灭草特在水稻秧田应用技术研究

在毒鼠时机、毒饵布放位置及药物剂量一致的条件下,用不同饵料防治稻田害鼠,O.005％大隆稻谷毒饵灭鼠效果达91.8％,0.005％大隆大米毒饵灭鼠效果为79.6％。0.2％敌鼠钠盐稻谷毒饵灭效则为96.2％。以相同的或不同的大隆剂量、不同饵料、不同加药方法对4组笼养黄毛鼠作1次投毒试验,其结果与急性杀鼠剂1次毒杀效果相同,但试鼠呈慢性死亡过程。剖检症状为内出血。本试区仅初次使用第一代抗凝血剂——敌鼠钠盐,尚未产生抗药性的老鼠种群。大隆杀鼠剂,可作为今后出现“超级老鼠”时的接替品种。     

不同饵料毒饵防治家栖鼠类效果试验

试验选用碎粒玉米、稻谷、小麦粒、红薯块、大米5种不同饵料,用0．5％溴敌隆母液配制成0．005％毒饵,通过对住宅区优势种黄胸鼠的适口性试验和杀灭效果观察结果表明,以大米、小麦粒和红薯块的取食率最高,分别为35．23％、32．42％和30．8％,而碎粒玉米、稻谷毒饵取食率次之。前3种毒饵的灭鼠效果分别为92．74％、88．65％和86．91％,后两种毒饵的灭鼠效果为79．68%和77．09％。由此看出毒饵取食率的高低与灭鼠效果有着密切的正相关关系．     

褐家鼠对各种不同饵料的摄食试验及现场防制效果

褐家鼠是南宁市城乡室内优势鼠种和防制的主要对象。1989年4月—1990年12月我们对其进行了室内摄食量试验、现场盗食率测定及现场防制效果研究。选择性摄食试验结果表明,褐家鼠喜食大米、稻谷和玉米粉(粒),摄食系数为1.8、1.0和1.6(0.4);在无选择摄食试验中还喜食混合饵料,摄食系数大多数大于1,其次为麦麸、黄豆麸、花生、黄豆、马铃薯和木薯,摄食系数分别为0.7—1。对大米、稻谷、玉米、木薯的盗食率分别为55.7％、38.4％、33.9％、23.2％;各自配成的敌鼠钠盐毒饵的盗食率分别为63.0％、46.0％、42.5％和29.0％。现场防制家鼠的防效为75.4％—85.0％。根据上述结果,我们认为目前我区毒杀褐家鼠选择诱饵的原则是:因时制宜、因地制宜,以大米、稻谷和玉米为配制毒饵的首选饵料,辅以非粮饵料,如大力开发以玉米为基饵的多种诱饵混配料,扩大诱饵选择范围,可达到降低成本、提高经济效益和灭鼠效率的目的。     

应用溴敌隆膨化颗粒毒饵防治田鼠的效果试验

应用0.005％溴敌隆膨化颗粒毒饵防治花生地害鼠试验结果表明：0.005％溴 敌隆膨化颗粒毒饵对花生地的墨 线姬鼠，黄毛鼠及社鼠适口性很好，投饵后进行3d取食率在37.8％-57.4％；平均为45.2％。投毒饵后15d采用夜夹法测定灭鼠效果，0.005％溴敌隆膨化颗粒毒饵灭鼠效果达93.54％。     

江苏省植保站甘氟防治农田害鼠和家栖鼠试验

据江苏省植保站沈兆昌、韩立昌报道,1989～1990年该省植保站在淮安、泗阳、泰兴、东台、如皋、句容等县试验用江苏省泗阳县鼠药厂生产的75％甘氟原药和75％甘氟钠盐防治黑线姬鼠、黑线仑鼠、褐家鼠和家栖鼠等。供试浓度和毒饵用量为1％甘氟小麦毒饵每亩30g;1.5％甘氟小麦毒饵每亩20g;室内灭鼠用大米作毒饵,每房间(20m~2左右)     

不同饵料毒饵防治黑线姬鼠试验研究

化学药物（杀鼠剂）是施药灭鼠的前提条件 ,毒饵摄食量多少是灭鼠效果高低的保障。选择对鼠类适口性好 ,并且经济的饵料 ,既可以减少资金投入 ,又可以达到较好灭鼠效果。因此。县植保植检站于２０００年７月２１日～２５日在遵义县南白镇青山村对农田优势鼠种（黑线姬鼠）进行了不同饵料毒饵毒杀试验。１试验区概况及设置１．１试验区设在南白镇青山村 ,该村属于自流灌溉水源条件好 ,光照充足 ,海拔８００ｍ～８５０ｍ ,耕地面积２０８．２ｈｍ２,农户１１８３户 ,农业生产走在全县前列。１．２试验区设置设试验区５个 ,分别为稻谷粒毒饵区…     

不同饵料毒饵防治农田鼠类效果试验

近年来 ,农田鼠类严重危害农作物 ,造成极大的经济损失 ,已成为农业生产上的一大灾害 ,药物灭鼠是防治农田鼠类最方便 ,且经济有效的措施之一。为了寻找经济、有效的饵料配制毒饵 ,提高鼠类适口性和防治效果 ,给大面积灭鼠提供依据。我们于２００１年６月在贵州省铜仁农业学校实验基地进行了不同饵料毒饵防治农田鼠类的试验研究 ,现将试验结果报告如下 :１研究方法１．１供试饵料大米、稻谷、玉米粒、小麦粒、红薯块（鲜）。１．２供试药物０．５%溴敌隆水剂 ,上海泰和化工厂生产 ,使用浓度为１∶１００。１．３试验方法试验地点设置在铜仁…     

洞庭湖区东方田鼠对敌鼠钠盐的敏感性分析

为了有效使用抗凝血灭鼠剂防治鼠害,采用强制喂食法将0.025％敌鼠钠盐毒饵分别连续喂食不同性别的成年东方田鼠1、2、4、6和8d,记录东方田鼠取食和死亡情况,并分析洞庭湖区东方田鼠对敌鼠钠盐的敏感性.结果显示:东方田鼠的毒饵取食量有下降的趋势,但不显著;不同性别东方田鼠对敌鼠钠盐的敏感性无显著差异,合并雌、雄东方田鼠数据,其LFP50和LFP99的估计值分别为0.60 d和5.70 d;东方田鼠取食毒饵后,死亡高峰期出现在第4～7天.研究表明洞庭湖区东方田鼠对敌鼠钠盐无抗性,0.025％敌鼠钠盐能够有效防治该地区东方田鼠.     

农田毒饵站灭鼠试验

鼠害是农业生产的重要灾害之一,近年来,农田害鼠的数量急剧增加,给农业生产造成了极大的损失。为探讨毒饵站灭鼠效果,本人于2004年进行了现场试验,现报告于下。1试验材料与方法1·1毒饵站的制作和毒饵的配制用口径为5~6cm的竹筒制成,长度约50cm,两端各延长3cm用来遮雨,用铁丝将竹筒两端固定,将铁丝插入地下,竹筒与地面约3cm,以免雨水灌入。毒饵用敌鼠钠盐、稻谷、水按1∶400∶120制成。1·2毒饵站的放置沿田梗鼠路每666·7m2放1个。1·3试验地点与设计试验在公平乡岩山村委中南村进行,试验面积为13·3hm2,对照面积13·3hm2,以公平乡至岩山村…     

石腊毒饵灭鼠试验简报

敌鼠钠盐毒饵应用于农田灭鼠,受自然条件的影响,易发生霉变,降低药效。为解决霉变问题,笔者于1986年8月7日至12月10日进行了石腊毒谷灭鼠试验观察,取得良好效果,现报告如下: 一配制与试验方法按石腊10％和0.01％敌鼠钠盐毒饵(谷)90％,将石腊加热溶化后加入毒饵拌     

Efficacy and attractiveness of zinc phosphide bait in common voles (Microtus arvalis)

BACKGROUND: Minimising the concentration of active ingredient in rodenticide bait is desirable economically and for the protection of the agroecosystem. This study aimed to identify a zinc phosphide concentration that balances palatability and efficacy for common vole (Microtus arvalis Pall.) management and to compare the attractiveness of two bait carriers. RESULTS: Bait uptake of voles was reduced by 87–98% compared with plain bait when bait contained 0.4–3.2% zinc phosphide. There was an almost 50% decrease in the uptake of zinc phosphide when the zinc phosphide concentration of bait was doubled. Red dye used in commercially available bait decreased bait consumption by 10%. Daily consumption of zinc phosphide bait on days 2 to 5 was half the consumption on the first day of exposure. In bait choice tests, wheat kernels were preferred initially, but within 12 h similar amounts of wheat‐based pellets and wheat kernels were eaten. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results from the laboratory trial, a zinc phosphide concentration of 2.1% seemed to balance uptake/efficacy best and may be most appropriate for the management of common vole populations. This concentration is substantially lower than the concentration used in many registered products. A reduced concentration of active ingredient and the use of pellet bait instead of wheat which is highly attractive for birds may have advantages for agroecosystem health when applying zinc phosphide for rodent control. © Jens Jacob, Mechthild Budde and Angela Leukers, employees of the Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Germany. Printed with permission.     

Rodenticide grain bait ingredient acceptance by Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) and pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae)

Vertebrate pest control in California is often accomplished through the use of rodenticide grain baits. These grain baits are composed of steam-rolled oats (SRO), a toxicant, an indicator dye and an oil combination. A series of tests were performed to determine the effects of various dye and oil formulations on acceptance of grain bait by Norway rats [Rattus norvegicus (Berk)], California ground squirrels [Spermophilus beecheyi (Richardson)] and pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae Eyd & Gerv). Seven different dyes, four oil formulations and clean (untreated) oats were tested for acceptance. The addition of the selected oils and dyes to grain resulted in no significant differences in consumption. This indicates that there is a wide variety of dyes that could be used in the formulation of rodenticides. These alternatives could aid in proper pesticide use, the deterrence of bait consumption by birds and possibly in ingredient adhesion to the finished bait.     

防治稻田黄毛鼠和板齿鼠的试验

烟草霜霉病(Peronospora tabacina Adam)是烟草作物的一种毁灭性病害,蔓延很广,遍及世界许多国家。鉴于我国无烟草霜霉病分布,因此,杜绝此病的传入,保护烟草生产,对来自疫区的烟叶实施检疫很有必要。烟草霜霉病传病的主要来源是分生孢子和卵孢子,但分生孢子与卵孢子比较,其抗逆能力差,寿命短,烟叶经晒干、贮藏、航运、加工等过程,随烟叶携带霜霉病分生孢子传病的可能性少。关于卵孢子,尽管萌发的具体情况不甚清楚,传播流行所起作用认     

稻糠与浮萍控制稻田杂草和稻纹枯病初步研究

温室盆栽和田间小区试验研究了稻糠、稻草糠、浮萍和满江红对稻田主要杂草和水稻纹枯病的控制作用,以及对水稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明,单独施用稻糠、稻草糠、浮萍和满江红对水稻分蘖、株高、生物量和产量无显著影响,但可明显抑制稗草的萌发、降低其生物产量;对移栽的莎草、鸭舌草、牛毛毡的株高、鲜重控制效果不一。稻糠加浮萍可显著提高对主要杂草和水稻纹枯病的控制效果,且对水稻无明显影响。     

The influence of bait presentation on bait uptake by mice (Mus domesticus) in infested urban domestic dwellings

Several researchers have established a link between the presence of house mouse (Mus domesticus) infestations and detrimental effects on human health. Controlling mouse infestations therefore requires methods that are quick, safe and effective. A tamper-resistant bait station with a wax block which is manufactured to fit within it so that it cannot be shaken out is considered the safest way to present the bait. However, some authors have expressed concern about the efficacy of this method. Research to examine the effects of bait stations on the feeding of mice infesting domestic dwellings was undertaken in the city of Manchester, UK. Working in conjunction with Manchester City Council, suitable sites were found. A balanced Latin Square experimental design was employed to overcome any operational biases that could have occurred. Non-toxic baits were presented in one of four ways: whole wheat in a cardboard box; whole wheat in a open tray; whole wheat in a tamper-resistant box; and a non-toxic wax block in a tamper-resistant box. Baits were placed in four different locations within dwellings and during the feeding trial; the bait stations were rotated, so that each bait type was presented in each location. The bait take from 12 dwellings within 3 housing blocks was recorded. Three-quarters of the bait consumed during the trial was taken from the cardboard box. No bait was taken from the tamper-resistant box containing the wax block.

Risk assessments should drive the approach adopted in presenting rodenticide. Dwellings where vulnerable adults/children/pets are present may represent a risk of accidental poisoning may require a regime with tamper-resistant bait boxes containing wax blocks, to prevent baits being accessed. However, a balance between the safest and the most effective presentation of bait is needed and in areas where there is unlikely to be any access to baits (e.g. behind kitchen kickboards), use of alternatives must remain to ensure the shift resolution of infestations. Where bait can be placed safely and there are no children or pets present, cardboard boxes provide an effective means of ensuring that bait is consumed by the mice infesting domestic dwellings.     

0.2%苄嘧磺隆·丙草胺颗粒剂在水稻田中的残留及消解动态

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法研究了0.2%苄嘧磺隆·丙草胺颗粒剂在稻田环境中的消解动态和最终残留。稻田水、谷壳、稻秆和水稻植株样品用二氯甲烷提取,土壤样品用V（二氯甲烷）:V（甲醇）=9:1的混合液提取,糙米样品用V（二氯甲烷）:V（甲醇）=7:3的混合液提取后再用二氯甲烷萃取;HPLC法测定。结果表明:当添加水平在0.05~1 mg/kg（或mg/L）时,苄嘧磺隆和丙草胺的平均回收率均在75%~103%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.6%~13%;苄嘧磺隆和丙草胺的检出限（LOD）均为0.02 mg/L,最小检出量均为4.0×10-10 g,在稻田水中的最低检测浓度（LOQ）均为0.001 mg/L,在稻田土壤中的LOQ均为0.005 mg/kg,在水稻植株、谷壳和糙米中的LOQ均为0.01 mg/kg。在水稻移栽后5~7 d,采用直接撒施法在高剂量（270 kg/hm2,其中苄嘧磺隆有效成分为67.5 g/hm2,丙草胺有效成分为472.5 g/hm2）下施药1次的消解动态试验结果表明:在稻田水、土壤和水稻植株中,苄嘧磺隆的消解半衰期分别为5.06~5.83 d、9.76~11.55 d和4.52~4.82 d,丙草胺的消解半衰期分别为5.94~6.45 d、7.70~9.90 d和4.11~4.89 d。分别按低剂量（180 kg/hm2,其中苄嘧磺隆有效成分为45 g/hm2,丙草胺有效成分为315 g/hm2）和高剂量（270 kg/hm2）施药1次,在正常收获期收获的糙米中均未检出苄嘧磺隆和丙草胺残留。     

Tenth international congress of plant protection,Brighton, November 1983

Abstract

Field trials were conducted to control rodent pests of wheat crop by improving bait acceptability through taste enhancers (additives). Egg shell, egg yolk, yeast, minced meat, sheep blood and chicken blood were mixed 2% by weight individually in a bait base of broken rice and wheat flour. Brodifacoum and bromadiolone bait with egg shell additive ranked first, and egg yolk second, in preference over other additive poison baits and poison bait without additive. Poison baiting yielded 93.3% and 86.7% reduction in rodent population with brodifacoum and bromadiolone (0.005% each), respectively. Three baitings, at tillering, flowering and maturity stage of the crop, gave 91.0% tiller damage reduction with brodifacoum and 86.0% with bromadiolone as compared to control (untreated). It is concluded that three poison baitings containing egg shell additive should be initiated at tillering stage followed by flowering and maturity of the wheat crop for increased yield.     

应用硫氟磺酰胺毒饵防治红火蚁

应用硫氟磺酰胺毒饵在广西陆川防治25hm^2红火蚁的结果表明，施药后3d蚁巢内即有红火蚁个体死亡。施药后7、14、21d的防治效果分别可达81．5%,93．9％和100%；施药后余下的顽固蚁巢和7d后出现的新蚁巢经再度施药后14d全部死亡；从5月23日到11月25日蚁群全部死亡的5欢监测、调查，既诱捕不到工蚁，也没有发现新蚁巢。因此，硫氟磺酰胺毒饵不仅具有高效、快速、安全、使用方便等特点，而且硫氟磺酰胺的应用完全可以取代目前国外普遍使用的二步施药法中的灌巢法。     

Field evaluation of capsaicin as a rodent aversion agent for poultry feed

Developing additional techniques for reducing animal feed contamination by rodents and controlling rodent populations is critical to efforts aimed at reducing the occurrence of Salmonella spp infection on poultry farms. Capsaicin, a compound found in chili peppers of the genus Capsicum, produces a burning sensation in the mouth of mammals and is used effectively as an animal deterrent for some pest species. Applied to poultry feed, capsaicin may be effective as an aversive agent to deter rodent feeding and enhance acceptability of rodenticide baits. We tested capsaicin-treated poultry diets (2000 and 3000 Scoville Heat Units, SHU) in no-choice feeding trials at four active New York farms in the winter of 1997-1998. At all farms, consumption of the 2000 SHU diet by rodents (Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus (Berk), and house mice, Mus musculus L) was significantly less than consumption of a control diet. Consumption of the 3000 SHU diet by rodents was significantly less than consumption of a control diet at three of the four farms. Overall, consumption of treated diets was 58-97% and 55-98% less than consumption of the control diet, for the 2000 and 3000 SHU diets, respectively. These reductions appeared to be related closely to the availability of alternative feed sources at these farms. Two-choice feeding trials involving a rodenticide bait (0.05 g kg(-1) brodifacoum) and the 3000 SHU diet demonstrated that Norway rats preferred the rodenticide to the capsaicin-treated poultry feed. Overall, rodenticide bait acceptance was high (95.6%) when offered simultaneously with capsaicin-treated poultry feed. Although poultry managers must utilize several techniques to manage rodent pests, the use of capsaicin-treated diets to reduce feed losses and increase rodenticide bait acceptance appears promising. Use of capsaicin-treated feed on poultry farms may substantially reduce feed contamination by rodents and ultimately the incidence of Salmonella infection in poultry.     

红火蚁克星对入侵红火蚁的防治效果

经过一年来的野外试验,结果表明红火蚁克星对红火蚁具有显著的控制效果。施药后4d,红火蚁全巢死亡率达83.33～92.31%,施药后7～10d全巢死亡。施药后90d和180d监测结果表明,诱测点在6个月内未出现新的蚁巢。