乙烯利和ABA处理对‘金魁’猕猴桃果实后熟软化的生理效应

研究了乙烯利和ABA处理对‘金魁’美味猕猴桃采后生理及内源激素的影响。结果表明：‘金魁’果实属典型的呼吸跃变型果实，具有明显的呼吸跃变和乙烯释放高峰。乙烯利和ABA处理显著地促进了果实的呼吸和乙烯释放，加速果实硬度的下降，从而加速果实的后熟衰老，相比之下，乙烯利较ABA更能促进果实的成熟和软化。同时乙烯利和ABA处理还促进了果实内源ABA的积累．加速IAA和GA3水平的下降。     

乙烯利、ABA对北五味子品质的影响

以北五味子为材料,在转色期分别用400 mg/L乙烯利和1 g/L ABA处理果实。结果表明:乙烯利、ABA处理的北五味子果实单粒质量、单粒体积、可溶性固形物、还原糖、花色苷含量都显著高于对照,滴定酸含量显著低于对照,ABA的作用效果优于乙烯利。     

种子引发对高粱幼苗耐盐性的生理效应

 【目的】探讨种子引发对高粱幼苗耐盐性及其生理效应的影响。【方法】用100 mmol?L-1NaCl溶液和20%PEG溶液对甜饲1号、Tx623A×89-363、黑30A×05-244和晋杂17共4个高粱杂交种进行引发处理。采用营养沙培试验,设置0、50、100和150 mmol?L-1NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫。研究引发处理对NaCl胁迫下,种子发芽、幼苗耐盐性及其幼苗生理效应的影响。【结果】引发处理不同程度提高了4个品种幼苗的耐盐指数和耐盐比率。提高了盐胁迫下种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,且以NaCl溶液引发效果最明显。在100 mmol?L-1NaCl溶液胁迫过程中,特别是在盐胁迫后期,经NaCl溶液引发处理后,4个品种幼苗叶片SOD、POD活性和脯氨酸含量都比未引发处理高。【结论】采用合理的种子引发技术可以有效提高高粱苗期的耐盐性,解决盐渍地种植高粱出苗差、保苗难问题。种子引发通过提高盐胁迫下高粱幼苗保护酶活性及渗透调节物质含量等,增强了幼苗的耐盐性。     

外源ABA对NaCl胁迫下枸杞幼苗生长和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

外源ABA能提高枸杞叶片组织含水量和株高的净生长量，提高盐胁迫下枸杞叶片光合色素总叶绿素含量。随着时间的延长，ABA能增加类胡萝卜素含量，提高类胡萝卜素／叶绿素值；使叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fv／Fm、Fv／Fo、Fm／Fo、Fv有所增高，说明外源ABA能缓解盐胁迫时PSⅡ的伤害，有利于叶片光能的捕获和转换，增强光合作用，缓解胁迫对植物的伤害作用，促进植物生长。     

NaCl胁迫下不同番茄品种幼苗耐盐性研究

采用水培法,对11个番茄品种进行不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理,10d后调查不同品种番茄幼苗生长情况。结果表明,11个供试品种幼苗期存在明显的耐盐性差异。2608、2496为盐敏感品种,1480、2560为耐盐品种,其余均为中等耐盐品种。     

乙烯利对冬小麦的调节效应

本试验在小麦拔节期喷施０，１０００，２０００，３０００μｇ／ｇ乙烯利。结果表明乙烯利可以抑制小麦株高和基部第一、二、节间的生长，有利于矮化植株，防止倒伏。但同时也影响穗粒数和千粒重，以致造成减产。在不发生倒伏的条件下，１０００μｇ／ｇ乙烯利可能减产１０％左右，２０００或３０００μｇ／ｇ则减产更多。另外，试验还分析了乙烯利对小麦籽粒氨基酸组分的影响，初步说明乙烯利可能引起某些氨基酸组分的变化，从而影响到小麦籽粒品质。     

盐胁迫条件下氨基酸对荞麦幼苗生理特性的效应

以荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)盐敏感品种川荞3号和耐盐品种川荞4号为试验材料,研究盐胁迫条件下外源谷氨酸和天冬氨酸处理对荞麦幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明,适当浓度的谷氨酸和天冬氨酸处理可明显降低盐胁迫条件下荞麦叶片质膜透性和MDA含量,其中以盐敏感品种降低较多;并显著增加盐胁迫条件下荞麦叶片的SOD和CAT活性,天冬氨酸处理效果好于谷氨酸处理效果,使耐盐品种荞麦叶片的SOD和CAT活性恢复至对照水平。说明适当浓度的谷氨酸和天冬氨酸处理可明显提高荞麦幼苗的耐盐性,谷氨酸和天冬氨酸处理最适浓度分别为60μmol/L和40μmol/L。     

16个荞麦品种幼苗的耐盐性筛选与评价

为明确荞麦品种间在不同种类盐胁迫下耐盐性的差异,以16个荞麦品种为材料,设置了NaCl、Na₂SO₄和NaHCO₃ 3种单盐处理,研究了其对荞麦发芽率、发芽势、相对伤害率等的影响,最后对荞麦的耐盐性进行综合性评价。结果表明：荞麦对3种盐胁迫的响应存在明显差异,以NaHCO₃处理时16个荞麦品种的发芽率、发芽势、相对发芽势和相对发芽指数均相对较低,对荞麦种子萌发抑制作用最明显;NaCl对荞麦种子萌发的抑制作用最小,其中荞杂1号、平荞2号和川荞1号的萌发率和对照处理一致。荞麦种类间以甜荞的耐盐性高于苦荞。耐盐性综合性评价筛选出耐盐性较强的苦荞品种为九江苦荞和云荞1号,甜荞品种为宁荞1号和贵红甜1号。     

乙烯利延迟李树花期的效应

秋季落叶前，以浓度为500mg/kg的乙烯利给李树喷雾，可延迟花期，不但没有提高坐果率和产量，而是降低了坐果率和产量，对平均单果重和固形物含量影响不大，对树体生长无不良影响。     

Effects of Hypergravity on Salt Tolerance of Wheat Seedlings

[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effects of hypergravity on saJt tolerance of wheat seedlings. [Method] The seed germination rate (Gr) and germination index (Gi) of wheat seedlings were measured under hypergravity of 600 x g or 1 000 x g for 4 h and under the stress of 0.4% or 0.9% salt solution. The catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) content of wheat seedlings were also measured under 0.4% salt stress. [Result] Compared with seedlings in CK group (no hypergravity or salt stress), the Gr and G/of the seedlings in salt stress treatment decreased to differ-ent extents; while the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in treatment group (hypergravity and salt stress) increased compared with that in salt stress group. CAT in seedlings of hypergravity treatment was higher than that of CK group and 0.4% salt treatment group, meanwhile the MDA showed an opposite result. [Conclusion] Hypergravity could enhance the salt resistance of wheat in specific range, and hypergravity of 600 × g for 4 h pedormed better than that of 1 000×g for4 h.     

超重力处理对苜蓿幼苗抗盐性的影响

试验以苜蓿为材料,以2000×g、3000×g、4000×g的超重力对刚萌动的种子分别处理2h、3h、4h,用1．1％的NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫,观察出苗时间、出苗率,测定相关的生理生化指标。结果表明,随处理时间的延长,处理超重力的加大,苜蓿的发芽率(Gr)和发芽指数(Gi)有不同程度的降低。对苜蓿幼苗的游离脯氨酸积累量、根系活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分析可知3000×g超重力处理的抗盐性高于2000×g处理,4000×g处理低于2000×g处理,随处理时间的变化规律较为复杂,分析不同处理的各项指标可知,3000×g、3h是较合适的处理。说明利用一定程度的超重力处理可以提高苜蓿的抗盐性。     

超重力处理对小麦幼苗抗盐性的影响(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effects of hypergravity on salt tolerance of wheat seedlings. [Method] The seed germination rate (Gr) and germination index (Gi) of wheat seedlings were measured under hypergravity of 600×g or 1 000×g for 4 h and under the stress of 0.4% or 0.9% salt solution. The catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of wheat seedlings were also measured under 0.4% salt stress. [Result] Compared with seedlings in CK group (no hypergravity or salt stress),the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in salt stress treatment decreased to different extents; while the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in treatment group (hypergravity and salt stress) increased compared with that in salt stress group. CAT in seedlings of hypergravity treatment was higher than that of CK group and 0.4% salt treatment group,meanwhile the MDA showed an opposite result. [Conclusion] Hypergravity could enhance the salt resistance of wheat in specific range,and hypergravity of 600×g for 4 h performed better than that of 1 000×g for 4 h.     

超重力处理对小麦幼苗抗盐性的影响

以小麦为材料，进行超重力和盐胁迫处理，探讨其生理生化指标的变化，以期为超重力育种、植物抗性机理研究提供依据。     

Effects of Hypergravity on Salt Tolerance of Wheat Seedlings

[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effects of hypergravity on salt tolerance of wheat seedlings. [Method] The seed germination rate (Gr) and germination index (Gi) of wheat seedlings were measured under hypergravity of 600×g or 1 000×g for 4 h and under the stress of 0.4% or 0.9% salt solution. The catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of wheat seedlings were also measured under 0.4% salt stress. [Result] Compared with seedlings in CK group (no hypergravity or salt stress),the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in salt stress treatment decreased to different extents; while the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in treatment group (hypergravity and salt stress) increased compared with that in salt stress group. CAT in seedlings of hypergravity treatment was higher than that of CK group and 0.4% salt treatment group,meanwhile the MDA showed an opposite result. [Conclusion] Hypergravity could enhance the salt resistance of wheat in specific range,and hypergravity of 600×g for 4 h performed better than that of 1 000×g for 4 h.     

ABA对盐胁迫下番茄幼苗生理特性的影响

[目的]研究外源ABA对盐胁迫下番茄幼苗生理特性的影响。[方法]以番茄幼苗为材料,研究外源ABA对100mmol/LNaCl盐胁迫下番茄幼苗氧化损伤和保护酶活性的影响。[结果]0.05mmol/LABA处理能明显缓解100mmol/LNaCl盐胁迫伤害,使叶片MDA含量降低34.01%,细胞膜透性降低42.42%,SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高30.99%,45.69%和30.29%。较低浓度（0.01mmol/L）和较高浓度（0.10、0.15mmol/L）ABA处理的有效作用整体上明显降低。[结论]0.05mmol/LABA处理能明显缓解盐胁迫对番茄幼苗的氧化损伤,提高膜保护酶活性,增强幼苗的抗盐胁迫能力。ABA的作用具浓度效应。     

Zn2+对高温胁迫下荞麦幼苗耐热性的效应

以不同抗逆性荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)品种为实验材料,高温胁迫下采用不同浓度Zn2+处理,测定荞麦幼苗耐热生理指标。结果表明,适当浓度Zn2+处理可显著或极显著降低高温胁迫下荞麦叶片质膜透性,抗逆荞麦品种降低较多;显著或极显著增加高温胁迫下荞麦幼苗根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量及SOD活性,敏感荞麦品种增加较多,且使得抗逆荞麦品种叶片SOD活性恢复到对照水平,Zn2+处理的最适浓度为40μmol/L,说明适当浓度的外源Zn2+处理对荞麦耐热性具有明显促进效应。     

DNA甲基化抑制剂对水稻幼苗生长及耐盐性的影响

DNA甲基化抑制剂能够通过改变植物基因组的DNA甲基化水平从而对植物的开花、生长发育和抗逆性产生影响。以耐盐和盐敏感水稻品种为材料,分别在水稻萌发期和幼苗期用DNA甲基化抑制剂进行处理,并对处理后的幼苗进行盐胁迫。结果表明:萌发期抑制剂处理导致种子萌发率显著降低,幼苗出现矮化、成簇、死亡等症状,株高、根长和干重也受到了显著的抑制;同时,DNA甲基化抑制剂处理可以降低盐胁迫时地上部的钠离子浓度、提高抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性。上述结果表明DNA甲基化抑制剂通过改变基因组DNA的甲基化水平来影响水稻的生长发育,并通过影响离子吸收和抗氧化酶类的活性来影响水稻的耐盐性。     

砧穗互作对菊花嫁接苗耐盐性的影响

[目的]揭示黄蒿嫁接菊花对菊花耐盐性的影响,明确砧穗互作影响菊花耐盐性的机理.[方法]测定120 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下的'钟山嫣红'的扦插苗(自根苗)、扦插苗的自根嫁接苗(自接苗)、黄蒿砧木嫁接菊花(异根嫁接苗)的生理指标和叶片、茎段的Na+、K+离子含量.[结果]NaCl胁迫下,异根嫁接苗叶片受害率低于'...