开发基于MapX的灌溉信息空间数据库的技术实践

利用GIS工具管理灌溉用水是实现农业高效用水的重要措施之一。精确、充足的空间数据是支撑GIS的基础。以开发陕西省冯家山灌区灌溉信息空间数据库为例介绍了基于MapX组件的空间数据库的建立与关联技术，并对在灌溉管理工作中运用GIS技术进行了有益的探讨。     

GIS技术在农业工程中的应用

地理信息系统（GIS）以地理空间数据库为基础,采用地理模型分析的方法对空间数据进行采集、管理、操作、分析、模拟与显示,可以及时有效地提供多种空间与动态的地理信息,已经得到了广大学者与研究人员所认可。该文从地理信息系统的认知出发,详细分析了GIS技术在农业工程中的应用。      

自组织神经网络在流域土壤水分含量空间模式识别中的应用

由于土壤水分含量受众多因素的影响，空间变异性很大，给土壤水分含量空间分布的研究带来了很大的困难。空间模式识别是处理土壤水分含量空间数据的方法之一，能够分析得到土壤水分含量空间数据的聚类结果。基于自组织特征映射和自适应共振理论的自组织神经网络模型在空间数据模式识别中得到广泛应用，针对澳大利亚tarrawarra试验流域土壤水分含量的观测数据，应用自组织神经网络，建立动态土壤水分含量的空间模式识别模型，并用半变异函数对识别结果进行检验，实例研究表明该方法是一种行之有效的方法。     

自组织神经网络在流域土壤水分含

由于土壤水分含量受众多因素的影响，空间变异性很大，给土壤水分含量空间分布的研究带来了很大的困难。空间模式识别是处理土壤水分含量空间数据的方法之一，能够分析得到土壤水分含量空间数据的聚类结果。基于自组织特征映射和自适应共振理论的自组织神经网络模型在空间数据模式识别中得到广泛应用，针对澳大利亚tarrawarra试验流域土壤水分含量的观测数据，应用自组织神经网络，建立动态土壤水分含量的空间模式识别模型，并用半变异函数对识别结果进行检验，实例研究表明该方法是一种行之有效的方法。     

基于ArGS Engne的给水管网信

依据给水管网信息系统及其管理的特点，利用COMGIS的设计思想，进行了给水管网管理信息系统的设计；采用ArcGIS Engine开发包，利用EPANET2.DLL管网模拟分析函数库，在VB平台上对模型进行集成，实现管网工况的动态模拟分析功能；同时采用Oracle Spatial进行数据库综合管理，实现对空间数据和属性数据的动态加载，建立基于C/S的给水管网信息系统，全面实现给水管网的动态空间模拟功能，为管理决策提供直观的可视化工具。     

基于GIS草地资源管理信息系统的设计与应用

通过对内蒙古牧区草地资源管理部门业务需求的调查,并结合锡林郭勒盟西乌珠穆沁旗草地资源管理工作的现状,重点对西乌珠穆沁旗草地的资源管理信息系统进行了设计.系统主要建设以"旗-苏木(镇)-嘎查"三级行政区划为空间分析统计单元的地籍管理与服务平台.为此,根据地理空间数据的特点,将空间数据和属性数据都存储在SQL Server数据库中,并采用数字表示的层次型分类编码体系,通过空间数据引擎,访问SQL Server数据库中的数据,实现空间数据与属性数据的无缝组织,为政府部门进行数据管理和前景规划提供可视化、易操作且规范的信息管理平台.     

ComGIS在开发流域水资源管理系统中供运用与实践

对GIS在水利行业的应用现状及ComGIS在开发GIS应用软件中的优点进行了简介。简述了流域水资源管理系统的开发思路,分析了系统的数据共享模式及基于ComGIS的系统空间数据结构,在此基础上介绍了系统的总体结构。以淮河流域为开发实例,阐述了系统地理空间数据库的构成,分析了各个模块的具体功能及其功能的实现。总结了ComGIS的应用前景与特点。     

ComGIS在开发流域水资源管理系统中的运用与实践

对GIS在水利行业的应用现状及ComGIS在开发GIS应用软件中的优点进行了简介。简述了流域水资源管理系统的开发思路,分析了系统的数据共享模式及基于ComGIS的系统空间数据结构,在此基础上介绍了系统的总体结构。以淮河流域为开发实例,阐述了系统地理空间数据库的构成,分析了各个模块的具体功能及其功能的实现。总结了ComGIS的应用前景与特点。     

采用GIS系统集成技术建立流域水资源管理信息系统

采用PowerBuilder数据库开发平台与Maplnfo地理信息系统集成设计完成了新疆玛纳斯河流域水资源信息管理系统。利用GIS提供的OLE自动化混合编程技术开发了基于GIS的数据录入与修改、流域水资源调度管理、水资源优化配置模型模型分析、灌区综合信息查询等功能。同时使用Spatialware for sql server作为网络空间数据库插件，实现了空间数据网络共享、数据库管理系统和空间数据库的无缝集成。     

数字林业管理平台关键技术及其应用研究——基于WEBGIS软件

以ESRI公司的WebGIS软件ArcIMS平台,ASP,JavaScript,ArcXML和HTML技术作为系统开发环境.依据空间数据的特点和存储要求,本系统数据管理采用关系数据库SQLServer2000和 ArcSDE空间数据库引擎结合的技术方案.此外,利用ArcIMS进行二次开发,系统实现了多种功能,包括地图显示、数据检索、专题图制作等功能,为数字林业管理平台关键技术及其应用研究提供了参考依据.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。