2017年间的流行毒株遗传距离更近。同源性分析显示,8株分离株彼此之间S1基因片段的核苷酸同源性为97.3%～99.5%,与变异毒株AJ1102的同源性为97.2%～98.0%,而与经典毒株CV777、CH/S的同源性仅为91.0%～92.3%。氨基酸序列比对分析显示,与CV777和CH/S等经典毒株相比,分离株S1基因片段除了多个氨基酸位点发生变异外,在~(58)NQGV~(61)、~(140)N、~(157)H这3个位置有氨基酸的插入,在~(163)NI~(164 )有2个氨基酸的缺失,这与之前关于PEDV变异株的研究报道相一致。此外,与其他变异株相比,本研究发现分离株HeNPDS/2017在491位有1个新的丝氨酸(Ser)缺失位点,其生物学意义有待进一步研究。本研究丰富了PEDV的分子流行病学数据,有助于了解河南省PEDV流行和遗传变异的最新情况,为该地区猪流行性腹泻病的防控提供一定的参考。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒及感染扩散途径

猪流行性腹泻病毒Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses(PEDV),是冠状病毒科,冠状病毒属。猪流行性腹泻病(PED)传播速度快,传播范围广。主要原因就是猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的传播途径多样化。文章就猪流行性腹泻病毒在空气、运输车辆、饲料生产设备、精液的传播途径和经鼻黏膜感染进行讨论。     

5株猪流行性腹泻病毒流行株的遗传变异分析

为了解当前猪流行性腹泻流行情况,对4个地区疑似PEDV S1、ORF3基因进行RT-PCR扩增,并对5株PEDV流行株进行核苷酸同源性及遗传进化分析。S1基因核苷酸同源性比较与进化分析显示,5株PEDV流行株与意大利Italy/69979-25株、美国OH851株、我国主要变异株W-pintung-52株、AH2012、JXGZ2013等位于同一进化分支,其核苷酸同源性达98%以上。ORF3基因核苷酸同源性比较与进化分析发现,5株PEDV流行株均属于野毒株,与Tottori/JPN/2014变异株亲缘关系较近,其核苷酸同源性高达98.8%～100%。提示当前猪流行性腹泻病毒仍以变异株为主。     

Mucosal and systemic isotype-specific antibody responses and protection in conventional pigs exposed to virulent or attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

Eleven-day-old conventionally reared piglets were inoculated orally with two different doses of the cell-culture adapted strain CV-777 of the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) or the virulent isolate of the same strain and challenged with the same virulent PEDV 3 weeks later. Pigs inoculated with the two doses of the attenuated virus did not show any typical sign of the disease, and virus shedding was not frequent. In contrast, 31% of pigs exposed to the virulent PEDV developed diarrhoea and virus shedding was demonstrated in 100%. At different postinoculation day (PID) and postchallenge day (PCD) virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in gut associated lymphoid tissues (duodenum and ileum lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes) and systemic locations (blood and spleen) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). Only a small response was detected in the groups inoculated with attenuated PEDV, whereas in the group previously exposed to the virulent virus on PID 21 a large number of IgG and IgA ASC was detected. Isotype-specific antibody responses in serum were investigated by ELISA. IgG responses were detected in all groups, although the highest response corresponded to the group inoculated with virulent virus and only this group showed an IgA response. The pigs exposed to virulent PEDV were completely protected against the challenge with a higher dose of the same virulent virus on PID 21 and none of them shed the virus. The pigs inoculated with the attenuated strain were partially protected against the challenge, and 25% of the low dose- and 50% of the high dose-exposed pigs did not shed virus after challenge. All the pigs from a control group, not previously exposed to the virus, excreted the virus in faeces. A strong positive correlation was established between protection and the ASC responses detected in gut associated lymphoid tissues and blood at the challenge day and also between protection and serum isotype-specific antibody titers on that day. In addition, the IgA and IgG ASC responses detected in the blood on PID 21 also correlated with the responses found in the gut associated lymphoid tissues. The ASC and serum antibody responses after the challenge corresponded to a secondary immune response in the groups inoculated with attenuated virus, whereas a primary response was evident in the control group. No increase was seen in any of the parameters studied in the pigs inoculated with virulent PEDV.     

The effects of transplacental porcine circovirus type 2 infection on porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus-induced enteritis in preweaning piglets

The effects of transplacental porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection on porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV)-induced enteritis were examined in neonatal piglets. Six pregnant sows were randomly allocated to an infected (n=3) or control group (n=3). Three pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally with 6 mL of tissue culture fluid containing 1.2 x 10(5) tissue culture infective doses 50% (TCID(50))/mL of PCV2 strain SNUVR000470 three weeks before the expected farrowing date. Three control pregnant sows were similarly exposed to uninfected cell culture supernatants. Thirty piglets from PCV2-infected sows were randomly assigned to two groups (A and B) of 15 piglets each. Another 30 piglets from noninfected sows were randomly assigned to two groups (C and D) of 15 piglets each. The piglets in groups A and C were dosed orally at three days of age with 2mL of virus stock (1 x 10(6.5) TCID(50)/mL) of the PEDV strain, SNUVR971496, at the third passage. The mean villous height and crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio in PEDV-infected piglets from PCV2-infected sows (group A) were significantly different from those of the PEDV-infected piglets from PCV2 negative sows (group C) at 36, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) (P<0.05). In PEDV-infected piglets from PCV2-infected sows (group A), significantly more PEDV nucleic acid was detected in the jejunal tissues (P<0.05) at 24 hpi than in the same tissues of the PEDV-infected piglets from PCV2 negative sows (group C). Thereafter, at 36, 48, 60, and 70 hpi significantly more PEDV nucleic acid (P<0.05) was detected in the jejunal tissues of the PEDV-infected piglets from PCV2 negative sows (group C) than those of the PEDV-infected piglets from the PCV2-infected sows (group A). It is concluded that the clinical course of PEDV disease was markedly affected by transplacental infection of PCV2.     

Border disease in sheep caused by transmission of virus from cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus.

Two outbreaks of border disease occurred on farms with sheep flocks and breeding cattle. The infection of the pregnant sheep was probably caused by transmission of virus from calves persistently infected with non-cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) which were kept in close confinement with the ewes during mid-pregnancy. Border disease was also induced experimentally in eight lambs by exposing their dams at 38 to 78 days of gestation to a heifer persistently infected with BVDV. Both the natural and the experimental infections were characterised by typical signs such as 'hairy-shaker' lambs and high lamb mortality. The diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolations from live-born lambs, seroconversion and pathology. The study supports the assertion that cattle persistently infected with BVDV and in close contact with pregnant sheep, are an important source of strains of virus capable of causing border disease.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒SC-P株部分特性研究

猪流行性腹泻病(PED)是由猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)引起的以水样腹泻、呕吐为主要特征的传染病,病死率高,对养猪业危害严重。本试验对四川农业大学动物生物技术中心分离保存的PEDV-SC-P毒株在非洲绿猴传代肾细胞(Vero)上进行了传代增殖培养,并按照要求,对生产用Vero细胞进行纯净性检验,对PEDV-SC-P毒株的增殖特性、遗传稳定性、理化特性、纯净性、安全性、免疫原性和特异性等进行了检测和研究。结果表明,该病毒株理化特性与PEDV相符,毒种纯净、繁殖滴度高、毒力遗传稳定、安全性和免疫原性较好,具有开发为疫苗种毒的前景和价值。