不同杀菌剂组合对草莓土传病害的防治效果

本文对北京市昌平区循环园草莓发病植株进行了分离鉴定,使用16S rDNA对病原菌进行扩增,并用8组不同杀菌剂组合对草莓根腐病、空心病等不确定病原菌发病植株进行了田间药效试验。结果表明：引起植株萎蔫死亡的主要病原菌为细菌,赛茂丰+77%氢氧化铜、敌磺钠+福美双+噁霉灵对该病菌的防效明显。     

氯化苦处理土壤防治草莓土传病害的效果和增产作用

莱州市自20世纪90年代以来,草莓种植面积逐年扩大,现面积已达1 200 hm2。随着种植年限的延长,加之温室、大棚搬迁及露地倒茬不方便,草莓根腐病、枯萎病、青枯病等土传性病害发生和危害越来越重,轻者减产20%~30%,重者减产50%以上,产量和效益受到很大影响,严重制约了当地草莓种植     

设施草莓土传病害无害化综合防治技术

为发展绿色食品草莓,根据江苏省设施草莓(Fragaria ananassa Duch.)生产实际,结合最新研究成果,提出设施草莓土传病害无害化综合防治技术,包括防治原则与策略、选择抗病品种与无病种苗、选择育苗田及设施栽培园、加强栽培管理、太阳能高温还原消毒等具体措施。     

草莓土传病害4种土壤处理剂药效试验

为了解决草莓土传病害问题，寻求对路药剂，县农技推广中心积极申请项目支持，设计了土壤处理试验。以期促进草莓生产的大面积健康发展。     

不同杀菌剂组合对北京昌平草莓土传病害的防治效果筛选

土传病害是影响草莓成活率的主要病害,通过对昌平循环园草莓发病植株的分离鉴定,使用16SrDNA对病原菌扩增,发现引起植株萎蔫死亡的主要病原菌为细菌,以8组不同的杀菌剂组和对草莓根腐病、空心病等不确定病原菌发病植株进行了田间药效试验,含细菌性药剂的赛茂丰+77%氢氧化铜,敌磺钠+福美双+恶霉灵对该病菌的防效较为明显,具有一定的防治效果。     

设施草莓土传病害无害化综合防治技术研究

结合安徽省设施草莓生产实际和最新研究成果,通过农业防治、物理防治、化学防治和生物防治等综合防治措施,研究形成设施草莓土传病害无害化综合防治技术.     

防治辣椒土传病害的常用杀菌剂室内药效测定

为了帮助生产者有效地控制辣椒土传病害的危害,对真菌病原采取抑茵生长法,对细菌病原采用培养皿滤纸抑菌圈法,对市场上多种农药品种进行了室内药效测定.其结果表明,雷多米尔@锰锌、甲霜灵、甲镁粉剂对辣椒疫霉的抑茵效果达100%,甲霜铜、疫霜净抑茵效果达87%,拌种双、辣椒抗枯灵的抑茵率亦超过67%;对辣椒白绢病抑茵效果超过80%以上的药剂有粉锈灵、拌种双、五氯硝基苯和蔬菜壮苗素;多菌灵、甲基托布津、拌种双、蔬菜壮苗素、敌菌灵、粉锈灵等对辣椒立枯病抑制率达100%,对炭疽病抑制率为59.76%～100%,对早疫病的抑制率为72.22%～100%;对辣椒疮痴病抑茵效果较强的药剂有农用链霉素、辣椒植宝素、新生霉素.     

土壤综合处理防治土传病害技术

土传病害是一类严重的植物病害,土壤处理是防治土传病害的重要途径之一。针对睢宁县设施蔬菜发展较快的特点,提出蔬菜栽培土壤处理技术。     

土壤处理防治土传病害的研究进展

阐述了国内外防治土传病害的土壤处理方法及其应用情况,讨论了目前存在的问题及发展方向。     

土壤添加剂防治作物土传病害研究概述

土壤添加剂是一种有机、无机营养混合物 ,是防治作物病害的一项重要措施 ,国内外对此均有研究报道。土壤添加剂的防病机制综合为无机盐的抑菌作用、有益微生物的拮抗作用、营养物质的促长作用、有机物质增强土壤病原菌的腐生性 ,削弱其致病性。利用土壤添加剂与其他防治方法相比有很多优点 ,其应用前景广泛     

不同土壤消毒剂对药用百合病害防治效果的研究

为了筛选用于百合大田土壤消毒的高效、低毒、低残留的消毒剂,以药用百合品种卷丹为供试材料,开展石灰、多菌灵、敌克松、抗重茬菌剂等4种药剂的土壤消毒效果试验。结果表明,与对照(不施药)相比,在百合旺长期,施用石灰、抗重茬菌剂的发病率、病情指数、细菌数量、真菌数量显著降低,到了百合成熟期,差异不显著;各处理的株高、茎粗、叶片数量、最大叶片长宽、叶绿素等农艺性状指标及产量均高于对照,其中,施用石灰的产量为1248.23 kg/666.7m2,增产71.66%。施用石灰、多菌灵、敌克松、抗重茬菌剂等药剂进行土壤消毒对百合大田病害均有一定的防治效果和增产效果,其中,石灰、多菌灵、抗重茬菌剂等药剂能显著抑制细菌、真菌数量的增长,尤其是石灰消毒土壤的防病和增产效果明显。     

花卉土传真菌病害防治药剂的筛选

采用生长速率法对5种花卉土传病原真菌进行了防治药剂的室内筛选试验.结果表明,30 mg/L的雷多米尔-锰锌、金雷多米尔-锰锌、恶·甲霜、醚菌酯及10 mg/L的氰霜唑对何氏凤仙疫病菌(Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica van Breda de Haan)的抑菌率均为100%;300 mg/L的金雷多米尔-锰锌和爱苗对香石竹疫病菌(P. nicotianae var. parasitica van Breda de Haan)的抑菌效果较好,抑菌率分别为75.61%和77.03%;300 mg/L的金雷多米尔-锰锌、爱苗和200 mg/L的氰霜唑对三色堇疫病菌(P. nicotianae var. parasitical van Breda de Haan)的抑菌效果明显,抑菌率分别为100%、85.49%和80.31%;300 mg/L的多硫对百日草茎基腐烂病菌(Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzptrik)的抑菌效果较好,抑菌率为73.47%;对绿巨人褐腐病菌(Cylindrocladium spathiphylli Schoulties et al),则以300 mg/L的爱苗的抑菌效果最好,抑菌率为100%,200 mg/L的氰霜唑、300 mg/L的多硫和恶霉灵的抑菌率分别为90.08%、89.69%和87.58%.     

Changes in fungal community and diversity in strawberry rhizosphere soil after 12 years in the greenhouse

Soil fungi play a very important role in the soil ecological environment. In agricultural production, long-term monoculture and continuous cropping lead to changes in fungal community diversity. However, the effects of long-term monoculture and continuous cropping on strawberry plant health and fungal community diversity have not been elucidated. In this study, using high-throughput sequencing (HTS), we compared the fungal community and diversity of strawberry rhizosphere soil after various durations of continuous cropping (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years). The results showed that soil fungal diversity increased with consecutive cropping years. Specifically, the soil-borne disease pathogens Fusarium and Guehomyces were significantly increased after strawberry continuous cropping, and the abundance of nematicidal (Arthrobotrys) fungi decreased from the fourth year of continuous cropping. The results of correlation analysis suggest that these three genera might be key fungi that contribute to the changes in soil properties that occur during continuous cropping. In addition, physicochemical property analysis showed that the soil nutrient content began to decline after the fourth year of continuous cropping. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that soil pH, available potassium (AK) and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) were the most important edaphic factors leading to contrasting beneficial and pathogenic associations across consecutive strawberry cropping systems.     

不同有机肥配施对大棚草莓品质及土传病害发生率的影响

为了给有机农产品安全生产和农业废弃物资源化、肥料化及循环利用提供参考依据,采用大棚内随机区组试验,以不施肥和单施化肥为对照,在施入总养分等量条件下,研究了菜籽饼肥与沼肥、猪厩肥及磷钾铵三元复合肥的配施对大棚草莓品质及土传病害发生率的影响。结果表明,菜籽饼肥与有机肥的配施降低了大棚草莓果实中的硝酸盐及可滴定酸含量,提高了果实中Vc、可溶性糖、粗蛋白含量及糖酸比,降低了大棚草莓根腐病、白粉病及灰霉病的发生率;且与单施化肥处理的差异达到显著或极显著。揭示饼肥与不同有机肥配施可显著提高大棚草莓果实营养品质、风味及大棚草莓土传病害的抗病性。     

A bio-product as alternative to methyl bromide for replant disease control on strawberry

Pre-plant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) is a standard practice for controlling soil-borne diseases especially for strawberry diseases. However, the application of MB will be forbidden in China in the year 2015. For this reason, a bio-product named Kangdi 3 was tested as an alternative to MB in strawberry greenhouses in Mancheng (Hebei Province) and Donggang (Liaoning province), China in 2005 and 2006. Methyl bromide at a normal dosage of 500 kg/hm² and Kangdi 3 at three dosages of 750, 1500 and 2250 kg/hm² were tested. Plots without any treatment were used as the control. During the growing stage, assessments were made on fungal communities in rhizosphere, growth status of strawberry, the disease levels on roots as well as the yields. Results showed that Kangdi 3 significantly reduced the quantity of fungi and the disease index, while enhancing strawberry growth and the yields compared with the untreated control. Therefore, Kangdi 3 is a great potential substitute for methyl bromide to control replant diseases in strawberry.     

北京地区草莓枯萎病病原的鉴定与防治

为鉴定近2年北京市草莓苗圃及生产园大发生的,给草莓种苗产业及生产者带来严重损失的草莓枯死萎蔫病症的病原以及采取适宜的防控措施,以发生枯萎病症的‘红颜’草莓为试材,采用组织分离法进行病原菌的分离、纯化,并且对病原菌进行形态学鉴定、分子生物学鉴定、致病性测定,另外对病原菌做杀菌剂室内毒力筛选试验。结果表明:1)导致北京地区‘红颜’草莓枯萎病发生的病原为尖孢镰刀菌; 2)室内毒力试验结果表明多菌灵、百菌清与腈菌唑等杀菌剂能抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝的生长。     

Influence of maize straw amendment on soil-borne diseases of winter wheat

A field experiment was conducted during the 2006–2007 wheat growing season at Baoding, Hebei Province, China, aiming at exploring the influence of different amendment rates of maize straw on winter wheat soil-borne diseases induced by Rhizoctonia cereali, Gaeumannomyces graminis and Bipolaris sorokiniana in field conditions. Wheat root vitality, ion infiltration, SOD activity, MDA content and microbial population of the tillage layer were measured. The results showed that the occurrence of three soil-borne diseases tested was significantly different under different amendment rates. During the greening stage and jointing stage, the disease indexes of three soil-borne diseases were reduced significantly by treatments at the maize straw amendment rates of 7500 kg · hm⁻² and 3750 kg · hm⁻². However, disease indexes of wheat common rot and sharp eyespot increased dramatically when the amendment rate increased to 15000 kg · hm⁻². At the amendment rate of 15000 kg · hm⁻², wheat root vigor and SOD activity decreased, and ion infiltration and cell membrane-lipid peroxidation level increased, respectively. In the meantime, higher amounts of bacteria and actinomycetes were recorded in the 7500 kg · hm⁻² amendment rate treatment, while a higher amount of fungi was recorded in the 15000 kg · hm⁻² amendment rate treatment.     

连作草莓土壤微生物区系动态的研究

再植病害是制约草莓生产可持续发展的严重障碍,土传根病加重是草莓再植病害的主要表现。通过日光温室试验研究了连作草莓根际土壤和根表微生物总量动态、种群结构的变化。结果表明:连作处理根际土壤和根表真菌总量高于正茬处理。细菌、放线菌总量则低于正茬处理。生育期结束时,正茬处理根际土壤和根表的细菌与真菌总量比下降了57 3%和47 5%,连作处理则分别下降了93 2%和63 1%;连作处理根表和根际土壤放线菌与真菌总量比增高了42 6%和1 26倍,正茬则增高了8 25倍和4 75倍。     

不同杀菌剂对芒果红点病菌室内抑菌效果试验

【目的】筛选对芒果红点病菌具有较强抑制作用的杀菌剂,为芒果红点病防治提供理论依据。【方法】采用菌落生长速率法测定12种国内常见杀菌剂对芒果红点病菌的抑菌效果,以灭菌水为对照。【结果】45%咪鲜胺水乳剂（450μg/mL）、25%丙环唑乳油（250μg/mL）、12.5%腈菌唑乳油（250μg/mL）、25%苯醚甲环唑乳油（100μg/mL）处理的菌落生长抑制率均达100.00%;80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂（1600μg/mL）、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂（73.5μg/mL）和75%百菌清可湿性粉剂（1000μg/mL）处理的菌落抑制率分别为89.83%、76.34%和75.79%。【结论】45%咪鲜胺水乳剂、25%丙环唑乳油、12.5%腈菌唑乳油、25%苯醚甲环唑乳油、80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂和75%百菌清可湿性粉剂等7种杀菌剂均可在芒果红点病防治中交替或混合使用。