Dendroclimatic analysis of Betula ermanii forests at their upper limit of distribution in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

In order to detect the effects of climate change on Erman's birch (Betula ermanii Charm.), we examined radial growth—climate relationships of Erman's birch forests at their upper limit of distribution in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. Thirty Erman's birch trees from six stands were sampled at an elevation of about 1950 m a.s.l. Correlation and response function coefficients indicated that radial growth of Erman's birch was positively influenced by previous August, October and current February temperature, and previous winter, and current March, June and September precipitation. In addition, radial growth showed a negative relationship to previous August and current June sunshine ratio. Precipitation and temperatures in annualization periods also positively affected the radial growth of Erman's birch. Regression analyses indicated that precipitation explained more variation in radial growth than minimum temperature. Together, these results suggested that climate affected radial growth of Erman's birch through altering soil water availability. Therefore, the radial growth of Erman's birch at the tree line in Changbai Mountain could not be predicted by temperature alone even under a scenario of global warming.     

气候变化和长白山岳桦树线树木年轮的关系

通过对生长在海拔1950m岳桦的树轮生长特征和气候关系的分析,评价了长白山树线对气候因子的敏感性。结果表明,长白山岳桦树线对气候因子有明显的敏感性,与其它研究不同的是,影响树线处岳桦生长的主要气候因子并不是当年夏季的温度,而是上年冬季的平均最低温度和当年3月的温度。尽管研究区降水量很大,但年轮宽度与上年冬季和当年春季的降水呈显著相关。另外,由于气候因子的年际变化对岳桦径向生长没有明显的影响,因此自20世纪80年代以来的年平均温度的升高并没有在年轮宽度上表现出持续的增加。图2表5参39。     

长白山岳桦体内碳素供应状况

低温条件常常驱动的碳缺乏导致高海拔处植物生长缓慢,生长季的高寒低温更是限制高海拔地区树木向上分布的关键因素之一。高海拔地区的不利     

Problems and relevant strategies on natural forest protection in Changbai Mountain forest area

Changbai Mountain forest area is not only is a national timber base but also a green ecological defense for Songliao Plain of NE China. The Natural Forest Protection Project of this area has an important bearing on the social and economic sustainable development of Jilin Province or even the whole forest area in NE China. This paper summarized general conditions of natural forest in Changbai Mountain state-owned forest area and put forward six problems need to be urgently solved and five strategic suggestions on natural forest protection and sustainable management.     

长白山北坡林线分布趋势的研究(英文)

为了揭示高山树线随着气候变化而变化的现象，对长白山的高山树线变化趋势进行了研究。根据长白山北坡地区的气象数据，重点调查了（对树线有最大限制作用）一月平均气温和年积温。并在岳桦林与高山苔原之间的交叉带内测出岳桦的地径及样方内岳桦株数。根据地径与年龄有线性关系，地径可以用来代替年龄。结果表明岳桦林年龄随着海拔的上升而降低。近些年长白山北坡的气温在渐渐上升，因此导致了高山树线的上升。     

长白山北坡森林群落交错区优势树种动态

基于28个20mx90m样地的调查数据,利用Lotka-Volterra模型,本文分析了长白山北坡阔叶红松(Pinuskoraiensis)林和云冷杉林(也叫暗针叶林)群落交错区优势树种之间的竞争及动态。结果显示:在自然条件下,群落将向两个方向分化,一是以云杉(PiceajezoensisandP.koraiensis)和冷杉(Abiesnephrolepis)为优势的群落,并在达到平衡时冷杉占绝对优势(相对优势度的77.1%):另一种是以红松或云冷杉和阔叶树占绝对优势的针阔混交林,并在达到平衡时,阔叶树在阔叶红松林中占相对优势度的50%,在云冷杉一阔叶林类型中占66%。同时,本研究说明:(1)阔叶红松林和云冷杉林都是长白山气候顶极群落:(2)交错区具有过渡性质:(3)森林群落的分化结果说明演替的方向受局部生境的影响。图1表3参24。     

Dynamics of dominant tree species in a forest ecotone on the northern slop of Changbai Mountain

The competition and dynamics of dominant trees species in the forest ecotone between the broad-leaved/Korean pine （Pinus koraiensis） mixed forest and the spruce-fir forest （also known as dark conifer forest） in Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province in Northeast China were studied by using Lotka-Volterra model, based on the data from twenty-eight sample plots with area of 20 mx90 m for each one. Results showed that under natural condition, differentiation of communities followed two directions： one would be Spruce （Picea jezoensis and few P. koraiensis） and fir （Abies nephrolepis） co-dominant conifer forest, and at the equilibrium fir was absolutely preponderant （77.1% of relative dominance （RD））; the other would be the conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, and at equilibrium, the broad-leaved tree species was 50% of RD in the broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest and 66% of RD in the broad-leaved and spruce-fir mixed forest. The study demonstrated that both broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest and dark conifer forest were climax community, the ecotone had transitional characteristics, and the diversification of the forest communities suggested that the direction of succession was affected by local habitat.     

Biomass distribution patterns of ecotones between forest and swamp in Changbai Mountain

This paper studied the biomass distribution patterns ofLarix olgensis/swamp ecotones andBetula platyphlla/swamp ecotones in Changbai Mountain so as to provide theory foundation for the management of these nature resources, by setting up sample belts, investigating initial data along the environmental gradients change, and establishing regression models. By means of regression models, the biomass of communities, layers, tree species and organs was calculated. In this system, it was found that the community biomass increased gradually along the environmental gradients change from swamp to forest in Changbai Mountain. Furthermore, the ecotoneal biomass distributed mainly over tree layer. The tree biomass distributed mainly in two or three dominate tree species. Foundation item: This project is supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Education Committee. Biography: MU Chang-cheng (1964-), male, associate researcher fellow in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110015, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

吉林省长白山区侵蚀沟林业工程治理适宜树种选择的研究

确定根蘖能力、固土能力、耐瘠薄能力、耐干旱能力4个性状为选择目标性状,并兼顾参试树种的生物学特性,对吉林省长白山区侵蚀沟林业工程治理适宜栽植的树种进行了测试分析和研究。结果表明：树种不同性状的表现存在显著的遗传性差异;按4个性状和生物学特性综合表现评定,选择出在吉林省长白山区侵蚀沟林业工程治理中适宜栽植的最佳树种,分别是：胡枝子、刺槐、紫穗槐、沙棘、赤松、白榆、山杨、旱柳。     

大气CO2倍增对长白山不同树种的苗木的影响

组成长白山阔叶红松林的主要树种红松、云杉、落叶松、大青杨、白桦、椴树、水曲柳和色木的幼树,盆栽于模拟自然光照和人工调节CO2浓度为700祄olmol-1、400祄olmol-1的气室内两个生长季(1998-1999),以生长在400祄olmol-1下的幼树为对照组。研究结果表明:高CO2浓度下生长的红松、云杉、落叶松、大青杨、白桦、椴树、水曲柳和色木的高生长比对照组的幼树提高10%~40%。水分利用效率均有不同程度的提高,但不同树种叶绿素含量和蒸腾速率对高CO2浓度反应不一。长期高CO2浓度环境下生长的阔叶树对大气CO2浓度升高反应较针叶树敏感,供试8个树种对CO2浓度的升高均发生光合驯化现象。图2表2参24。     

长白山国家级自然保护区森林火灾现状与对策

针对吉林长白山国家级自然保护区森林防火工作的特点,分析了森林火灾的特殊性,指出了森林防火工作存在的问题,并提出了相应对策与建议.     

长白山北坡林区的火警特征与林火管理对策

通过对2006年10月发生在长白山北坡的森林火警的分析,结果表明:人为火源是该地区引发森林火灾的重要原因,尤其是在红松籽成熟的季节;秋季人为火源多于春季。针对长白山北坡的林火隐患,提出了林火管理对策。     

长白山自然保护区阔叶红松林林隙更新状况

该以长白山大面积分布的阔叶红松林林隙为研究对象．系统调查了林隙形成木和林隙填充的特征，并对其主要树种的更新环境进行研究。结果表明，长白山阔叶红松林林隙多数是由1．4株形成木形成的，林隙形成木主要是红松、水曲柳、蒙古栎和紫椴；林隙填充中，紫椴和色木槭的数量最多，红松所占比例较小。不同大小林隙内填充的数量也不同，近似呈一个偏左的正态分布。现有的红松幼树一般都分布在林隙内或林隙边缘，更新环境良好。     

长白山马鹿的调查

马鹿在吉林省的分布区可划为 3个一级区和 8个二级区 ,适栖面积为 1.0 4× 10 6hm2 ,预计数量为 9853± 3586只 ,马鹿的平均寿命为 6.9岁。     

长白山国家级自然保护区森林防火无线通讯系统建设探讨

本文介绍了长白山保护区森林防火无线通讯系统的发展过程、现状、优缺点,阐述了当前无线通讯系统改进的必要性和措施,旨在为长白山保护区无线通讯系统改造提供参考.     

长白山自然保护区蝴蝶区系研究

2003～2006年对长白山保护区蝴蝶种类进行了多次系统调查,共采集蝴蝶100种,隶属于7科59属,区系成分以广布种为主,各林带蝴蝶种类以红松阔叶林最多,苔原带最少,体现了环境变化对蝴蝶种类分布的影响。     

吉林省长白山林区采育林经营技术规程的研究

本文根据长白山顶级森林群落特点及林区现状,以现代林业理论为指导,以吉林省汪清林业局采育林模式为支撑,以林区大量森林调查数据为基础,提出了吉林省长白山采育林经营技术规程编制原则、内容及论据等,旨在用于指导吉林省长白山林区的森林经营。     

土壤温度和水分对长白山3种温带森林土壤呼吸的影响

为了研究土壤温度和土壤含水量对阔叶红松林(山地暗棕壤)、云冷杉暗针叶林(山地棕针叶林土壤)和岳桦林(生草森林土)的土壤呼吸的影响,于2001年9月在长白山进行了土壤实验。利用增加土壤样柱的含水量,将土壤含水量分为9%,、21%、30%、37%和43%5个等级,土壤样品分别在0、5、15、25和35的温度下保持24小时。阔叶红松林土壤在0~35范围内,土壤呼吸速率与温度呈正相关。在一定的含水量范围内(21%~37%),土壤呼吸随含水量的增加而升高,当含水量超出该范围,土壤呼吸速率则随含水量的变化而降低。土壤温度和水分对土壤呼吸作用存在明显的交互作用。不同森林类型土壤呼吸作用强弱存在显著差异,大小顺序为阔叶红松林>岳桦林>云冷杉暗针叶林.红松阔叶林土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是土壤温度35,含水量37%;云冷杉暗针叶林下的山地棕色针叶土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是25,21%;岳桦林土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是35,含水量37%。但是,由于长白山阔叶红松林,云冷杉林和岳桦林处在不同的海拔带上,同期不同森林类型土壤温度各不相同,相差4~5,所以野外所测的同期的山地棕色针叶林土呼吸速率应低于暗棕色森林土呼吸速率,山地生草森林土呼吸速率应高于山地棕色针叶林土的呼吸速率。图2表1参25。     

Biomass distribution patterns of ecotones between forest and swamp in Changbai Mountaion

IntroductionUnderstanding the distribution patterns of biomassalong environmental gradients change from swampsthrough ecotones to forests is vital not only for revealing the law of ecotoneal community structure,function and succession, but also for conserving andmanaging ecotoneal communities. Research resultsshowed that conditions stressful in other environments might increase primary production in plantsadapted to wetland ecotones. For example, Sharmaand Gopal (1977) studied biomass structu…     

Age structure of Tilia broad-leaved Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain

IntroductionAgestructureoftrees,whichreflcctsrcge11eratio11processandvelocity,meansquantityoftreesdividingbyage.Broad-leavedKoreanpineforestwastl1etypicalzol1alvegetationofChangbaiMountaininNortheastO1ina,anditwastheprimarygymnospermconununitysurvivedaftertheQuatemaryGlacierPeriod.Alotofcommunityinf`)r-mationaccumulatCdinthestr-uctllreofforeststandsa11dgrowingprocessofindividualtrees.So,athoroughstUdyonagestructureanditsdistributiol1ofbroad-leavedKore-anpine.forestwouldprovidetl1eoretical…