长白赤松和红松土壤微生物活性对高浓度CO_2的响应(英文)

研究了2003 年夏季长白赤松和红松土壤微生物活性对高浓度CO2的响应规律。结果表明,长白赤松和红松土壤细菌数量受高浓度CO2影响显著(p < 0.05)减少;与对照箱(350 μmol ·mol-1 CO2)和裸地(350 μmol ·mol-1 CO2)相比,红松土壤淀粉酶和转化酶活性降低,而长白赤松土壤淀粉酶和转化酶活性却表现为增加;同时发现受700 μmol ·mol-1 CO2处理的红松和长白赤松土壤微生物生物量碳均表现为显著降低。DGGE 结果表明:受高浓度CO2 的影响,长白赤松和红松土壤细菌群落结构发生了明显的变化。研究结果表明土壤微生物对高浓度CO2的响应规律与所研究的的树种有关。图2 表2 参29。     

高浓度CO2下红松幼苗根系呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献

本文于2003年5月至10月在长白山森林生态系统定位站内研究了高浓度CO2(500和700靘olmol-1)对红松幼苗土壤呼吸以及根系呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献。经过4个生长季高浓度CO2的处理,利用LI-6400-09土壤呼吸室对红松幼苗土壤总呼吸和根系呼吸进行了测定。为了区分根系呼吸对土壤总呼吸的贡献,本文采用了PVC管断根法,即每种处理下将三根PVC管插入土壤中30cm以切断根系,从而终止了植物冠层对根系碳水化合物的供应。分别于6月16日、8月20日和10月8日对管内外土壤呼吸进行了测定。结果表明大气和土壤5cm温度都存在明显的日变化,但不同处理之间没有显著差别(P>0.05)。土壤总呼吸和断根土壤呼吸也有明显的日变化和季节变化。不同处理之间土壤总呼吸和断根土壤呼吸差异显著(P<0.01)。6月16日、8月20日和10月8日不同处理下土壤总呼吸和根系呼吸的贡献的平均值分别为3.26、4.78和1.47靘olm-2s-1以及11.5%、43.1%和27.9%。图5表1参38。     

长白山阔叶-红松林主要树种对高浓度CO2的响应

以长白山阔叶-红松林主要树种为材料,盆栽于模拟自然光照和人工调节CO2浓度400μmol/mol、700μmol/mol下两个生长季节,高浓度CO2下生长的8种供试树种光合速度比对照组的幼树提高29.40%～58.39%.通过对高浓度CO2下幼树光合作用动态变化的研究,发现经长期在高浓度CO2下生长的供试8个树种均表现出随时间的延长树木叶片光合速度失去原有在高浓度CO2下出现的光合优势.     

长白山阔叶—红松林主要树种对高浓度CO_2的响应

以长白山阔叶—红松林主要树种为材料 ,盆栽于模拟自然光照和人工调节CO2 浓度4 0 0 μmol/mol、 70 0 μmol/mol下两个生长季节 ,高浓度CO2 下生长的 8种供试树种光合速度比对照组的幼树提高 2 9 4 0 %～ 58 39%。通过对高浓度CO2 下幼树光合作用动态变化的研究 ,发现经长期在高浓度CO2 下生长的供试 8个树种均表现出随时间的延长树木叶片光合速度失去原有在高浓度CO2 下出现的光合优势     

在长白山生态系统中长期的高浓度CO2熏蒸对土壤酶的影响

从1999年到2006年在中科院长白山森林生态系统定位站（42°24＇N,128°28＇E,海拔738m）对长期高浓度CO2熏蒸对土壤酶活性的影响进行了研究.采用开顶箱（OTC）的方式对红松和长白松进行高浓度CO2处理, CO2浓度分别受控于高浓度CO2箱（500 μmol·mol^-1）、对照箱（370 μmol·mol^-1））和裸地（370 μmol·mol^-1）.经高浓度CO2（500 μmol·mol^-1）熏蒸8年后,土壤样品分别在2006年春季、夏季和秋季进行采集和分析.结果表明：在高CO2浓度（500 μmol mol^-1）条件下,转化酶活性除了红松夏季样品之外都是显著降低的;而脱氢酶活性却是增加的,但只有部分结果显著;长白松的多酚氧化酶活性都显著降低;过氧化氢酶活性在春季增加,而在其他季节均降低.总而言之,在高CO2浓度条件下,土壤酶的活性与树种有关.     

四个生长季高浓度CO_2处理长白松的气孔响应(英文)

在长白山站以开顶箱方式对4 年生长白松连续4 个生长季进行CO2 处理,包括700 和500 μmolmol-1 高浓度CO2,以及接受空气CO2的对照箱和不扣箱的裸露地条件(约350 μmolmol-1 CO2),通过测定气孔导度(gs),ci/ca比及气孔数量等指标评价气孔对高浓度CO2的响应。气孔导度及ci/ca比的转换实验表明,在各自生长CO2下和在相同测定CO2 下进行比较时,生长在高浓度CO2 下植株的气孔导度要高于空气CO2 下对照组植株的气孔导度(除700 μmol mol-1 CO2 下的植株在生长CO2 浓度下及在350 μmol mol-1 CO2 下测定时的气孔导度低于裸地植株外)。在各自生长CO2浓度下测定时,高浓度CO2下植株的ci/ca比低于对照组植株,但在相同测定CO2浓度下比较时,却是高浓度CO2下植株的ci/ca高于对照组植株的ci/ca比。高浓度CO2下植株与对照组植株在每单位长度气孔数量上无明显差异,但高浓度CO2通过降低气孔线数使长白松当年生针叶的总气孔数量降低,并且改变了气孔在针叶上、下表面的分配模式。表4 参18。     

野生光核桃和栽培桃对高浓度CO_2抗性的比较

为了研究大气CO_2浓度升高对西藏特有植物的影响,以野生光核桃为研究材料,以栽培桃为对照,以高浓度CO_2为胁迫条件,分析野生光核桃和栽培桃的叶绿素含量、酶活性、叶片呼吸与光合指标的变化特征。结果表明:在高浓度CO_2条件下,栽培桃植株的部分叶片有黄化趋势,野生光核桃变化不明显。在高浓度CO_2条件下,野生光核桃抗氧化酶、光合和呼吸等指标均做出了积极的响应,保持了较高的酶活性,同时保持了正常的电子传递效率,且光合效率的下降主要是由非气孔因素引起。因此,与栽培桃相比,野生光核桃对高浓度CO_2逆境的抗性更强。     

桉树人工林土壤细菌群落对不同免炼山林地更新模式的季节动态响应

[目的]桉树人工林单一树种多代连栽的炼山经营模式对土壤质量及其生态环境产生剧烈扰动,已引起社会的广泛关注,而采用免炼山造林这种模式是解决上述问题的重要可能措施之一,然而在免炼山造林模式下,作为土壤生态环境重要组成部分的土壤微生物群落如何响应,仍知之甚少.[方法]以连续经营15年的3代人工林更新迹地为研究对象,分析不同免...     

高原泥炭地CO2通量对极端干旱的响应机理研究

[目的 ]探明极端干旱事件对高原泥炭地二氧化碳(CO_2)通量的影响机制。[方法 ]以若尔盖高原泥炭地为研究对象,采用野外控制实验和静态箱法,利用快速温室气体分析仪测定极端干旱下高原泥炭地CO_2通量变化,并结合环境因子及土壤酶活性的测定,分析其变化机制。[结果 ](1)极端干旱显著降低了若尔盖高原泥炭地生态系统的净生态系统CO_2交换(NEE)、生态系统呼吸(Re)和总初级生产力(GPP)(P0.05)。(2)高原泥炭地生态系统Re对于空气温度和土壤温度的相关性在极端干旱的影响下增强。(3)NEE与β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(AG)显著相关(P0.05),Re与木糖苷酶(XYL)、纤维素外切酶(CB)显著相关(P0.05),GPP与BG显著相关(P0.05)。[结论 ]高原泥炭地生态系统CO_2通量在极端干旱的影响下将显著降低,其对环境因子的相关性也有所增强; NEE和Re变化分别受到不同土壤酶活性的影响,随着土壤深度的增加,与不同深度土壤温度相关性表现出相反的变化趋势。     

阔叶红松林土壤CO2,N2O排放和CH4吸收的研究

为研究凋落物对CO2,N2O排放和CH4吸收的影响,从2002年9月3日到2003年10月30日,采用静态密闭箱技术对长白山阔叶红松林两种类型土壤生态系统的CO2,N2O和CH4的通量进行测定。两种土壤类型分别为表层有凋落物覆盖和没有凋落物覆盖。研究结果表明,凋落物对CO2,N2O和CH4通量有显著性影响(P<0.05)。有凋落物样地的CO2,N2O和CH4通量的日变化趋势和无凋落物样地中三种气体的日变化趋势相似,且CO2,N2O和CH4的日通量峰值都出现在18:00。有凋落物样地的CO2,N2O和CH4通量的季节变化趋势和无凋落物样地中三种气体的季节变化趋势也相似,但在一年之中,CO2和CH4的峰值出现在六月,N2O的峰值却出现在八月。研究结果还表明有凋落物样地CO2,N2O的日排放通量和年均排放通量明显大于无凋落物样地中两种气体的排放通量,但有凋落物样地的CH4日吸收通量和年均排放通量却小于无凋落物样地的CH4吸收通量。     

Effect of elevated ambient CO2 concentration on water use efficiency ofPinus sylvestriformis

Pinus sylvestriformis is an important species as an indicator of global climate changes in Changbai Mountain, China. The water use efficiency (WUE) of this species (11-year old) was studied on response to elevated CO₂ concentration at 500±100 μL·L⁻¹ by directly injecting CO₂ into the canopy under natural condition in 1998–1999. The results showed that the elevated CO₂ concentration reduced averagely stomatal opening, stomatal conductance and stomatal density to 78%, 80% and 87% respectively, as compared to normal ambient. The elevated CO₂ reduced the transpiration and enhances the water use efficiency (WUE) of plant. The project was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Effect of elevated ambient CO2 concentration on water use efficiency of Pinus sylvestriformis

IntroductionEvidencefrommanystudiesshowsthattheconcentrationofatmosphericCO,isdramaticallyraisingandadoubIingofthepresentCO,concentrationwouIdoccurduringthelasthaIfofthenextcentury.Therisingofatmospheric.CO,concentrationisstrongIycorrelatedwiththeincreaseinglobaIconsumptionoffossiIfueIsandaIsoaffectedsignificantIybytheclearingofforest(Bazzaz199o).PfantsgrowingatvariousambientconcentrationofCo,showgreatdifferences,includingtheprocessesofgrowthandphysiology.Photosynthesisandtran-spiration…     

Stomatal response ofPinus sylvestriformis to elevated CO2 concentrations during the four years of exposure

Four-year-oldPinus sylvestriformis were exposed for four growing seasons in open top chambers to ambient CO₂ concentration (approx. 350 μmol·mol⁻¹) and high CO₂ concentrations (500 and 700 μmol·mol⁻¹) at Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences at Antu Town, Jilin Province, China (42°N, 128°E). Stomatal response to elevated CO₂ concentrations was examined by stomatal conductance (g _s), ratio of intercellular to ambient CO₂ concentration (c _i/c _a) and stomatal number. Reciprocal transfer experiments of stomatal conductance showed that stomatal conductance in high-[CO₂]-grown plants increased in comparison with ambient-[CO₂]-grown plants when measured at their respective growth CO₂ concentration and at the same measurement CO₂ concentration (except a reduction in 700 μmol·mol⁻¹ CO₂. grown plants compared with plants on unchambered field when measured at growth CO₂ concentration and 350 μmol·mol⁻¹CO₂). High-[CO₂]-grown plants exhibited lowerc _i/c _a ratios than ambient-[CO₂]-grown plants when measured at their respective growth CO₂ concentration. However,c _i/c _a ratios increased for plants grown in high CO₂ concentrations compared with control plants when measured at the same CO₂ concentration. There was no significant difference in stomatal number per unit long needle between elevated and ambient CO₂. However, elevated CO₂ concentrations reduced the total stomatal number of whole needle by the decline of stomatal line and changed the allocation pattern of stomata between upper and lower surface of needle. Foundation Item: This research was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2002CB412502), Project of Key program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90411020) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30400051). Biography: ZHOU Yu-mei (1973-), female, Ph. Doctor, assistant research fellow, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

长期高浓度CO_2处理对长白赤松土壤硝化酶、反硝化酶和固氮酶活性的影响(英文)

在吉林省长白山地区模拟检测了大气CO2浓度升高对土壤氮循环关键过程的影响。试验采用完全随机区组设计的开顶箱系统模拟环境CO2和高浓度CO2,起始于1999年春。选取长白山特有树种长白松(Pinus sylvestris var.sylvestri-formu),种子播种于1999年5月份,萌芽后开始CO2熏蒸处理。CO2熏蒸处理始于每年4月末止于10月末。分别在2006年6月、8月和2007年6月采集土壤样品,并检测土壤硝化酶(NEA)、反硝化酶(DEA)和固氮酶活性。结果表明,高浓度C02使土壤硝化酶(NEA)活性显著提高,提高幅度2006年6月为30.3%,2006年8月为30.9%,2007年6月为11.3%;土壤反硝化酶活性(DEA)在2006年6月份(P<0.012)和2006年8月份(P<0.005)被C02浓度升高显著抑制;在整个研究过程中没有发现C02浓度升高对固氮酶活性产生显著影响。因此,本研究认为C02浓度升高显著影响了土壤硝化酶(NEA)和反硝化酶活性(DEA)。图3表1参44。     

Response of seedlings growth ofPinus sylvestriformis to atmospheric CO2 enrichment in Changbai Mountain

The biomass and ratio of root-shoot ofPinus sylvestriformis seedlings at CO₂ concentration of 700 μL·L⁻¹ and 500 μL·L⁻¹ were measured using open-top chambers (OTCs) in Changbai Mountain during Jun. to Oct. in 1999. The results showed that doubling CO₂ concentration was benefit to seedling growth of the species (500 μL·L⁻¹ was better than 700 μL·L⁻¹) and the biomass production was increased in both above-ground and underground parts of seedlings. Carbon transformation to roots was evident as rising of CO₂ concentration. This project is supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Effects of elevated CO2 on net photosynthetic rate of trees in Changbai Mountain

lntroductionAtmosphericconcentrationofCo2isrisingdra-maticaIIyandadoubIingofthepresentconcentrationwouIdoccurinmidnextcentury,duetoburnoffossilfuelanddestroyofforest(Gates1983,Tauszetal.1996).EIevatedatmosphericCO2willchangeitsgradientdistributioninforestecoboundary,andwillproduceagreateffectontreesandthewholeforestecosystem.Atpresent,studiesoneffectsofelevatedCozonplantshavebeenapopuIartopic,especiallyoncropsrice(BateretaI.199o).HaveIkaetal.(1984)hasgainedmanyachievementsonsoybean.How-e…     

Ten-year exposure to elevated CO2 increases stomatal number of Pinus koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis needles

Stomatal number and stomatal conductance are important structural and functional parameters for the assessment of carbon assimilation and water use under elevated CO₂. We studied stomatal density, number of stomatal rows and stomatal conductance of Pinus sylvestriformis and P. koraiensis needles exposed to elevated CO₂ (500 μmol mol^?1 CO₂) in open-top chambers for 10 years (1999–2009). Elevated CO₂ increased stomatal density on P. sylvestriformis by 10.8 % (13.5 % on abaxial surface and 8.0 % on adaxial surface) and the number of stomatal rows on P. koraiensis by 7.9 % (5.0 % in 1-year-old needles and 10.7 % in current-year needles). Increased stomatal density for P. sylvestriformis and number of stomatal rows for P. koraiensis indicate that elevated CO₂ increases stomatal number in both tree species. Needle age significantly influenced stomatal density and number of stomatal rows in P. koraiensis but not in P. sylvestriformis. For both species, elevated CO₂ did not significantly affect stomatal conductance but increased water use efficiency. The increase in stomatal number is not accompanied by significant changes in stomatal conductance at elevated CO₂ for both tree species suggesting that there may be no direct relationship between stomatal conductance and stomatal numbers.     

Response of seedlings growth of Pinus sylvestriformis to atmospheric CO_2 enrichment in Changbai Mountain

IntroductionGIobaIchangehasbeenoneoftheimpoFtantis-suesandscientistspaycIoseattentiontoit.ThegreatimportanceofforestecosystemisreflectednotonlybytheirhUgebiomass,butaIsobytheirsignifi-cantroIeintheglobaIcarbonbaIance.Howtreesrespondtoclimaticchangesmightbeofgreatsig-nificance.ManystudiesindicatethattherisingatmosphericCo,leveIscanmakeasubstantialeffectonplantgroWthanddevelopment.SomeonethinkcommonlythattherisingCo,levelscanstimuIatepIantgroWthandbiomassproduction,sincephotosynthesisofC…