不同蛋白质水平对仔猪营养性腹泻及对其生产性能的影响

选取55头三元杂交系【杜×(大×长)】的初生仔猪6窝。根据母猪胎次、泌乳力、产仔数以及仔猪出生日龄、平均出生重相近似的原则随机分成两组,进行两种日粮蛋白水平的饲养试验(22.0%,18.0%),分析了不同蛋白质水平对仔猪营养性腹泻及对其生产性能的影响。结果表明:在相同的饲养环境下,1.低蛋白组断奶后平均日增重高于高蛋白组,差异显著(P<0.05)。2.断奶后高蛋白组的料重比高于低蛋白组(2.38∶1及1.53∶1)。3.高蛋白组的腹泻率高于低蛋白组。     

甜菜对早期断奶仔猪的效果试验

将长白猪 (简称长 )×荣昌猪 (简称荣 )杂一代 8窝 30日龄断奶仔猪共计 60头 ,按窝分成 2组 ,实验组和对照组 ,每组各 30头。试验组仔猪料中添加 2 5 %的甜菜根饲喂。对照组饲喂仔猪料 ,试验期为 2 0d,分别记录 30 ,50日龄仔猪空腹重 ,计算日增重。结果表明对早期断奶仔猪补饲甜菜根其腹泻率明显下降 ,试验组日增重较对照组日增重提高 34 .6 % (P <0 .0 1 )。     

人工哺育设备哺育仔猪对其生长性能的影响

为研究人工哺育设备哺育仔猪对其生长性能的影响,选取5日龄杜×(长×大)三元杂交哺乳仔猪78头,分为3组,每组3窝,I组和Ⅱ组每窝8头,Ⅲ组每窝10头,Ⅰ组为人工哺育正常仔猪组,Ⅱ组为人工哺育弱小仔猪组,Ⅲ组为母猪哺乳组(对照组),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组自5日龄起转入人工哺育设备饲喂代乳品,所有仔猪均在10日龄开始教槽,21日龄断奶,断奶后饲喂至31日龄试验结束。结果表明:5~21日龄阶段,Ⅰ组仔猪平均日增重显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组平均日增重比Ⅲ组小(P0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组腹泻率和死亡率都低于Ⅲ组;22~31日龄阶段,Ⅰ组仔猪的平均日增重高于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组日增重低于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅰ组教槽料采食量显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组仔猪教槽料采食量高于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组料肉比与Ⅲ组差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组腹泻率低于Ⅲ组。综上所述,使用人工哺育设备哺育仔猪可改善仔猪的生长性能。     

哺乳期补饲对仔猪生长发育的影响

研究旨在探讨哺乳期补饲对哺乳仔猪和断奶初期仔猪生长发育的影响。母猪年龄、胎次、产仔数、分娩日期基本一致的20窝大约克初生仔猪200头(每窝10头)以窝为单位分为5组,每组4窝,每窝为一个重复。1组作为对照组,哺乳期不补饲;4个试验组分别于3日龄、7日龄和14日龄开始补饲颗粒或粉料教槽料,观测仔猪哺乳期生长发育和断奶后第一周的生长发育状况。结果显示:仔猪28日龄断奶体重补饲的各试验组极显著高于对照组;3日龄、7日龄开始补饲组仔猪断奶重显著高于14日龄开始补饲组;断奶后一周的采食量、平均日增重补饲组均显著高于对照组;此外,补饲组腹泻率明显低于对照组。因此建议哺乳期仔猪补饲从5~7日龄开始为宜。     

饲料蛋白质水平和组成对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响

选用18头早期断奶杂交仔猪研究了饲粮蛋白质水平和组成对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响。经30 d的饲养试验结果表明两个低蛋白氨基酸平衡饲粮(CP17％)组仔猪平均日增重显著高于高蛋白饲粮(CP 20％)组(P＜0.01)，断奶10 d内的腹泻频率显著降低(P＜0.01)，而且腹泻的发生主要集中在断奶10 d内；在粗蛋白均为17％且氨基酸平衡的条件下，饲粮蛋白质组成不同(植物蛋白分别占总饲粮蛋白90.5％和84.0％)对仔猪腹泻和平均日增重没有显著影响(P＞0.05)。结果证明通过平衡饲粮氨基酸降低蛋白质水平，可以有效地降低仔猪断奶后腹泻和提高生产性能。     

高低蛋白乳清粉对保育仔猪生产性能的对比试验

试验选用35日龄约9 kg保育仔猪为试验动物,随机分为2个处理组,分别含4%高、低蛋白乳清粉;每个处理设3个重复,每组10头仔猪。经过21 d饲养试验,研究高、低蛋白乳清粉对35日龄至56日龄保育仔猪生产性能的饲养效果。结果表明:使用高蛋白乳清粉提高了平均日增重,降低了料肉比和单位增重成本,且改善了毛皮外观。     

断奶日龄对仔猪断奶期腹泻和死亡影响的研究

选择杜洛克×豫农白猪Ⅰ系杂交仔猪８窝共７２头，均分为两组，每组４窝３６头。试Ⅰ组采用２８日龄断奶，试Ⅱ组采用３５日龄断奶。试验期从断奶前１周至６０日龄，分析比较不同断奶日龄对仔猪断奶期腹泻和死亡的影响。结果：①试Ⅰ组和试Ⅱ组仔猪，断奶后至６０日龄间发生腹泻１５９头次和８５头次，全群日平均腹泻发生率为１４．７６％和９．０８％；②试Ⅰ组和试Ⅱ组仔猪，断奶后至６０日龄间死亡数为４头和０头；③试Ⅰ组和试Ⅱ组仔猪，断奶后至６０日龄发生腹泻的高峰期在断奶后５～２２天和断奶后３～８天，持续期为１８天和６天，日腹泻发生率最高达４２．４２％和３３．３３％；④试Ⅰ组４窝仔猪在断奶至６０日龄期间，有３窝出现多个腹泻高峰，只有１窝为１个高峰；而试Ⅱ组４窝仔猪中，只有１窝出现多个腹泻高峰，其它３窝为１个高峰。     

饲料的不同形态与状态对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验采用2×2因子设计,共分4个处理,即粉料和颗粒料2种类型,每种类型2种状态(液态和固态)。试验选用96头(21±1)d断奶的三元(D×L×Y)杂交仔猪,试验期21 d。其中液态料按12∶.5的料水比进行浸泡。试验期间考察仔猪的耗料量、增重、腹泻情况、粪便pH值及木糖吸收情况等,并测定饲料的pH值和淀粉糊化度。结果表明:①与粉料组相比,颗粒料组仔猪平均日增重提高了9.7%(P<0.05),平均日采食量提高了13.5%(P<0.10)。②颗粒料的淀粉糊化度比粉料高15%-16%。③液态组仔猪全期平均日采食量和日增重均高于固态组(P<0.05),分别提高了10.3%和12.9%。④液态料组仔猪血清木糖含量比固态料组高52%(P<0.05),且腹泻程度显著(P<0.05)降低。     

低蛋白仔猪日粮色氨酸适宜水平的研究

选用(37±3)日龄的杜洛克×大白×长白三元杂交断奶仔猪300头,公母各半平均分为5组。研究低蛋白(16.10%)饲粮中不同水平(0.16%～0.22%)色氨酸对仔猪的采食量、日增重、饲料报酬、血清尿素氮、IGF-I的影响。结果表明在低蛋白饲粮中0.20%色氨酸对仔猪的生长和蛋白的利用最有利。     

仔猪膨化饲料与颗粒饲料对比试验(初报)

在青岛正大示范猪场用三元杂交仔猪进行膨化料和颗粒料饲喂对比试验。从乳猪7日龄开始补料,28(或21)日龄断奶,至45日龄时头均增重膨化料组12.59公斤(日增重331克),比颗料料组11.73公斤(日增重309克)高7.3％,差异极显著(P<0.01);膨化料组料重比0.84:1,比颗粒料组0.95:1低11.58％。两组仔猪成活率均为100％。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。