拟谷盗属赤拟谷盗组重要种的鉴定

本文对拟步行虫科拟谷盗属有检疫及经济重要性的种进行了评述。查明在我国西北地区广泛分布的拟谷盗属的一种,国内文献中均误鉴为欧洲黑拟谷盗,实际上是同属的另一种——弗氏拟谷盗。对拟谷盗属赤拟谷盗组的4个重要种(弗氏拟谷盗、赤拟谷盗、美洲黑拟谷盗和欧洲黑拟谷盗)的区分特征进行了研究,通过比较雄性外生殖器揭示,弗氏拟谷盗与赤拟谷盗在亲缘关系上更接近,而欧洲黑拟谷盗与美洲黑拟谷盗在亲缘关系上更接近。     

赤拟谷盗的天然忌避剂

合成杀虫剂由于危害人类健康,故通常不能用来解决贮粮或粮食产品中害虫的严重问题。寻找廉价的、无公害的防治方法已引起人们的重视,监且不断需要比现存化学药剂更有效的、更持久的和更经济的忌避剂。 Jilani和Su(1983)曾研究过几种用于防治禾谷类作物害虫的植物类忌避剂;而Malik和Mujtaba(1984)曾报导Sausswened lappa根中的提取物对赤拟谷盗     

丁香对赤拟谷盗卵和幼虫的致死作用

在室内条件下,研究了丁香干燥花蕾粉末对赤拟谷盗卵和幼虫的影响。结果表明:丁香对赤拟谷盗卵孵化有明显的抑制作用,对赤拟谷盗幼虫有致死作用并且全部致死时间随着赤拟谷盗幼虫龄期的增大而延长,龄期越小的幼虫其全部致死时间越短。     

几种拟除虫菊酯类农药对赤拟谷盗的毒力测定及适应性评价

赤拟盗是一种重要的贮粮害虫。本文在室内条件下评价了６种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对赤拟合盗的毒性及其适用性。     

基于28SrRNA基因的PCR-RFLP分析对赤拟谷盗与杂拟谷盗进行分子鉴定

本研究拟利用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析方法对赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)和杂拟谷盗Tribolium confusum(Jac du Val)进行分子鉴定,以期为仓储害虫管理和口岸检疫提供技术帮助和支持。采用通用引物对赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的28S rRNA基因进行了PCR扩增、序列测定和分析,结果发现:扩增片段长约1070 bp,该序列种内均无变异位点、种间有76个变异位点,即种内没有核苷酸替换发生、种间核苷酸替换发生76次,其中转换56次,颠换20次,转换/颠换的比值为2.80。用限制性内切酶PvuI对赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的28S rRNA基因扩增产物进行酶切,电泳检测显示,赤拟谷盗和杂拟谷盗的28S rRNA基因扩增产物的PvuI酶切图谱(分别产生2个和3个酶切条带)明显不同,因此本研究建立的28S rRNA基因PCR-RFLP方法可用于赤拟谷盗与杂拟谷盗的分子鉴定。     

种群密度和食物对杂拟谷盗幼虫发育和蛹重的影响

杂拟谷盗Tribolium confusum J. du Val。是一种世界性仓库害虫,在加拿大分布广泛,主要在面粉及饲料加工厂里。此虫对某些粮食加工品和某些谷物品种有偏嗜性,似乎还因嗅觉反应而以趋向某些脂肪酸     

甲酸乙酯对面粉中赤拟谷盗的熏蒸效果

本文研究了甲酸乙酯对面粉中赤拟谷盗不同虫态的熏蒸作用。通过对熏蒸期间熏蒸剂浓度检测,计算浓度时间乘积(CT)计算不同时间下甲酸乙酯对赤拟谷盗各虫态达到99%控制的处理指标(Lct_(99))。结果表明甲酸乙酯熏蒸能有效防治面粉中的赤拟谷盗各虫态,赤拟谷盗不同虫态对甲酸乙酯的敏感性由强到弱依次为:卵>低龄幼虫>成虫>高龄幼虫>蛹。在23℃条件下处理6h和12h对面粉中赤拟谷盗的Lct_(99)分别为448.42和599.34mg·h/L     

赤拟谷盗气调辐照复合处理技术初探

赤拟谷盗（Tribolium castaneum Herbst）是一种常见的仓储害虫,繁殖迅速、危害严重,如导致面粉结块、异味以至不能食用。气调处理作为一种环境友好型溴甲烷替代处理技术,目前已用于检疫和装运前处理。为确定赤拟谷盗检疫处理技术指标,以卵、低、中、老熟幼虫、蛹和成虫为对象,在室温（26～28℃）条件下测试其在1%、2%和4%低氧环境（N2平衡）下的死亡率,数据经方差分析、机率值分析及其LT99致死剂量比率比较,耐受性顺序为：蛹>老熟幼虫>中幼虫≥成虫>低幼虫≥卵;蛹为最耐受虫态,其LT99值分别为5.3 (5.0～5.7) d、5.5 (5.3～5.7) d,和15.5 (14.8～16.3) d。蛹经150 Gy X-射线辐照后再进行4%O2气调处理,LT99值为13.0 (11.8,14.8) d,计算致死剂量的协同比率为1.12～1.19,表明气调与辐照处理间存在协同增效作用。在26～28℃气调环境下,预测蛹的致死时间LT99.9 968分别为7.2 d(1%),7.3 d (2%),22.5 d (4%)和19.9 d (4%+150 Gy),建议...     

艳山姜叶挥发油对赤拟谷盗的杀虫活性

为开发新型仓储防护剂,研究艳山姜Alpinia zerumbet叶子挥发油的化学成分及其对仓储害虫赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum的杀虫活性。通过GC-MS分析了艳山姜叶挥发油的化学成分,并通过熏蒸、触杀试验测试挥发油及单体成分的活性。艳山姜叶挥发油中鉴定出31种化合物,主要成分为邻伞花烃(14.86%)、桉油精(8.44%)、芳樟醇(8.28%)、氧化石竹烯(7.62%)、柠檬烯(7.29%)、莰烯(7.23%)、α-蒎烯(6.40%)和左旋樟脑(6.20%)。通过生物活性筛选,艳山姜叶挥发油对赤拟谷盗成虫具有触杀毒性(LD_(50)值为6.59μg/头)和熏蒸毒性(LC_(50)为5.19mg/L)。挥发油中的主要化合物莰烯、柠檬烯和桉油精对赤拟谷盗均有一定的触杀毒性,LD_(50)分别为5.13、14.97和18.83μg/头。莰烯对赤拟谷盗还显示出较强的熏蒸活性,LC_(50)为4.10mg/L。因此,艳山姜叶挥发油及其活性化合物在应用于赤拟谷盗的防治方面有潜力。     

甲酸乙酯对不同磷化氢抗性水平赤拟谷盗的毒力比较

参考FAO推荐的熏蒸剂毒力测定方法,测定了甲酸乙酯对4种不同磷化氢抗性水平的赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum(Herbst))品系的毒力.主要结果为甲酸乙酯对4个磷化氢抗性系数分别为1、3、170和247倍的赤拟谷盗品系的LD50值相应地为17.354L/m3、18.776L/m3、20.464L/m3和21.470 mL/m3.结果表明,不同磷化氢抗性的赤拟谷盗品系对甲酸乙酯的敏感相似,对磷化氢具有明显抗性的赤拟谷盗对甲酸乙酯未表现出抗性.     

雷公藤总生物碱对几种昆虫的生物活性

为进一步确定雷公藤总生物碱的杀虫作用谱和作用方式,评价其应用前景,采用室内生测法研究了对小菜蛾、菜青虫、棉铃虫、黏虫、玉米象、桃蚜、山楂叶螨、家蝇的生物活性。结果表明,雷公藤总生物碱对小菜蛾3龄幼虫、黏虫3龄幼虫、菜青虫5龄幼虫、桃蚜无翅成蚜、山楂叶螨雌成螨和棉铃虫3龄幼虫48 h的毒杀活性LC50分别为228.28、306.39、307.61、0、435.90、622.17、653.00 mg/L,72 h后LC50分别为136.67、216.12、238.18、309.67、485.36、463.00 mg/L;对家蝇成虫也有较好的毒杀作用;对棉铃虫幼虫生长有明显抑制作用;对玉米象有较强的种群抑制作用。     

Composition and toxic, repellent and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against the stored-grain pests Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

BACKGROUND: The composition and bioactivity of essential oils from Tagetes terniflora Kunth, Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. and Elyonurus muticus (Spreng) Kuntz were evaluated against stored‐grain pests. RESULTS: Fumigant and contact toxicities were observed with T. terniflora on adults of both pests. In contact toxicity, this oil was less toxic to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Essential oils from C. citratus and E. muticus showed contact toxicity on S. oryzae. All essential oils produced: (a) repellency on larvae and adults of T. castaneum and adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.); (b) post‐ingestive toxicity on T. castaneum larvae and S. oryzae adults and alteration of nutritional index on T. castaneum and S. oryzae adults. Cymbopogon citratus reduced the relative growth rate and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food in T. castaneum larvae. Tagetes terniflora produced a feeding stimulant effect in T. castaneum adults. In addition, they had a feeding deterrent action against S. oryzae adults. The composition of essential oils from C. citratus and E. muticus varied only in one component. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the essential oils from T. terniflora, C. citratus and E. muticus should be studied further for their use in integrated pest management programmes for T. castaneum and S. oryzae control. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Composition of essential oil of Chinese Chenopodium ambrosioides and insecticidal activity against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais

BACKGROUND: In a screening programme for new agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs, Chenopodium ambrosioides L. was found to possess strong fumigant activity against the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.). Essential oil of C. ambrosioides was obtained by hydrodistillation, and the constituents were determined by GC‐MS analysis. The active compounds were isolated and identified by bioassay‐directed fractionation. RESULTS: Five active compounds [(Z)‐ascaridole, 2‐carene, ρ‐cymene, isoascaridole and α‐terpinene] were isolated and identified from the essential oil from Chinese C. ambrosioides. The LC₅₀ values (fumigation) of the crude essential oils and the active compound (Z)‐ascaridole against S. zeamais adults were 3.08 and 0.84 mg L^?1 air respectively. The LD₅₀ values (contact toxicity) of the crude essential oil and (Z)‐ascaridole against S. zeamais adults were 2.12 and 0.86 µg g^?1 body weight respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides and its main active constituent, (Z)‐ascaridole, may be explored as a natural potential fumigant. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Toxic and repellent effects of Baccharis salicifolia essential oil on Tribolium castaneum

Allelochemical effects were observed when Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults were treated with Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers essential oil. The main biological activities were toxicity and repellence. Terpenes present in the essential oil were identified by GC-MS, and some authentic samples were tested to assess their activity individually. The most acutely toxic compounds after 3 days were beta-pinene and pulegone. Most of the monoterpenes elicited symptoms indicative of neurotoxicity. The most repellent compound was alpha-terpineol. Toxic and repellent effects of chemical derivatives of the major sesquiterpene present in B salicifolia essential oil, as well as a series of monoterpenes, were evaluated in order to investigate structure-activity relationships. The reduced derivatives of the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were more repellent that their carbonyl analogues. In addition, unsaturation in the germacrane skeleton enhanced repellent activity.     

肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗的熏蒸作用及对成虫保护酶活性的影响

为明确肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum各发育阶段的杀虫活性及对成虫几种保护酶活性的影响, 本试验采用三角瓶密闭熏蒸法测定了肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫、蛹和成虫的熏蒸作用及24 h致死中浓度熏蒸后成虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果表明, 肉桂醛的熏蒸效果与其浓度和赤拟谷盗发育阶段有关, 肉桂醛2.5 μL/L熏蒸72 h对赤拟谷盗成虫的熏蒸效果最好, 幼虫次之。在24 h致死中浓度处理下, 赤拟谷盗成虫体内SOD、POD、CAT活性分别在48、12 h和36 h达到最高, 其活性分别为对照的2.70、1.03倍和1.96倍。随着熏蒸时间的延长, 成虫POD活性在处理36 h后低于对照, SOD、CAT活性分别在处理36~60 h和24~48 h显著高于对照。综上所述, 经肉桂醛熏蒸处理后, 赤拟谷盗成虫体内动态平衡受到破坏, 进而产生毒害作用。因此, 肉桂醛对赤拟谷盗的生物防治有较高的应用价值。     

Effect of fungal metabolites and some derivatives against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Nezara viridula (L.)

Two fungal metabolites, aspyrone (3-(1,2-epoxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-5,6-dihydropyran-2-one) and asperlactone (3-(1,2-epoxypropyl)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-5-furan-2-one) were isolated from an Aspergillus ochraceus Wilhelm strain showing IGR activity against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Synthetic derivatives of aspyrone were produced using published methods. These derivatives together with aspyrone and asperlactone were tested for insect growth-regulating activity against T. castaneum, and for ovicidal activity against Nezara viridula L. Of the compounds tested asperlactone appeared to be the most active.