不同土壤氮钾肥配施对莴笋产量和品质的效应研究

选择重庆地区适宜栽种的莴笋品种,采用田间试验研究酸性和碱性土壤氮钾肥配施对莴笋产量和品质的影响,为重庆地区发展高产优质莴笋生产和合理利用土壤氮钾养分资源提供科学依据。结果表明:氮钾肥配施处理较N1K0处理(无钾)显著提高2种土壤莴笋产量,其中酸性土增产10.0%~18.1%,碱性土增产11.9%~19.6%,增产率均以碱性土酸性土。2种土壤上莴笋氮肥增产效应在K1(钾肥适量)时较高,钾肥增产效应在N1(氮肥适量)时较高;在N1K1处理(适氮适钾)基础上,N2K2处理(增施氮钾肥)对莴笋产量提高有明显负交互作用。2种土壤氮钾肥配施显著降低莴笋叶和茎硝酸盐含量,莴笋硝酸盐含量以酸性土碱性土,且以莴笋茎莴笋叶。氮钾肥配施对酸性土莴笋叶和茎维生素C含量的影响规律不明显,对碱性土莴笋叶和茎维生素C含量有提高作用,但差异不显著,2种土壤均以N2K1处理提高作用大;莴笋叶维生素C含量以碱性土酸性土,莴笋茎维生素C含量以酸性土碱性土。酸性土氮钾肥配施以N2K1处理显著提高莴笋叶片蔗糖和总糖含量,以及莴笋茎果糖、还原糖、蔗糖和总糖含量,大大提高莴笋的食用风味品质;碱性土壤氮钾肥配施以N2K1处理显著提高莴笋叶片葡萄糖、果糖、还原糖、蔗糖和总糖含量,N1K1处理显著提高莴笋茎葡萄糖、果糖、还原糖和总糖含量,改善莴笋风味和营养品质。氮钾肥配施各处理在酸性土以N2K1处理、碱性土以N1K2处理显著提高莴笋叶和茎各种必需氨基酸含量;酸性土N1K2处理显著提高莴笋叶甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和氨基酸总量,N2K1处理显著提高莴笋茎甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和氨基酸总量;碱性土氮钾肥配施以N1K2处理显著提高莴笋叶和莴笋茎甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和氨基酸总量,改善莴笋氨基酸品质性状。综合考虑莴笋产量和品质效应,高氮适钾处理(N2K1)为供试酸性土和碱性土适宜的氮钾肥配施组合。     

黄土高原南瓜高糖低硝酸盐施肥模式研究

采用N、P、K3因素最优设计,在陕北黄土高原进行了南瓜氮、磷、钾用量及其肥效反应模式田间试验,研究不同施肥量对南瓜硝态氮、可溶性糖两项营养品质的影响,旨在探讨南瓜品质高糖低硝酸盐的N、P、K肥效反应模式,提出优化的施肥方案。结果表明,N肥单因素对南瓜硝态氮和可溶性糖含量影响最大,K肥单因素对南瓜硝态氮和可溶性糖含量影响不显著,N与P交互作用对南瓜高糖低硝酸盐影响显著,K肥施用量一定时,氮肥与磷肥的施用量不易过大。根据南瓜N、P、K肥效反应模式,筛选出南瓜品质硝态氮含量在200mg·kg-1以下、可溶性糖含量在7%以上的较佳施肥量为施氮95～120 kg·hm-2,施磷40～70 kg·hm-2,施钾35～80 kg·hm-2,N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.42∶0.37。     

适宜施氮钾水平提高滴灌秋茶的产量及品质

2018年5月至10月在山东省日照市开展田间试验,研究滴灌条件下不同施氮(纯N)水平(0 kg/hm~2,N0;45 kg/hm~2,N1;75 kg/hm~2,N2;105 kg/hm~2,N3)和施钾(K2O)水平(0 kg/hm~2,K0;27 kg/hm~2,K1;54 kg/hm~2,K2;81 kg/hm~2,K3)对秋季茶叶产量及品质的影响。结果表明:在不同氮水平的对比中,施氮量为75 kg/hm~2(N2K2)时取得最高鲜叶产量及茶多酚、儿茶素、水浸出物含量;施氮量105 kg/hm~2(N3K2)时氨基酸、咖啡碱含量高于其他处理,且酚氨比最小。在不同钾水平的对比中,施钾量81 kg/hm~2(N2K3)时取得最高鲜叶产量且叶绿素、咖啡碱含量最高;施钾量54 kg/hm~2(N2K2)时氨基酸、茶多酚、儿茶素、水浸出物含量最高;施钾量为27 kg/hm~2(N2K1)时酚氨比最小。综合分析所有施肥处理的产量与品质,施氮量105 kg/hm~2、施钾量54 kg/hm~2(N3K2)时表现最优。     

钾、氮配施对生姜产量和品质及钾素利用的影响

采用田间试验研究钾氮配施对生姜产量和品质及钾素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,不同K、N配施对生姜生长及品质有明显的影响,适宜的K、N用量及配合施用能明显促进生姜生长发育,增加根茎产量,改善营养品质,提高钾肥利用率。施钾量在450 kg/hm2以下,生姜根茎产量及产量构成因素随钾肥用量的增加而增加。两种氮肥水平下,株高、分枝数、茎粗及茎叶干重和单株姜根茎重均是中等钾肥用量K450处理最高,所有处理中N450K450获得了最高产量。品质分析结果显示,适宜的钾氮配施能有效提高生姜根茎维生素C和糖分含量,降低硝酸盐含量,改善营养品质。与不施钾的对照相比,施钾处理生姜根茎维生素C含量显著提高,以中等钾肥用量K450下最高;增加氮肥施用量对根茎Vc含量没有显著影响。施钾提高了生姜根茎可溶性糖和蔗糖含量,但不同钾氮配施处理提高幅度不同。K0和低钾条件下,增施氮肥会明显提高生姜根茎硝酸盐含量,施钾则能降低其含量;不同钾氮用量降低程度不同,适宜钾氮配施处理N375K375和N450K450硝酸盐含量最低。施用钾肥的处理,生姜茎叶、根茎和全株含K量明显提高,K素养分吸收量显著增多;同一钾肥用量下,增加氮肥用量,茎叶、根茎和全株含K量也明显提高,各部位K素积累量相应增加。钾素农学效率,低氮水平下随钾肥用量的增加而下降,高氮N450条件下,K450处理达最大值。钾肥利用率,两种氮肥水平下均是K450处理最高,高氮高钾的N450K525处理钾肥利用率也较高。     

氮钾配施对弱筋小麦氮、钾养分吸收利用及产量和品质的影响

在低钾和中钾土壤上,采用田间试验研究了氮钾配施对弱筋小麦氮、钾养分吸收及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,氮钾肥配合施用促进了弱筋小麦植株氮、钾含量的提高,氮、钾养分吸收表现出一定的正交互作用;合理配施氮钾肥能够显著地提高弱筋小麦产量。在低钾土壤上,N180K150处理产量最高(5023.kg/hm2);中钾土壤上,最高产量(5145.kg/hm2)为N180K90处理。两种土壤上,氮肥的产量效应均大于钾肥。低钾土壤上,氮钾对小麦产量表现出极显著的正交互作用。提高氮肥用量显著降低了弱筋小麦的专用品质,钾肥对小麦品质的独立效应不显著,但是钾对氮的品质效应存在着交互作用。弱筋小麦抽穗期或灌浆期植株氮、钾含量与子粒品质的相关系数较大,与产量的相关系数则是以拔节期或抽穗期较大。适当减少氮肥用量和增加氮、钾肥基施比例有利于改善弱筋小麦的品质。     

氮钾配施对龙粳31营养品质和食味评分的影响分析

试验采用随机区组设计,研究不同氮肥与钾肥互作对龙粳31营养品质和食味评分的影响,为水稻的优质栽培提供合理的氮钾配施技术。结果表明:施氮量为153.12 kg/hm~2、施钾量为0 kg/hm~2,蛋白质含量达到最高,为9.37%;施氮量为0 kg/hm~2、施钾量为26.25 kg/hm~2,直链淀粉含量最高,为17.3%;施氮量为76.56 kg/hm~2、施钾量为0 kg/hm~2,食味评分最高,为83.05%。     

氮钾配施对麦瓶草（面条菜）品质性状及相关酶活性的影响

以麦瓶草(面条菜)为试验材料,采用基质栽培方法,研究了不同氮钾营养配施水平对面条菜品质性状及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:处理6即N2K3(N:8 mmol/L,K:7.5 mmol/L)、处理8即N3K2(N:12mmol/L,K:5 mmol/L)的氮钾配施处理,面条菜单株产量较高,品质性状较佳,硝酸盐含量较低,硝酸还原酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、抗坏血酸氧化酶活性较高,确定其为最适合的氮钾配施比例。     

川南烟区土壤测试与最佳施肥模式的研究初报

通过对川南烟区的生产调查、取样分析和氮、磷、钾以及镁、硼、钼肥料对烟叶产量、质量及其化学成分影响的研究 ,结果表明 :本区施肥以每公顷 90 kg N为宜 ,N∶ P2 O5∶ K2 O为 1∶2∶ 3或 1∶ 2∶ 2 ,产量达 2 0 87kg/ hm2 ,上等烟比例达 4 0 .0 5% ,烟叶各化学成分含量适当且协调。氮、磷、钾肥料配施的基础上 ,配施镁使上等烟增加 2 .67～ 3.52个百分点 ,产值增加 13.30 %～ 15.95% ;配施硼肥 ,使上等烟提高 5.69个百分点 ,配施钼肥 ,提高产值 5.68%。镁、硼肥混施有相互抑制肥效的作用 ;镁、硼、钼施用对烟叶化学成分有一定的影响。川南烟区最佳施肥模式建议为 :氮、磷、钾、镁肥的配合施用 (钙镁磷肥代替镁肥更佳 )     

氮钾配施对麦瓶草(面条菜)生理指标、产量和品质的影响

以麦瓶草(面条菜)为试验材料,采用基质培方法,研究了不同氮钾营养水平对面条菜生理指标、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:处理8(N3K2,N3:12 mmol/L,K2:5 mmol/L))、处理6(N2K3,N2:8 mmol/L,K3:7.5 mmol/L)的氮钾组合,面条菜单株产量较高,品质性状较好,叶面积和叶绿素含量较高,根系活力较强,确定其为最佳氮钾配施比例。     

基于“3414”的三七氮磷钾施肥量研究

通过研究氮磷钾肥对三七[Panax notoginseng(Burk)F.H. Chen]产量及主要有效成分产量的影响,为三七种植生产推荐合理的施肥量,试验采用"3414"随机区组设计,进行连续2年的田间小区试验,测定三七植株农艺性状、产量、总皂苷产量等指标,通过肥料效应函数方程拟合氮磷钾施肥量。结果表明,施肥不同程度促进了三七株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽等农艺性状,且以适当施氮和磷的效果为最佳;二年七(二年生三七)对钾的依赖性较氮磷强,而三年七(三年生三七)对氮的依赖性最强;施氮能显著提高三七单位面积总皂苷产量,在低氮水平即可获得最高总皂苷产量,而磷、钾肥对皂苷含量及总皂苷产量的影响不明显;氮磷钾对三七产量的影响有互作效应,低磷、中钾水平利于氮肥肥效发挥,低氮、中钾水平利于磷肥肥效发挥,而低氮、中磷水平利于钾肥肥效发挥。根据三七总皂苷产量的三元二次回归方程,最大化三七总皂苷产量的施肥量:二年七为N 157～164 kg·hm~(-2)、P_2O_5 179～187 kg·hm~(-2)、K2O337～356 kg·hm~(-2);三年七为N 192～200 kg·hm~(-2),P_2O_5 179～187 kg·hm~(-2),K2O 412～435 kg·hm~(-2)。因此,分别针对二年七和三年七,适当控制施氮量和施钾量,增加施磷量,将三者进行合理配比,对提高单位面积三七总皂苷产量有重要意义。     

氮、钾肥用量对膜下滴灌加工番茄产量和品质的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究不同氮、钾肥用量对加工番茄产量、品质的影响。试验设N 0、210、300、390kg/hm~24个水平,K_2O 0、135、225、315 kg/hm~24个水平,于成熟期测定各项品质指标、产量构成并分析增产效应。结果表明,氮肥、钾肥对加工番茄均有显著增产作用,但钾肥的增产作用强度不如氮肥显著。氮、钾肥增产率范围分别为32.8%~51.4%,13.3%~23.0%。N、K肥均通过增加加工番茄单果重增加产量。施氮量390kg/hm2处理番茄红素、可溶性固形物较300 kg/hm~2处理显著降低10.85%和14.77%,较210 kg/hm~2低氮处理糖酸比显著下降36.04%。随施钾量的增加,番茄红素持续增加,315 kg/hm~2处理最大,为14.97 mg/100 g。增施钾肥可溶性固形物含量可以提高8.81%~13.73%,糖酸比提高3.98%~30.68%。增施钾有利于降低脐腐病发生率,提高氮肥用量可使脐腐病发生率显著增加。分别对施氮肥量、施钾肥量和产量的关系用一元二次方程拟合,得到最高产量氮肥施用量为265.5 kg/hm~2,最高产量钾肥施用量为268.5 kg/hm2。确定合理的氮肥和钾肥的施肥量范围分别为254.1~265.5和225~230.2 kg/hm~2。     

木薯氮磷钾营养特性及其施肥效应研究

以传统木薯品种‘华南205’及新育品种‘华南5号’为材料,通过田间试验,研究了不同时期植株养分含量状况,探讨了施肥措施对不同品种养分含量的影响。结果表明,木薯产量与块根生长阶段(块根形成期、块根生长早期、块根快速膨大期)的氮含量和苗期、块根快速生长期和快速膨大期的钾含量显著正相关(P0.01)。淀粉含量与块根形成期的氮含量显著正相关,与苗期及成熟期的磷含量以及成熟期的钾含量显著负相关(P0.01)。施用氮肥显著提高了木薯的氮含量,施用磷肥和钾肥对氮含量没有显著影响。施用磷肥可使木薯的磷含量小幅提高,而仅苗期达到显著水平,氮肥、钾肥对木薯的磷含量也有一定影响。钾肥显著提高了木薯钾含量,氮肥、磷肥对钾含量没有显著影响。‘华南205’和‘华南5号’的氮含量和磷含量对氮肥、磷肥的响应相对一致,但‘华南205’的钾含量对钾肥的响应明显强于‘华南5号’。‘华南205’和‘华南5号’的氮含量和磷含量水平相对一致,但‘华南205’在块根形成期的氮含量显著高于‘华南5号’,而苗期的磷含量显著低于‘华南5号’,‘华南5号’从苗期至块根膨大期的钾含量均高于‘华南205’,其中块根形成和快速生长期的差异达到显著水平。因此,木薯推荐施肥过程中,在均衡氮磷钾养分的基础上,还需结合考虑品种特性。     

氮钾配施对芋头产量和品质的影响

采用二次饱和D-最优设计,研究了氮钾肥配施对芋头产量和品质的影响,并建立了以氮、钾肥施用量为变量因子,芋头产量和品质为目标函数的二元二次数学模型。模型解析表明,氮、钾肥对芋头产量和品质均有显著影响,且钾肥的影响大于氮肥;氮、钾肥之间存在显著的交互效应。在氮(N)、钾(K2O)施用量分别为261.75kg/hm2、757.50kg/hm2以内,产量随施肥量的增加逐渐提高,超过此施用量,则产量下降。在本试验条件下,施肥量为N34.5～531.0kg/hm2,K2O.526.8～1057.2kg/hm2,芋头产量可达30000kg/hm2以上。     

氮钾化肥配合追施对日光温室番茄越冬长季节栽培产量与品质的影响

采用有机基质进行番茄越冬长季节栽培试验,研究尿素和硫酸钾不同追施比例对番茄产量与品质的影响。结果表明,氮钾肥合理配施可维持番茄植株营养生长与生殖生长的平衡,促进植株生长;氮钾肥适宜配比可增加番茄座果数与单果重,提高番茄产量;并增加番茄果实中Vc、还原糖与有机酸的含量,改善果实品质。整体而言,番茄越冬长季节栽培过程中,氮钾(N∶K2O)的追施比例以1∶1.2～1.3为宜;但不同生长时期番茄对氮钾养分的需求比例不同。因此,番茄越冬长季节栽培的生长期肥料供给应采用分段式管理,前期营养生长与生殖生长均旺盛,氮钾(N∶K2O)适宜追施比例为1∶1左右;中期大量钾素随果实采收而移走,应增加钾肥施用量,氮钾(N∶K2O)追施比例宜为1∶1.2～1∶1.4;后期番茄植株营养生长下降,应重视氮钾肥平衡施用,氮钾(N∶K2O)追施比例应为1∶1.2左右。     

Long-term application of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on N2O emissions, soil quality and crop production in a sandy loam soil

A long-term field experiment was established to determine the influence of mineral fertilizer (NPK) or organic manure (composed of wheat straw, oil cake and cottonseed cake) on soil fertility. A tract of calcareous fluvo-aquic soil (aquic inceptisol) in the Fengqiu State Key Experimental Station for Ecological Agriculture (Fengqiu county, Henan province, China) was fertilized beginning in September 1989 and N₂O emissions were examined during the maize and wheat growth seasons of 2002-2003. The study involved seven treatments: organic manure (OM), half-organic manure plus half-fertilizer N (1/2 OMN), fertilizer NPK (NPK), fertilizer NP (NP), fertilizer NK (NK), fertilizer PK (PK) and control (CK). Manured soils had higher organic C and N contents, but lower pH and bulk densities than soils receiving the various mineralized fertilizers especially those lacking P, indicating that long-term application of manures could efficiently prevent the leaching of applied N from and increase N content in the plowed layer. The application of manures and fertilizers at a rate of 300 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ significantly increased N₂O emissions from 150 g N₂O-N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in the CK treatment soil to 856 g N₂O-N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in the OM treatment soil; however, there was no significant difference between the effect of fertilizer and manure on N₂O emission. More N₂O was released during the 102-day maize growth season than during the 236-day wheat growth season in the N-fertilized soils but not in N-unfertilized soils. N₂O emission was significantly affected by soil moisture during the maize growth season and by soil temperature during the wheat growth season. In sum, this study showed that manure added to a soil tested did not result in greater N₂O emission than treatment with a N-containing fertilizer, but did confer greater benefits for soil fertility and the environment.     

Nitrous oxide emission,global warming potential,and denitrifier abundances as affected by long-term fertilization on Mollisols of Northeastern China

ABSTRACT

A long-term field experiment was performed to assess the effects of fertilization regimes on greenhouse gas emissions, soil properties, soil denitrifies, and maize (Zea mays) grain yield on Mollisols of Northeastern China. Chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers plus pig manure (MNPK) treatment significantly increased soil N₂O emissions by 29.9–226.4% and global warming potential (GWP) by 29.8–230.7% compared to unfertilized control (CK), chemical N fertilizer only (N), chemical N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK) and chemical N, P, and K fertilizers plus corn straw (SNPK) treatments. However, the MNPK treatment yielded similar greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) as compared with other treatments, mainly due to higher maize grain yield. There were also higher gene copy numbers of nirK, nirS, and nosZ in topsoil (0–20 cm depth) under MNPK treatment. Automatic linear modeling analysis indicated that main factors influencing soil N₂O emissions were soil organic carbon (SOC), NO₃^? content, and nirK gene abundance. Although the application of chemical fertilizers plus organic manure increases N₂O emissions due to higher N and C availability and nirK gene activity in the soil, this is still a promising fertilizer management due to its notable enhancement of maize grain yield and SOC content.     

Effect of mineral nitrogen fertilizer forms on N2O emissions from arable soils in winter wheat production

Nitrogen fertilizers are supposed to be a major source of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from arable soils. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of N forms on N₂O emissions from arable fields cropped with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In three field trials in North‐West Germany (two trials in 2011/2012, one trial in 2012/2013), direct N₂O emissions during a one‐year measurement period, starting after application of either urea, ammonium sulfate (AS) or calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), were compared at an application rate of 220 kg N ha^?1. During the growth season (March to August) of winter wheat, N₂O emission rates were significantly higher in all three field experiments and in all treatments receiving N fertilizer than from the non‐fertilized treatments (control). At two of the three sites, cumulative N₂O emissions from N fertilizer decreased in the order of urea > AS > CAN, with emissions ranging from 522–617 g N ha^?1 (0.24–0.28% of applied fertilizer) for urea, 368–554 g N ha^?1 (0.17–0.25%) for AS, and 242–264 g N ha^?1 (0.11–0.12%) for CAN during March to August. These results suggest that mineral nitrogen forms can differ in N₂O emissions during the growth period of winter wheat. Strong variations in the seasonal dynamics of N₂O emissions between sites were observed which could partly be related to weather events (e.g., precipitation). Between harvest and the following spring (post‐harvest period) no significant differences in N₂O emissions between fertilized and non‐fertilized treatments were detected on two of three fields. Only on one site post‐harvest emissions from the AS treatment were significantly higher than all other fertilizer forms as well as compared to the control treatment. The cumulative one‐year emissions varied depending on fertilizer form across the three field sites from 0.05% to 0.51% with one exception at one field site (AS: 0.94%). The calculated overall fertilizer induced emission averaged for the three fields was 0.38% which was only about 1/3 of the IPCC default value of 1.0%.     

黑土-春小麦中三种化学氮肥的去向

用＾１５Ｎ田间微区试验研究了黑土－春小麦中作基肥施用的尿素、碳 和硝酸钾三种氮肥的氮素去向。试验设在黑龙江省海伦市郊区,氮肥用量为纯Ｎ７５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,施肥深度为１０ｃｍ。结果表明,硝酸钾和尿素的氮素利用率相当,分别为５８．４％和５５．９％,显著高于碳铵（４２．６％）。硝酸钾的土壤中的残留率（２８．７％）显著低于碳铵（３８．８％）和尿素（３８．２％）,氮素总损失在５．８％￣１８．６％之间,碳铵的     

Nutrient Release Characteristics of Coated Fertilizers by Superfine Phosphate Rock Powder and its Effects on Physiological Traits of Chinese Cabbage

Four kinds of slow release fertilizers were prepared out by coating common compound fertilizer [nitrogen (N)-phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅)-potassum oxide (K₂O):15-15-15] with four kinds of superfine phosphate rock powder (SPRP) which accounting for 60% of the total coated materials in mass. Electronic microscope scanning, static water releasing test, soil incubation experiment, and a field experiment were conducted on their nutrient release mechanisms and their effects on physiologic traits of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that all these four kinds of SPRP could markedly improve microstructure and thus release rate. However, their capacity was inferior to controlled release fertilizer (CRF). The four homemade fertilizers increased chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate in the leaves of Chinese cabbage during its late growth stage, and improve the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activities during its ball period. In addition, the four homemade fertilizers improved yield by 20.62%～33.41% and 18.94%～24.44%, respectively, over the common compound fertilizer during 2009 and 2010, and improved sugar-acid and soluble sugar and V_C contents of the head of Chinese cabbage at the harvest stage. There are not obvious differences of physiological traits between the J2 coated CCF fertilizer (JCRF2), Y2 coated CCF fertilizer (YCRF2), and Resin coated CCF fertilizer (CRF). Nutrient release characters and agricultural effect of four homemade fertilizers follow the order: JCRF2≈YCRF2>JCRF1≈YCRF1.     

施氮量对冬小麦氮素吸收、转运及产量的影响

2004至2005年在田间条件下,研究了施氮量0、105、2103、15.kg/hm2对冬小麦氮素吸收、累积、转运、产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可显著提高冬小麦的子粒、秸秆产量及成熟期地上部总吸氮量,但过量施用氮肥对子粒和秸秆增产不显著;各施氮处理的氮肥利用率在34.2%～38.3%之间,随施氮量增加而略有降低。植株中氮素含量随生育期的延长而降低,氮素累积量总体呈增加趋势。施氮量对冬小麦氮素吸收有显著影响,同一生育时期,氮素含量和累积量都随着施氮量增加而提高。施氮可显著地促进氮素在子粒中累积,其中69%～87%的氮素是靠营养体的转运而来的。施氮量影响氮素的转运效率,随施氮量增加,转运效率降低。本试验条件下,冬小麦的合理施氮量应控制在105～210.kg/hm2之间。