应用细菌磁颗粒real-time RT-PCR检测百合无症病毒

为研究细菌磁颗粒分离提取不同样本材料中的植物病毒RNA的效果,以及结合实时荧光 RT-PCR技术检测LSV的灵敏性,选取感染病毒的西葫芦叶片（CGMMV和SqMV）、大豆种子（BPMV）与百合叶片（LSV和ArMV）3种样本材料,利用细菌磁颗粒分别提取这5种病毒RNA,与Trizol方法提取效果进行比较,同时与Trizol real-time RT-PCR检测LSV的灵敏度进行了比较。结果表明：BMPs方法能够从3种植物样本中提取病毒RNA,其检测LSV的灵敏性与Trizol方法相当。     

利用RT-PCR快速检测黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒

根据黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒（CGMMV）的外壳蛋白基因（CP基因）保守序列设计、合成引物,以感病西瓜、南瓜、玉米叶片组织总RNA为模板,进行cDNA合成和PCR扩增,并将扩增产物连接到pMD18-T载体上测序鉴定。核苷酸序列测定结果表明,此CP基因全长为654个核苷酸,与已报道的CGMMV的CP基因同源性为97%-100%。RT-PCR方法为检测CGMMV提供了操作更为简便、特异性更强的快速、准确的检测鉴定方法,是一种控制该潜在危险性有害生物蔓延的有效途径。     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒基因组全序列分析及病害的田间调查

为明确近年来在浙江省葫芦科作物上发生的黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)基因组特征及其发生分布情况,从浙江省及上海地区的甜瓜、西瓜和瓠瓜上采集疑似样品进行RT-PCR鉴定,通过分段扩增测序的方法拼接获得基因组全序列并进行系统进化分析,利用特异性引物扩增获得CGMMV外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因序列,制备CGMMV CP抗血清进行Western-blot和Dot-ELISA检测。结果显示,来自甜瓜、西瓜和瓠瓜的3个CGMMV分离物基因组全序列均具有烟草花叶病毒属典型基因组结构特征,全部由6 423 nt构成;3个全序列间的核苷酸同源性高达99.11%~99.67%,编码的CP氨基酸同源性为100%。系统进化分析发现,CGMMV不同分离物形成2个进化相关群体,3个浙江的CGMMV分离物均位于第I组内,与已报道的中国CGMMV分离物和韩国CGMMV分离物亲缘性较高。Western-blot检测表明CGMMV CP抗血清可以与感病植株中的病毒发生特异性反应,可用于CGMMV鉴定;Dot-ELISA检测发现CGMMV在浙江省和上海市的葫芦科作物上普遍存在。     

葫芦种子传黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒的检测*

从感染黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒（Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, CGMMV）的葫芦植株上收取种子,通过苗期症状观察法、双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法（DAS-ELISA）、免疫捕获反转录PCR（IC-RT-PCR）法测定葫芦种子的带毒情况,并用生物学接种方法测定葫芦种子携带病毒的侵染活性。苗期症状观察法结果表明,199株幼苗有2株表现花叶斑驳症状,种子传毒率为1.01%;而利用DAS-ELISA和IC-RT-PCR法随机检测30粒葫芦病株种子,CGMMV检出率为100%。种子各部位携带的CGMMV接种葫芦表现典型的花叶斑驳症状,表明葫芦种子携带的CGMMV具有侵染活性。DAS-ELISA检测葫芦种子CGMMV的灵敏度为1/5120种子研磨液。     

种子种苗上黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒IC-RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(CGMMV)是一种检疫性植物病毒, 种传和农事操作是其主要传播途径, 因此种子和种苗的早期检测尤为重要?鉴于种子检测的特殊性及幼苗病毒含量低的特点, 本试验通过制备CGMMV单克隆抗体, 结合特异性引物, 建立了黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒的IC-RT-PCR早期检测方法, 比较了IC-RT-PCR与DAS-ELISA和RT-PCR方法的特异性?灵敏度, 并对实际检测效果进行了评价?在操作程序上, IC-RT-PCR法与DAS-ELISA法一样简便, 但灵敏度远大于DAS-ELISA?IC-RT-PCR与RT-PCR均可检出20~25 ng种子上的病毒, 且特异性相当, 而DAS-ELISA法只可检出10 μg种子上的病毒?综上所述, IC-RT-PCR法可简便有效地应用于种子和种苗上CGMMV的检测, 为病毒防治的早期干预提供技术支撑?     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒疫情处置效果的研究

通过对经焚烧深埋处理的CGMMV染疫甜瓜植株和用土壤消毒剂处理的土壤的连续取样;提取土壤和病残植株样品的RNA;经RT-PCR检测和汁液摩擦接种植株的方法,检测了带有CGMMV植株残体和土壤中病毒核酸的存在和其侵染活性。结果表明:经过通常检疫销毁的病植株残体和土壤可以检到病毒RNA,但已没有侵染活性。     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒在葫芦上的种传规律及热处理效果评价

为明确黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)在葫芦上的种传规律,以西瓜砧木葫芦种子为材料,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法(DAS-ELISA)、反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)与生物学检测相结合的方法研究葫芦种子的带毒率和传毒率的关系,并评价了干热处理对病毒的钝化效果。结果表明,DAS-ELISA灵敏度检测种子时,在感染种子研磨液∶健康种子研磨液为1∶1 000时,带毒量仍能检测出阳性,RT-PCR和DAS-ELISA两种方法均能准确检测葫芦种子的带毒情况;6个批次的葫芦种子有4个批次呈阳性,带毒率在0~100%之间,贮藏1年后的传毒率在0~5.6%之间;4个为CGMMV阳性的种子批经干热处理后,仅1株实生苗呈阳性。研究表明,CGMMV在葫芦作物上的隐性带毒现象非常普遍;种子的带毒率高而传毒率低,以表面带毒为主,且非常稳定;72℃72 h干热处理葫芦种子能有效地钝化CGMMV。     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒安徽分离物全基因组序列测定及分析

通过胶体金免疫层析试纸条和RT-PCR等手段对采自安徽和县的西瓜病株进行检测,确定其病原为黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)。为明确CGMMV安徽分离物CGMMV-Anhui的分类地位,进一步克隆了该病毒的全基因组序列,分析了其基因组结构特征。结果表明,CGMMV-Anhui基因组全长为6 423bp(GenBank登录号KT236095),与已报道的CGMMV的编码区的基因结构一致,仅5′和3′端非编码区核苷酸数目略有差异。将CGMMV-Anhui与已报道的分离物的全基因组序列和外壳蛋白基因序列进行系统发育分析,显示CGMMV不同分离物可分为亚洲和欧洲两个组,安徽分离物CGMMV-Anhui与亚洲分离物亲缘关系较近,可能具有共同的侵染源。     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测体系的建立

为灵敏、快速地检测西瓜种子和果实中的黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV),根据该病毒的衣壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)序列设计特异性引物,建立基于SYBR Green Ⅰ染料的实时荧光定量PCR(real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)技术,并对采集的12份不同发育期西瓜果实样品进行检测。结果表明,建立的RT-qPCR检测技术可对西瓜种子中的CGMMV含量进行精确检测,检测下限为3.35×10~2 copies/μL。采集的12份不同发育期西瓜果实样品中有10份被检测出携带CGMMV,病毒含量范围为1.00×10~4～4.80×10~6 copies/μL。随着果实发育,由CGMMV引起的果实倒瓤症状愈加明显,果实中CGMMV的积累量也明显增加。授粉后25 d西瓜果实中CGMMV的含量是授粉后10 d时的30倍,表明病毒在果实中的积累可能受生长发育期的影响且果实倒瓤症状的形成与病毒积累量呈正相关。     

实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒

根据黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒不同分离物外壳蛋白基因(CP)的保守序列,设计合成引物和TaqMan荧光探针,建立了黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒的实时荧光RT-PCR(Real time RT-PCR)检测方法.该方法利用TaqMan探针水解产生的荧光信号实时监测目标基因的扩增,实现PCR扩增与检测同步进行.结果表明,实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测灵敏度比普通RT-PCR高约10倍,并且具有快速、简便、准确的优点,适合于CGMMV的快速、高效检测.     

湖南首次检测到黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒

 黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒（Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV）自1935年首次报道^［1］以来,已广泛分布于亚洲、欧洲、南美洲的多个国家和地区,对葫芦科作物的生产造成了严重损失。CGMMV主要有两种重要的传播途径,一是带毒种子造成远距离传播,二是授粉、嫁接等农事操作造成的田间传播^［2］。     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病防治研究进展

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)主要危害葫芦科作物,已被世界上许多国家和地区列为检疫性有害生物。CGMMV目前在我国23个省、市、区已有报道发生和危害,严重影响葫芦科作物的生产;近年来该病害在国内外呈现迅猛扩展的趋势并对生产造成危害。本文综述了防治该病害的种子处理、化学及生物防治、嫁接以及转基因等分子生物学方法;分析了CGMMV与寄主黄瓜互作研究的最新进展,对小分子RNA参与调控寄主对CGMMV病毒的防控策略提出了展望,并概述了下一代测序技术、基因编辑技术在植物新病毒的检测、鉴定以及培育抗病新品种等方面的应用。     

Seed disinfection treatments do not sufficiently eliminate the infectivity of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) on cucurbit seeds

Tobamoviruses induce crop diseases that are responsible for significant economic losses around the world. Like other tobamoviruses, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) forms highly stable particles that can persist for long periods on plant debris, in soil and on seed surfaces. These particles serve as a primary source of infection, infecting seedlings from which the virus can then be mechanically transmitted to other neighbouring plants. Contaminated seeds also provide a route for the movement of the virus between countries and its introduction into new areas. Effective seed disinfection treatments and the use of uncontaminated seed may reduce the global prevalence of this virus. Several treatments based on the use of heat or chemicals have been reported to effectively eliminate CGMMV and other tobamoviruses from seeds. An evaluation of these treatments on highly contaminated seed lots revealed inconsistent results, which encouraged the construction of a more accurate detection method that combines morphological, serological, molecular and biological analyses in one protocol. The detection of viable (infectious) viral particles in seed treated with heat, trisodium phosphate or a combined treatment, indicates that these treatments are insufficient. The serological detection of CGMMV in the inner parts of infected seeds provides a possible explanation for the inconsistent efficacy of these treatments.     

The honeybee Apis mellifera contributes to Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus spread via pollination

The tobamovirus Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is efficiently transmitted between plants by mechanical contact. So far, no clear evidence has been reported regarding the transmission potential of the virus by beneficial pollinator insects. This study examined the capability of the well‐known pollinator honeybee Apis mellifera to transmit CGMMV in cucurbits using melon and cucumber plants as a model. In order to provide a clear answer to that question, five experiments were designed on various scales performed under three environmental conditions. The results show that under protected cropping conditions, CGMMV is transmitted by the honeybees. The location of the beehive in relation to both the CGMMV primary inoculum source and the healthy plants during honeybee foraging plays an important role in the efficiency of CGMMV spread. Furthermore, in the presence of early stage CGMMV‐inoculated plants, the efficiency of CGMMV spread to uninoculated plants placed on the honeybees’ path to the beehive may increase. To the authors’ knowledge, CGMMV transmission by honeybees has not yet been shown, and this study can be adopted for other tobamovirus related research.     

应用MNP-RT-PCR方法检测黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒

 A novel RT-PCR method integrated with Magnetic Nano Particles (MNP), MNP-RT-PCR, was set up for detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV). After the virus particles in crude sap were concentrated by MNP, viral RNAs were released and were detected by RT-PCR. CGMMV could be detected in as less as 10 ng watermelon leaf materials. Compared with normal RT-PCR, the method decreased the inhibitors of plant material and steps for extracting RNA, and also increased the sensitivity of RT-PCR detection in less time. The method is simple and suitable for quick detection of plant virus in a large number of samples.     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒低风险参照物质的研制

采用RT-PCR方法扩增黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒的外壳蛋白基因与3,非编码区,并将其构建到马铃薯X病毒(PVX)载体中.重组质粒经线性化及体外转录后接种烟草,获得含有病毒外壳蛋白基因的感病植株.感病组织可用于分子检测的质控,也可作为毒源来繁殖阳性参照物质.基于PVX载体制备的参照物质可降低检疫性病毒的生物安全风险,尤其对稳定性强、可造成严重经济损失的高风险病毒的检疫更具实用价值.