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1.
Floriane L’Haridon Sébastien Aimé Claude Alabouvette Chantal Olivain 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):239-246
The aim of this study was to assess the biocontrol capacity of rev157, a non-pathogenic mutant of a pathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Fom24). Inoculated in association with the virulent parental strain, the mutant rev157 did not protect the host plant (muskmelon)
against infection by Fom24. Applied on flax, a non-host plant, the mutant rev157 was not able to protect it against its specific
pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. lini. On the contrary the parental strain Fom24 did protect flax as well as a soil-borne biocontrol strain (Fo47). Since the mutant
rev157 was affected neither in its growth in vitro nor in its capacity to penetrate into the roots, it can be speculated that
the mutation has affected traits responsible for interactions within the plant. In F. oxysporum the pair of strains Fom24/rev157 is a good candidate to identify genes involved in the biocontrol capacity of F. oxysporum and to test the hypothesis of a link between capacity to induce the disease and capacity to induce resistance in the plant. 相似文献
2.
Nevein A. S. Messiha Anne D. van Diepeningen Marcel Wenneker Alexander R. van Beuningen Jaap D. Janse Trudie G. C. Coenen Aad J. Termorshuizen Ariena H. C. van Bruggen Wim J. Blok 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(4):403-415
The potential of Biological Soil Disinfestation (BSD) to control potato brown rot, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, was investigated. BSD involves the induction of anaerobic soil conditions by increasing microbial respiration
through incorporation of fresh organic amendments (here: grass or potato haulms) and by reducing re-supply of oxygen by covering
with airtight plastic sheets. Control treatments were left without cover and amendment, or amended without covering or covered
only without amendment. The effect of BSD on survival of R. solanacearum was tested at three different scales: in 1-l glass mesocosms under laboratory conditions, in 1.2-m-diam microplots positioned
in an outdoor quarantine field, and in a naturally infested commercial field. Within a few days, anaerobic conditions developed
in the BSD-treated soils. In the mesocosm and microplot experiment, anaerobic conditions persisted till the end of the 4-week
experimental period. In the field experiment, the period of anaerobiosis was shorter due to birds damaging the plastic cover.
In all three experiments, BSD reduced soil populations of R. solanacearum significantly by 92.5% to >99.9% compared to the non-amended and uncovered control treatments. In the field experiment, BSD
also resulted in a significant reduction of R. solanacearum survival in potato tubers buried at 15 or 35 cm and in the rapid decomposition of superficially buried potatoes remaining
after harvesting, thus destroying an important inoculum reservoir of R. solanacearum. The treatments with grass amendment only or covering with only plastic did not result in anaerobic conditions and did not
decrease R. solanacearum populations during the experimental period. PCR-DGGE analyses of 16S-rDNA from soil samples of the various treatments in
the mesocosm and microplot experiments revealed that BSD hardly affected bacterial diversity but did result in clear shifts
in the composition of the bacterial community. The possible implications of these shifts are discussed. It is concluded that
BSD has the potential to strongly decrease soil infestation levels of R. solanacearum and to become an important element in a sustainable and effective management strategy for potato brown rot, especially in
areas where the disease is endemic. 相似文献
3.
Edna Sharon Ilan Chet Ada Viterbo Meira Bar-Eyal Harel Nagan Gary J. Samuels Yitzhak Spiegel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):247-258
Trichoderma (T.
asperellum-203, 44 and GH11; T. atroviride-IMI 206040 and T. harzianum-248) parasitism on Meloidogyne javanica life stages was examined in vitro. Conidium attachment and parasitism differed beween the fungi. Egg masses, their derived
eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) were parasitized by Trichoderma
asperellum-203, 44, and T. atroviride following conidium attachment. Trichoderma
asperellum-GH11 attached to the nematodes but exhibited reduced penetration, whereas growth of T. harzianum-248 attached to egg masses was inhibited. Only a few conidia of the different fungi were attached to eggs and J2s without
gelatinous matrix; the eggs were penetrated and parasitized by few hyphae, while J2s were rarely parasitized by the fungi.
The gelatinous matrix specifically induced J2 immobilization by T.
asperellum-203, 44 and T. atroviride metabolites that immobilized the J2s. A constitutive-GFP-expressing T. asperellum-203 construct was used to visualize fungal penetration of the nematodes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation
of coiling and appressorium-like structures upon attachment and parasitism by T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride. Gelatinous matrix agglutinated T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride conidia, a process that was Ca2+-dependent. Conidium agglutination was inhibited by carbohydrates, including fucose, as was conidium attachment to the nematodes.
All but T. harzianum could grow on the gelatinous matrix, which enhanced conidium germination. A biomimetic system based on gelatinous-matrix-coated
nylon fibers demonstrated the role of the matrix in parasitism: T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride conidia attached specifically to the gelatinous-matrix-coated fibers and parasitic growth patterns, such as coiling, branching
and appressoria-like structures, were induced in both fungi, similarly to those observed during nematode parasitism. All Trichoderma isolates exhibited nematode biocontrol activity in pot experiments with tomato plants. Parasitic interactions were demonstrated
in planta: females and egg masses dissected from tomato roots grown in T. asperellum-203-treated soil were examined and found to be parasitized by the fungus. This study demonstrates biocontrol activities of
Trichoderma isolates and their parasitic capabilities on M. javanica, elucidating the importance of the gelatinous matrix in the fungal parasitism. 相似文献
4.
Taro Mori Katsumi Ozaki Hiromi Matsusaki Naotaka Matsuzoe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(2):142-146
To study the behavior and mutation of Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanum toxicarium, which is resistant to bacterial wilt, S. toxicarium was grown in aseptic culture and inoculated with R. solanacearum. Although 60%–80% of the inoculated plants were wilting after 2 to 3 days, most wilted plants had recovered by 20 days after
inoculation. The pathogen was reisolated from over 98% of inoculated plant stems, but the percentage of recovery decreased
the closer the isolation sites were toward the upper stem sections. Three colony types, characterized as fluidal white, nonfluidal
red, and a mixture of fluidal white and nonfluidal red, were reisolated from the stems. Nonfluidal red colonies were less
virulent on tomato plants than fluidal white colonies. 相似文献
5.
Dravya, a commercially developed aqueous seaweed extract, was evaluated for its effect on the expression of symptoms of bacterial
blight caused byXanthomonas campestris pv.malvacearum (E.F. Smith) Dye in cotton. Seed soaking with Dravya (1:500) followed by foliar spray thrice at intervals of 10 days (10,
20, 30 days after sowing) resulted in a reduction in blight incidence on plants by 66%, 70% and 74% as determined 40, 60 and
80 days, respectively, after sowing. Induction of systemic resistance was associated with increases in plant height, total
number of bolls formed, boll weight, stem girth, chlorophyll content, total phenols and peroxidase activity, which intimates
that Dravya could be used as an ecofriendly potential input in the integrated management of bacterial-blight of cotton. 相似文献
6.
Rui Yang Yong Chao Han Guo Qing Li Dao Hong Jiang Hung Chang Huang 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(4):411-420
A study was conducted to investigate production of antifungal substances (AFS) by Coniothyrium minitans (Cm), a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Ss), in modified Czapek-Dox (MCD) broth and potato dextrose broth (PDB), and effects of AFS of Cm on mycelial growth and
germination of sclerotia and ascospores of Ss and incidence of leaf blight of oilseed rape caused by Ss. Results showed that
mycelial growth of Ss was reduced by 41.6 and 84.5% on 3 day-old cultures grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with
10% (v v−1) of cultural filtrates of Cm grown in MCD (MCDcm) after incubation for 6 and 15 days, respectively, and by 2.7 and 15.7% on PDA amended with 10% (v v−1) of cultural filtrates of Cm grown in PDB for 6 and 15 days, respectively. In addition to retardation of mycelial growth,
morphological abnormality of Ss such as hyphal swellings and cytoplasm granulation were also observed in colonies grown on
PDA amended with cultural filtrates of MCDcm. Sclerotia of Ss soaked in the filtrates of MCDcm for 24 h remained viable, but their ability to undergo myceliogenic germination on PDA was delayed, compared to sclerotia
treated with MCD. Germination of ascospores of Ss was unaffected on PDA amended with 10% of the filtrates of MCDcm. However, germ tubes of Ss were shortened and deformed by the formation of hyphal swellings in the treatment of MCDcm. Treatment of leaves of oilseed rape with cultural filtrates of MCDcm reduced incidence of leaf blight caused by Ss, compared to the controls (water or MCD). This study suggests that AFS produced
by Cm plays an important role in the suppression of mycelial growth and germ-tube development of ascospores of Ss and that
there is potential for using AFS of Cm to control leaf blight of oilseed rape caused by ascospores of Ss. 相似文献
7.
Ayumi Notsu Norio Kondo Shohei Fujita Kippei Murata Shigeo Naito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):39-41
A new race of Phytophthora vignae f. sp. adzukicola, designated race 4, is reported from central and western Hokkaido, Japan. The isolates obtained from diseased plants of a
new cultivar, cv. Syumari, which is resistant to races 1, 2, and 3, were determined to be a new race by the pathogenic reaction
on a set of differential adzuki bean cultivars (cv. Erimo-shozu, cv. Kotobuki-shozu, cv. Noto-shozu, cv. Urasa-shimane, and
cv. Syumari).
Received: March 7, 2002 / Accepted: August 13, 2002 相似文献
8.
Helena P. Trenado Isabel M. Fortes Diamantina Louro Jesús Navas-Castillo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(2):193-196
Tomato chlorosis virus causes yellow leaf disorder epidemics in many countries worldwide. Plants of Physalis ixocarpa showing abnormal interveinal yellowing and plants of Physalis peruviana showing mild yellowing collected in the vicinity of tomato crops in Portugal were found naturally infected with ToCV. Physalis ixocarpa and P. peruviana were tested for susceptibility to ToCV by inoculation with Bemisia tabaci, Q biotype. Results confirmed that ToCV is readily transmissible to both species. The infection was expressed in P. ixocarpa by conspicuous interveinal yellow areas on leaves that developed into red or brown necrotic flecks, while P. peruviana test plants remained asymptomatic. Infected plants of both P. ixocarpa and P. peruviana served as ToCV sources for tomato infection via B. tabaci transmission. This is the first report of P. ixocarpa and P. peruviana as natural hosts of ToCV. 相似文献
9.
T. J. Paula Júnior C. Rotter B. Hau 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(2):193-202
The effects of soil moisture (varying from 15% to 42% (v/v)) and sowing depth (1.5–6.0 cm) on the development of bean plants
grown in sterile soil infested by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and its antagonist Trichoderma harzianum were studied under greenhouse conditions. The four possible combinations of soil infestation with both fungi were tested.
Disease severity, percentage of plants emerged, plant height and dry weight were evaluated 3 weeks after sowing. Emergence
rate and growth of plants inoculated only with R. solani were not affected by soil moisture, but in the presence of both fungi, plant emergence, plant height and dry weight significantly
decreased when soil moisture diminished. Deep sowing significantly reduced the emergence rate and growth of those plants that
were inoculated with R. solani only. However, when the soil was infested with both fungi, the effect of sowing depth was not significant. At a sowing depth
of 6.0 cm, the percentage of plants emerged was 50% in the presence of T. harzianum, but only 6.7% when the pathogen was inoculated alone. The antagonist protected bean seedlings from pre-emergence damping-off,
reduced disease severity and increased plant growth in the presence of R. solani, especially in moist soil. 相似文献
10.
Akira Masunaka Kazuhiro Nakaho Masao Sakai Hideki Takahashi Shigehito Takenaka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(4):281-287
The biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum (PO) can suppress bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) in tomato. To understand the primary biocontrol mechanisms of bacterial wilt by PO, we pretreated tomato plants with
sterile distilled water or preinoculated them with PO, followed by inoculation with RS, then observed PO and RS in fixed sections
of tomato tissues using a confocal laser-scanning microscope and fluorescence labeling until 14 days after the inoculation
with RS. Horizontal and vertical movement of RS bacteria was frequently observed in the xylem vessels of roots and stems of
tomato plants (cv. Micro-Tom) that had not been inoculated with PO. In plants that were preinoculated with PO, the movement
of RS was suppressed, and bacteria appeared to be restricted to the pit of vessels, a reaction similar to that observed in
resistant rootstocks. PO colonization was mainly observed at the surfaces of taproots, the junctions between taproots and
lateral roots, and the middle sections of the lateral roots. PO was not observed near wound sites or root tips where RS tended
to colonize. However, RS colonization was significantly repressed at these sites in PO preinoculated plants. These observations
suggest that the induction of plant defense reactions is the main mechanism for the control of tomato bacterial wilt by PO,
not direct competition for infection sites. 相似文献
11.
Plants constitutively produce a variety of secondary metabolites that have antimicrobial activities against phytopathogens;
however, interactions between these performed antimicrobial compounds and phytopathogens were poorly understood. In this study,
interactions between epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), which was a major tea catechin that had antimicrobial activities against
varieties of bacteria, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. theae (P.s. theae), the causal of bacterial shoot blight of tea, were investigated. EGCg had less antimicrobial activity against P.s. theae; however, subinhibitory concentrations of EGCg induced biofilm formation. Because biofilms are induced in the presence of
sucrose in the culture medium but not by P.s. theae strains deficient in exopolysaccharide levan production, biofilm induction by EGCg and levan production are closely related.
EGCg increased survival of P.s. theae under dry conditions on nonwounded leaf surfaces in the presence of sucrose. These data indicate the possibility that tea
catechins affect the survival of P.s. theae on the phyllosphere.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
12.
Rachidatou Sikirou Kerstin Wydra 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(9):939-947
The survival of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vignicola, incitant of cowpea bacterial blight and pustule, in residues of infested cowpea leaves was studied in the field in the forest savanna transition zone of South Benin and under variable controlled conditions. The pathogen survived for up to 60 days when placed on the soil surface, and up to 45 days buried at depths of 10 and 20 cm. In the glasshouse, bacteria survived in residue mixed with soil for at least 2 months in dry soil and less than 2 months in moist soil. The pathogen survived at least 30 days in the field after spray-inoculation on the weed species Euphorbia heterophylla, Digitaria horizontalis and Synedrella nodiflora; 20 days on Panicum subalbidum; 10 days on Euphorbia
hirta; and 5 days on Talinum triangulare. After leaf-infiltration under glasshouse conditions, the pathogen was detected after 90 days in D. horizontalis; 75 days in T.
triangulare, P. subalbidum and S. nodiflora; 60 days in E. hirta, and 30 days in E. heterophylla. Among 12 legume species tested as alternative hosts of X. axonopodis pv. vignicola, only Sphenostylis stenocarpa (African yam bean) showed typical symptoms of cowpea bacterial blight in a glasshouse experiment following artificial inoculation. This is the first time this legume species has been identified as a potential host of X. axonopodis pv.vignicola. Crop residue and weeds are likely sources of primary inoculum when planting two consecutive cowpea crops per year and they probably play a role in dissemination of the pathogen during the cropping season. The alternate host may form a bridge for primary inoculum between cropping seasons. 相似文献
13.
C. Eynck B. Koopmann G. Grunewaldt-Stoecker P. Karlovsky A. von Tiedemann 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):259-274
The differential interactions of V. longisporum (VL) and V. dahliae (VD) on the root surface and in the root and shoot vascular system of Brassica napus were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), using GFP tagging and conventional fluorescence dyes, acid fuchsin
and acridin orange. VL and VD transformants expressing sGFP were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. GFP signals were less homogenous and GFP tagging performed less satisfactory than the conventional
fluorescence staining when both were studied with CLSM. Interactions of both pathogens were largely restricted to the root
hair zone. At 24 h post-inoculation (hpi), hyphae of VL and VD were found intensely interwoven with the root hairs. Hyphae
of VL followed the root hairs towards the root surface. At 36 hpi, VL hyphae started to cover the roots with a hyphal net
strictly following the grooves of the junctions of the epidermal cells. VL started to penetrate the root epidermal cells without
any conspicuous infection structures. Subsequently, hyphae grew intracellularly and intercellularly through the root cortex
towards the central cylinder, without inducing any visible plant responses. Colonisation of the xylem vessels in the shoot
with VL was restricted to individual vessels entirely filled with mycelium and conidia, while adjacent vessels remained completely
unaffected. This may explain why no wilt symptoms occur in B. napus infected with VL. Elevated amounts of fungal DNA were detectable in the hypocotyls 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) and in
the leaves 35 dpi. Root penetration was also observed for VD, however, with no directed root surface growth and mainly an
intercellular invasion of the root tissue. In contrast to VL, VD started ample formation of conidia on the roots, and was
unable to spread systemically into the shoots. VD did not form microsclerotia in the root tissue as widely observed for VL.
This study confirms that VD is non-pathogenic on B. napus and demonstrates that non-host resistance against this fungus materializes in restriction of systemic spread rather than
inhibition of penetration. 相似文献
14.
Seisaku Umemoto Katsue Nagashima Shigenobu Yoshida Seiya Tsushima 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(4):290-292
In 2002, rotted flower clusters and blighted shoot tips and leaves were observed on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei Reade) plants in Chiba, Japan. The causal fungus isolated from the diseased plants was morphologically identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Libert) de Bary. The fungus reproduced natural symptoms after inoculation, then reisolated from the symptomatic parts. This
is the first report of blueberry sclerotinia rot caused by S. sclerotiorum.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB269903#(020501)
and AB233346 (020505). 相似文献
15.
Nobutaka Someya Shinichi Numata Masami Nakajima Akira Hasebe Tadaaki Hibi Katsumi Akutsu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(4):276-282
The gene chiA, encoding for the endochitinase ChiA, was cloned from Serratia marcescens strain B2, a tomato epiphytic bacterium, and introduced into the epiphytic bacterium Erwinia ananas NR-1, isolated from rice phylloplane. The gene chiA was introduced under the control of two types of promoter into a broad-host-range plasmid vector. The vector contained various fragments with promoter activity isolated from E. ananas chromosomal DNA. The constructed vectors were designated pchiA-V1pcf9 and pchiA-V1pcf53 for their respective promoters. E. ananas NR-1 transformed with either of these vectors produced and secreted ChiA. The antifungal activity of ChiA produced by transformed E. ananas NR-1 was demonstrated in vitro by the inhibition of Pyricularia oryzae germ tube elongation such as bursting of the hyphal tip. Transformed E. ananas NR-1 suppressed the incidence of rice blast caused by P. oryzae under greenhouse conditions; however, the magnitude of the suppressive effect depended on which promoter was used. Both transformants and the nontransformant E. ananas NR-1 survived on rice phylloplane. It is expected that the rice epiphytic bacterium E. ananas NR-1 carrying a chitinolytic enzyme gene is an efficient biological control agent against rice blast. 相似文献
16.
Field studies were conducted near Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, in 2001, 2004 and 2005 to determine the efficacy of the antagonistic
fungusUlocladium atrum for control of white mold of bean caused bySclerotinia sclerotiorum. Results of the 3 years of field trials showed that, compared with the untreated control, foliar application of a spore suspension
ofU. atrum (300 ml m−2 of 106 spores ml−1 suspension) significantly reduced incidence and severity of white mold, increased seed yield and reduced contamination of
bean seed by sclerotia ofS. sclerotiorum. The level of control of white mold observed in the treatment ofU. atrum was similar to that of the mycoparasitic fungusConiothyrium minitans, but lower than the fungicide treatments of Ronilan (vinclozolin) at the rate of 1200 g ha−1 per application in 2001, or Lance (boscalid) at the rate of 750 g ha−1 per application in 2004 and 2005. The potential for use ofU. atrum as a biological control agent for sclerotinia diseases is discussed.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 12, 2006. 相似文献
17.
Á. Mesterházy T. Bartók G. Kászonyi M. Varga B. Tóth J. Varga 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,112(3):267-281
Different sets of wheat genotypes were tested under field conditions by spraying inocula of isolates of seven Fusarium spp. and Microdochium nivale (formerly F. nivale) in the period 1998–2002. The severity of Fusarium head blight (FHB), Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), the yield reduction and the deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination were also measured to describe the nature of the resistance. The degrees of FHB severity of genotypes to F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides, F. poae, F.␣verticillioides, F. sambucinum and M. nivale were very similar, indicating that the resistance to F.␣graminearum was similar to that for other Fusarium spp. listed. This is an important message to breeders as the resistance relates not only to any particular isolate of F. graminearum, but similarly to isolates of other Fusarium spp. This holds true for all the parameters measured. The DON contamination refers only to DON-producers F. graminearum and F. culmorum. Highly significant correlations were found between FHB, FDK, yield loss and DON contamination. Resistance components such as resistance to kernel infection, resistance to DON and tolerance were identified in the more susceptible genotypes. As compared with western European genotypes which produced up to 700 mg kg−1 DON, the Hungarian genotypes produced only 100 mg kg−1 at a similar FDK level. This research demonstrates the importance of measuring both FDK and DON in the breeding and selection of resistant germplasm and cultivars. 相似文献
18.
Hedvig Komjáti Ilona Walcz Ferenc Virányi Reinhard Zipper Marco Thines Otmar Spring 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(4):421-428
Leaves of Xanthium strumarium infected with downy mildew were collected in the vicinity of a sunflower field in southern Hungary in 2003. Based on phenotypic
characteristics of sporangiophores, sporangia and oospores as well as host preference the pathogen was classified as Plasmopara angustiterminalis. Additional phenotypic characters were investigated such as the size of sporangia, the number of zoospores per sporangium
and the time-course of their release. Infection studies revealed infectivity of the P. angustiterminalis isolate to both X. strumarium and Helianthus annuus. Inoculation of the sunflower inbred line, HA-335 with resistance to all known P. halstedii pathotypes, resulted in profuse sporulation on cotyledons and formation of oospores in the bases of hypocotyls. Infections
of sunflower differential lines often led to damping-off. Molecular genetic analysis using simple sequence repeat primers
and nuclear rDNA sequences revealed clear differences to Plasmopara halstedii, the downy mildew pathogen of sunflower. 相似文献
19.
Biofilm-grown cells of Pseudomonas syringae pv. theae (P.s.theae) wild-type strain K9301 on abiotic surface had remarkable resistance to kasugamycin in comparison to planktonically grown
cells; however, the biofilm-grown cells of K9301 had the same sensitivity to copper sulfate. Because both the lesser biofilm-forming
strain K9301S3 and enhanced biofilm-forming strain K9301-6 also had remarkable biofilm resistance to kasugamycin just as K9301
did and because epigallocatechin gallate, which enhanced biofilm formation of P.s.theae, had no effect on biofilm resistance to kasugamaycin, the degree of biofilm formation was not correlated with the antibiotic
susceptibilities. In addition, K9301 and K9301S3 had less sensitivity to kasugamycin but had high sensitivity to copper sulfate
on nonwounded leaf surfaces. These results indicate a possibility that the mechanism of P.s.theae biofilm resistance to bactericide functions on both abiotic and nonwounded leaf surfaces. 相似文献
20.
In summer 2010, stems and corms of Amorphophallus konjac with soft rot were collected in Hubei Province, China. Plants were inoculated with the isolated bacterium and developed the
same symptoms, and the reisolated pathogen was identified as Enterobacter sp., based on morphology, pathogenicity and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. 相似文献