不同年龄哈萨克羊卵巢卵泡分布及组织学特征

哈萨克羊作为中国三大粗毛羊品种之一,是我国宝贵的畜禽遗传资源之一,研究不同年龄哈萨克羊卵巢中卵泡的分布及各级卵泡形态学特征,可为进一步开展其卵巢基础生理研究和品种遗传资源的开发与利用提供参考依据。试验采用组织学方法,分别对胎儿、羔羊、青年母羊、老龄母羊卵巢切片进行分析,结果表明不同年龄哈萨克羊卵泡分布区域相异,胎儿卵巢组织中以原始卵泡为主,主要分布于皮质最外层,内含较大的卵母细胞核。羔羊卵巢组织中发育卵泡较少;青年母羊发育卵泡则较多,主要分布于与髓质交界的区域。发育卵泡外周常环绕单层或多层立方状颗粒细胞。随着年龄增长,老龄母羊中逐渐以闭锁卵泡为主,哈萨克羊闭锁卵泡卵母细胞皱褶,核固缩或颗粒细胞分布杂乱与基底膜分离。     

东北梅花鹿卵泡发育的显微结构

为揭示雌性东北梅花鹿的生殖机理提供组织依据,利用光学显微镜观察7只成年东北梅花鹿卵巢的组织结构和卵泡的发育过程,同时利用目镜测微尺和显微照相技术分别对60个原始卵泡、60个初级卵泡、25个次级卵泡、34个三级卵泡和3个成熟卵泡及透明带厚度进行测量和拍照。结果表明,东北梅花鹿卵巢组织也是由生殖上皮、白膜、皮质和髓质构成;皮质部在卵巢的外周,但间质腺不发达;髓质位于皮质深层,分布有较多的血管。卵泡在发育过程中,各级卵母细胞和卵泡的直径差异较大,卵泡和卵母细胞的生长呈双向生长;透明带物质出现于3~4层卵泡细胞包围卵母细胞时;卵泡闭锁发生于卵泡生长的各个时期,主要表现为卵母细胞和卵泡细胞的形态变化,有两种形式;三级卵泡的闭锁过程分为早期、中期和后期3个阶段。     

词汇

卵巢家禽的卵巢仅左侧发育。卵巢由外部的皮质和内部的髓质组成,皮质则由含卵细胞的卵泡组成。卵泡又称滤泡,包围着卵细胞的卵泡是由最内层、放射带、颗粒层和卵泡膜所组成。胚珠禽卵中所含有的大量卵黄细胞质与核被压向动物极,形成小的白色圆盘状或米粒状结构。其直径为1～2毫米。为无精卵。胚盘禽卵受精后形成胚胎的盘形区域,胚胎     

产蛋期母鸡生殖系统中肥大细胞的定位研究

利用改良甲苯胺蓝组织化学方法,观察产蛋期母鸡卵巢和输卵管各段内肥大细胞的形态,并阐述肥大细胞在产蛋期母鸡卵巢和各输卵管中分布定位特点。结果肥大细胞广泛分布于母鸡生殖道中,在固有层和外膜均观察到紫红色的肥大细胞。卵巢中,肥大细胞主要分布于皮质的结缔组织、髓质的基质、正常与闭锁的卵泡膜中;输卵管内,肥大细胞分布于黏膜上皮下的固有层、固有层结缔组织、管状腺间、环行肌与纵行肌肌纤维间和小血管周围。各组织中单位视野下肥大细胞数量从高到低依次为:卵巢、漏斗部、阴道部、膨大部、子宫到峡部。表明卵巢中的肥大细胞的分布有助于自身分泌的组胺等物质迅速作用于卵巢,从而激活卵泡的发育等功能;而在输卵管中的分布及数量差异变化则与输卵管各段在生殖系统中的功能相关。     

休情期银黑狐卵巢形态和卵泡发育的显微结构观察

研究休情期银黑狐卵巢形态和卵泡的显微结构,以揭示银黑狐卵巢发育的一般规律。本试验于2012年12月份采集5只健康一岁龄银黑狐卵巢10枚,用游标卡尺测量其长、宽、厚,用电子天平测量其重量,并对其表面可见卵泡数量进行统计,然后利用光学显微镜对各级卵泡分别观察1~3个,共计原始卵泡30个,初级卵泡20个,次级卵泡15个,三级卵泡12个,成熟卵泡10个,并进行拍照。结果表明:随银黑狐卵巢体积不断增大,其中80%的卵巢重量也随之增大;可见卵泡数量与卵巢体积及重量没有相关性;卵巢由被膜、皮质和髓质构成,髓质位于卵巢内层,分布着较多血管,皮质位于卵巢外层,内有不同发育阶段的卵泡;原始卵泡由卵母细胞和颗粒细胞构成,初级卵泡开始出现透明带物质,到次级卵泡阶段发育完整,三级卵泡出现卵泡腔,卵泡及卵母细胞直径在有腔卵泡阶段比腔前卵泡阶段增长速度快,成熟卵泡的直径及透明带厚度达到最大,各级卵泡均有闭锁现象。     

母猪的卵巢机能紊乱

一、卵巢和卵巢周期的一般特征 (一)卵巢出生时母猪卵巢小而致密,基质组织不多,卵巢的皮质和髓质充满原始卵泡(单个卵母细胞被一层单层卵泡细胞所包围)。约在七周令时出现多层的葛拉夫氏泡,从四月令左右开始出现囊状卵泡。从此,卵     

猪卵巢发育的组织学特点及糖组织化学

运用组织学常规石蜡切片-HE染色和过碘酸-雪夫染色（PAs）方法,分别对3日龄及165日龄育成猪卵巢组织结构、各级卵泡的发育变化特点及其黏多糖分布情况进行了研究。结果显示,3日龄的猪卵巢皮质、髓质界限模糊,皮质部分由外向内依次分布着密集的卵原细胞和卵原细胞巢、共质体样的卵原细胞群,皮质深层与髓质相邻处分布着合胞体样的卵母细胞簇状结构和卵泡。育成猪卵巢中,皮、髓质界限明显,能观察到原始卵泡、初级卵泡、次级卵泡及近成熟卵泡,但是很少能见到黄体的结构。PAS染色结果表明,3日龄的猪卵巢中PAS阳性反应主要分布于卵原细胞周围的基质、卵原细胞巢和合胞体的外膜上,以及原始卵泡周围的基质、初级卵泡的卵泡膜及刚形成的透明带上,此外卵巢的白膜、髓质的结缔组织、血管壁及卵巢网周围也可见到广泛的阳性着色。育成猪卵巢中,PAS阳性反应主要分布于基质、生长卵泡的卵泡膜、卵泡的透明带、次级卵泡的卵泡液、黄体被膜及髓质的结缔组织和血管壁。     

猪卵巢发育的组织学特点及糖组织化学

运用组织学常规石蜡切片-HE染色和过碘酸-雪夫染色(PAS)方法,分别对3日龄及165日龄育成猪卵巢组织结构、各级卵泡的发育变化特点及其黏多糖分布情况进行了研究。结果显示,3日龄的猪卵巢皮质、髓质界限模糊,皮质部分由外向内依次分布着密集的卵原细胞和卵原细胞巢、共质体样的卵原细胞群,皮质深层与髓质相邻处分布着合胞体样的卵母细胞簇状结构和卵泡。育成猪卵巢中,皮、髓质界限明显,能观察到原始卵泡、初级卵泡、次级卵泡及近成熟卵泡,但是很少能见到黄体的结构。PAS染色结果表明,3日龄的猪卵巢中PAS阳性反应主要分布于卵原细胞周围的基质、卵原细胞巢和合胞体的外膜上,以及原始卵泡周围的基质、初级卵泡的卵泡膜及刚形成的透明带上,此外卵巢的白膜、髓质的结缔组织、血管壁及卵巢网周围也可见到广泛的阳性着色。育成猪卵巢中,PAS阳性反应主要分布于基质、生长卵泡的卵泡膜、卵泡的透明带、次级卵泡的卵泡液、黄体被膜及髓质的结缔组织和血管壁。     

双峰驼卵巢的形态观察

在冬春季节里,通过对87个双峰驼卵巢进行观察测量,研究其形态及卵泡、黄体数量分布情况.空怀的双峰驼的卵巢上可看到许多大小不同的卵泡、红体、黄体.在整个发情期都有较多的卵泡分布,其卵泡和黄体明显突出,形状一般为球形或者半球形,边界清晰,与其它哺乳动物明显不同.单个卵巢卵泡数最多可达69个,直径最大可达3.31 cm,黄体...     

早期猪胎儿卵巢的组织学观察

母猪怀孕后33-61d期间,是胎猪卵母细胞发生的关键阶段。为掌握这一时期卵巢上组织细胞的发育变化,试验采集妊娠33、40、46、54、61d的雌性胎猪卵巢进行苏木精-伊红染色。结果表明,妊娠33d胎猪卵巢表面上皮由1-2层细胞构成,实质见到卵原细胞和髓质索结构;妊娠40d时出现卵原细胞共质体结构和前细线期卵母细胞,髓质索状结构断裂;妊娠46d共质体样结构增多,卵母细胞进入前细线期和细线期。髓质索断裂成片段;妊娠54d时表面上皮由单层细胞构成,卵巢皮、髓可分,皮质中层见到合胞体样卵母细胞群,髓质相邻的皮质深层有一些原始卵泡正在形成;妊娠61d胎猪卵巢皮、髓界限清晰,皮质中层是大量合胞体样卵母细胞群,皮质深层出现了较多的原始卵泡,髓质中卵泡结构退化,卵母细胞发生核固缩。     

产蛋期皖西白鹅生殖系统的形态学观察

研究采用大体解剖法、石蜡切片法、HE染色法等对20只产蛋期的皖西白鹅母鹅生殖系统的形态结构和组织结构进行了观察,结果如下:皖西白鹅母鹅的生殖系统包括卵巢和输卵管两部分,仅左侧发育正常,右侧早已退化,卵巢表面被覆生殖上皮,下方是白膜,其实质由皮质和髓质组成,皮质内含有不同发育阶段的卵泡和萎缩卵泡,大卵泡突出了卵巢表面,卵泡无卵泡腔,也无卵泡液,排卵后不形成黄体。输卵管分为漏斗部、蛋白分泌部、峡部、子宫部和阴道部5个部分,各段均由黏膜层、肌层和外膜构成,黏膜上皮有纤毛,固有层内有腺体和淋巴组织,无黏膜肌层,肌层由内环外纵两层平滑肌组成,外膜为浆膜。     

Effects of Neonatal Gonadectomy on Structure of the Bursa of Fabricius in the Chicken A Light Histoquantitative Study

Quantitative stereological study of the bursa of Fabricius in Prelux chickens was performed 3 and 6 months after neonatal gonadectomy. The different structural changes were revealed in bursal follicles, epithelium and stroma of male and female chickens. In orchidectomized animals, the weight of bursa was increased compared to the nonoperated males. Stereological analysis revealed that the absolute amount of bursal follicles was increased due to the increased mass of follicular medulla. The number of areas of follicle-associated epithelium at the bursal mucosa, which in a mature bursa corresponds to the follicle number, was decreased. The height of follicle-associated epithelium (3 months) was decreased and the diameter of the follicle-associated epithelium (6 months) was increased. No changes in the surface density of bursa] epithelium was registered 3 and 6 months after neonatal gonadectomy. In ovariectomized chickens the weight of bursa was decreased in comparison to the nonoperated females. Histoquantitative analysis showed that the bursal follicular mass was decreased due to the decreased absolute amount of follicular medulla (3 and 6 months) and cortex (6 months), whereas the number and diameter of follicles were not changed. The height of interfollicular and follicle-associated epithelium was decreased, but no changes in the surface density of bursal epithelium was registered. Relative proportion of bursal stroma was increased. The studies presented further support of the concept that the functional relation between gonads and bursa of Fabricii exists during the postnatal period in the chicken.     

Histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study of the haemal nodes of the dromedary camel

Haemal nodes are lymphoid organs found in various mammals and some birds. The structure of haemal nodes has been described in a number of species but not yet in the camel. Therefore, haemal nodes from 10 camels were studied histologically and tested for CD3, CD22, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II/DR, alpha-smooth muscle actin and for the demonstration of acid and alkaline phosphatases. The haemal nodes were of spherical or kidney shape with one or two hili and had a capsule and trabeculae of connective tissue and smooth muscles. The main parenchyma was composed of a cortex and a medulla. The cortex was formed from lymphoid follicles and diffuse interfollicular lymphocytes. The medulla consisted of lymphoid cords separated by medullary sinuses. The interfollicular lymphocytes and those in the medullary cord were CD3-positive. The lymphoid follicles showed CD22-positive cells. MHC class II/DR was expressed by most cells of the parenchyma. There were also subcapsular, peritrabecular and medullary blood sinuses. Afferent and efferent lymphatics and lymphatic sinuses were also found. Acid phosphatase-positive cells were localized mainly in the marginal, the interfollicular zone and in the medullary cord. Alkaline phosphatase positivity was observed in the endothelium of the sinuses and in the lymphoid follicles. The morphology of these organs in the camel allows a classification as haemolymph nodes and suggests involvement in blood and lymph filtration.     

Analysis of the equine ovarian structure during the first twelve months of life by three-dimensional internal structure microscopy

A three-dimensional internal structure microscopy (3D-ISM) can clarify the anatomical arrangement of internal structures of equine ovaries. In this study, morphological changes of the equine ovary over the first 12 months of life were investigated by 3D-ISM in 59 fillies and by histological analysis in 2 fillies. The weight and volume of the paired ovaries initially decreased from 0 to 1 months to 2 to 3 months of age and then significantly increased at 8 to 12 months of age. The ovulation fossa was first observed around the 3rd month and became evident after the 6th month. The number of follicles with a diameter of ≥10 mm and the diameter of the largest follicle increased gradually after 6 months of age. On a volume basis, the medulla accounted for nearly 90% of the whole ovary at 0 to 1 months of age, but significantly decreased from 2 to 3 months of age. The volume of the cortex increased progressively after birth and reached approximately 60% of the total volume at 8 to 12 months of age. This significant development of the cortex coincided with the increased number and size of large follicles observed from 6 months of age. These results suggest that the development of the cortex plays a role in the maturation of the follicles and the equine ovary undergoes substantial morphological changes postnatally until puberty.     

Androgen receptor mRNA expression in the bovine ovary

Previous studies have shown that androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in granulosa cells of healthy, growing ovarian follicles in rats and primates. However, AR expression in the bovine ovary has not been examined. Therefore, a 346-base pair segment of the bovine AR was cloned and sequenced. Using a ribonuclease protection assay, AR expression was detected in total RNA from bovine ovarian cortex. Expression (absence or presence) of AR mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization in bovine ovarian cortex. Follicles (n = 32) were classified as follows: type 1 (1 layer of flattened granulosa cells), type 2 (1-1.5 layers of cuboidal granulosa cells), type 3 (2-3 layers of granulosa cells), type 4 (4-6 layers of cuboidal granulosa cells and formation of thecal layer), and type 5 (>6 layers of cuboidal granulosa cells, defined theca layer, and antrum formation). Frequency of AR mRNA expression increased (P < 0.001) as follicles entered the growing pool. Expression of AR mRNA was absent in type 1 follicles (n = 8), but present in the granulosa cells of 41% of type 2 follicles (n = 12). In types 3-5 follicles, AR mRNA expression was present in granulosa cells of 100% of follicles examined (n = 4, 4, and 4, respectively) and was greater than type 1 follicles (P = 0.002). These data provide evidence of AR mRNA expression in bovine follicles and suggest that AR mRNA increases during early follicle development.     

Prenatal development of the adrenal gland in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

With 14 figures and 3 tables SUMMARY: Each adrenal gland consisted of cortex and medulla that developed from different embryological origins and presented different cellular organization. One hundred male or female camel embryos or fetuses with crown vertebral rump lengths (CVRL) that ranged from 0.8 to 117 cm were examined. The adrenal cortex, which is derived from intermediate mesoderm, was first observed in the 0.8-cm CVRL camel embryo. The adrenal cortex initially was combined with the gonad as a thickened region of proliferating cells derived from splanchnic intermediate mesoderm. Adrenocortical tissue was first separated from the gonadal tissue in the 2-cm CVRL camel fetus and was observed as a separate dorso-medial mass of cells. At 2.5-cm CVRL, the adrenocortical tissue was surrounded by a capsule of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, except at its proximal pole, where an invagination was located through which chromaffinoblast cells entered the cortex. The chromaffinoblast cells migrated from the neural crest to form the medulla of the developing adrenal gland. In the 3.5-cm CVRL camel fetus, the adrenocortical cells differentiated into two layers: the inner fetal cortex and the outer definitive cortex. As development proceeded, the fetal cortex degenerated and the definitive cortex formed the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata. The zona reticularis did not form until the end of gestation. During prenatal life, the adrenal medulla was much thicker than the cortex.     

The Application of Three-Dimensional Internal Structure Microscopy in the Observation of Mare Ovary

The ovary of the mare has a unique structure which differs totally from that of other mammals. However, because of its relatively large size, conventional histological techniques were unsuitable for the observation of the internal structure of the whole ovary. Three-dimensional internal structure microscopy (3D-ISM) consists of a cryotome-CCD camera-laser disc recorder-PC-based control system coupled with a graphic workstation. The internal structure of the ovary is observed by processing over more than 1,000 stored images of serially sliced surfaces of each frozen equine ovary. The 3D reconstruction was done using the full-coloured, volume-rendering method. The relationship between the localization of medulla, cortex and ovulation fossa was clarified. The ovulation fossa is localized in the centre of the ovary and is surrounded by a broad ovarian cortex. A trace of ovulation was observed only at the ovulation fossa. Medulla are localized in narrow peripheral areas. The phenomenon of the competition to occupy the cortical area ahead of the ovulation fossa by developing secondary follicles was visualized. Spatial localization of various sized follicles was identified from 3D-reconstructed images. In this study, it has been clarified that application or this novel computerized technique can clarify the anatomical arrangements of the equine ovary and the complex mechanism of equine follicular development.