Effects of inulin on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and metabolisable energy in broiler chickens

1. A 35 d feeding trial with 480 d-old male broiler chickens (Cobb) was conducted to evaluate the effects of graded levels of inulin (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg diet) in a maize-soybean meal based diet on growth performance, AME_N and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein, amino acids, starch, crude fat and fatty acids. A commercial product (Inulina 95®) containing 914?0 g/kg of inulin and a degree of polymerisation (DP) ranging from DP 1–10 to DP 51–60 was used.

2. The performance of birds (feed intake, BW gain and feed to gain ratio) was not affected by the different dietary inclusions of inulin.

3. Dietary inulin significantly improved the AID coefficient of crude protein and crude fat. Also, there was a significant effect of inulin on the digestibility of most amino acids (10 out of 15) and major fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids). The AID coefficient of starch and the AME_N content of diets were not affected by inulin inclusion.

4. In conclusion, the current study showed that inulin supplementation improved the digestibility of protein and fat in a maize-soybean meal based diet, but had no effect on the performance of broiler chickens.     

Effects of sex,age and food intake upon metabolisable energy values in broiler chickens

1. Nitrogen‐corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AME_n) values of 2 diets with different energy: protein ratio were estimated in an experiment with 8 groups of female and 8 of male chickens in 15 sequential 3‐day balance periods from the 12th to the 56th d of age.

2. The effect of sex on AME_n values was not significant.

3. The effect of age was highly significant. AME_n values of the mixture with the narrower energy: protein ratio increased with age. The dependence of AME_n of the diet with the wider energy: protein ratio on age was parabolic, AME_n values increasing only until the 37th day of life.

4. Under conditions of ad libitum feeding, AME_n of the mixture with the wider energy: protein ratio given to female chickens decreased significantly with increasing food intake.     

Effects of chitosan on growth performance and energy and protein utilisation in broiler chickens

1. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan on growth performance, energy availability and protein retention in broilers. 2. Experiment 1 was a 42-d growth assay, in which 294 1-d-old male broilers were given one of 7 dietary treatments. A control feed was supplemented with 5 levels of chitosan (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 g/kg) or 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC). 3. Increasing chitosan inclusion gave a nonlinear increase (P< 0.001) in feed conversion efficiency (FCE). Optimal growth and feed conversion were obtained with 0.5-1.0 g/kg chitosan. 4. In experiment 2, 42 1-d-old male broilers (6/treatment) were individually housed but fed on the same diets as in experiment 1. Excreta were collected from d 19-21 and d 40-42. 5. The addition of 0.5-1.0 g/kg chitosan increased nitrogen retention compared with the control group (P< 0.01), while apparent metabolisable energy in the diets was not altered.     

Effects of dietary threonine and crude protein on growth performance, carcase and meat composition of broiler chickens

1. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary threonine (Thr) and crude protein (CP) in maize-soybean meal based diets on the growth performance, carcase traits and meat composition of broiler chickens and to determine the dietary Thr requirement for optimum performance (weight gain and feed conversion efficiency (FCE)) at 0 to 3 weeks and 3 to 6 weeks of age. 2. Two basal diets that differed in CP (191.3 or 179.7 and 176.7 or 165.4 g/kg at 0 to 3 and 3 to 6 weeks, respectively) were formulated to have identical contents of Thr (6.0 and 5.4 g/kg), energy (12.97 and 13.39 MJ ME/kg) and other essential amino acids except for Gly + Ser. Basal diets were supplemented with L-Thr from 0.6 to 1.8 g/kg in 0.6 g/kg increments. Broiler chicks (540) were randomly allocated to 9 dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 10 (5 female, 5 male) chicks. 3. A significant interaction between dietary CP and Thr was found for feed intake, body weight (BW) gain and FCE. Increasing Thr supplementation improved feed intake, BW gain and FCE, especially in high CP diets in both feeding periods. 4. Incremental increases in dietary Thr increased breast yield at both CP levels and drumstick yield only on high CP diets. The proportion of thigh decreased with Thr concentration. Liver weight was significantly reduced by Thr supplementation; abdominal fat was not affected. 5. Estimated Thr requirements for FCE increased as dietary CP increased according to an exponential model. This model indicated higher Thr requirements than those of broken-line models for growth performance.     

Evaluation of a high-protein DDGS product in broiler chickens: performance,nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy,and standardised ileal amino acid digestibility

ABSTRACT

1. New production processes and additional uses for corn co-products have increased the availability of distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with varying energy and amino acid digestibility, for use in poultry feed. The objective of this study was to determine the performance, N-corrected metabolisable energy (AME_n), and amino acid (AA) digestibility of a 34% CP (as fed) high-protein DDGS (HP-DDGS) included in poultry diets for Cobb 500 broiler chickens.

2. A total of 832 Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments containing 5% conventional DDGS (CV-DDGS) as a control or 10%, 15% and 20% HP-DDGS and fed for 42 d. After the performance trial, 240 birds from the original 832 were selected for a concurrent AME_n and AA digestibility experiment consisting of two AME_n diets and two AA diets.

3. Birds fed diets containing 15% and 20% HP DDGS gained less weight than birds fed the CV-DDGS (P < 0.05) but did not differ in feed intake (FI), and therefore had a less efficient FCR than the control (P < 0.05). The AME_n of HP-DDGS was determined to be 11.4 MJ/kg. The standardised ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of the essential amino acids Lys and Met were determined to be 80.9% and 88.6%, respectively.

4. HP-DDGS can be included in broiler diets up to 10% without any negative impact on performance or requiring supplemental Lys and Arg. The results from the AA digestibility study indicated that HP-DDGS could be a good source of digestible Lys.     

Effects of dietary metabolisable energy, calcium and phosphorus on bone mineralisation, leg weakness and performance of broiler chickens

1. Performance, gait score (GS), tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), and tibia bone mineralisation and breaking strength were determined in 2880 male and female Ross 208 broilers fed on diets with two different concentrations of dietary metabolisable energy (ME) (11.00 or 12.00 MJ/kg) and 4 different concentrations of available phosphorus (aP) adjusted for dietary ME content (4.0, 4.5, 5.0 or 5.5 g/kg aP in starter and 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 or 5.0 g/kg aP in finisher diets containing 12.00 MJ/kg). 2. Tibia ash, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents in broilers given diets with low ME (11.00 MJ/kg) were greater than those of broilers given diets with higher ME (12.00 MJ/kg). Tibia ash, Ca and P contents increased curvilinearly with increasing dietary aP content. The dietary aP level had no effect on GS. 3. Dietary concentration of ME or aP had no effect on tibia breaking strength. 4. Walking ability, as measured by GS, was negatively correlated with the body weight (BW) of tested birds at 23 and 35 d of age, but the dietary ME content or aP level had no significant effect on GS at 35 d of age. 5. The results indicated that bone mineral content had no clear correlation with the walking ability of broilers.     

Effects of wheat variety and specific weight on dietary apparent metabolisable energy concentration and performance of broiler chicks

1. This study used 4 wheat cultivars (Brigadier, Chaucer, Consort, Reaper) from three locations (Crossnacreevy, C; Downpatrick, D; Limavady, L), which had given rise to differences in wheat specific weight (SW), to examine the relationships between apparent metabolisable energy (AME) concentration, broiler performance and wheat SW. 2. The diets contained (g/kg): wheat 744, casein 142, blended vegetable fat 50, dicalcium phosphate 22, potassium bicarbonate 10.8, sodium bicarbonate 7.5, arginine 5, methionine 2, binder 8, trace minerals/vitamins 7.2, titanium dioxide 1.5. The diets were heat-treated (80 degrees C for 2 min) prior to pelleting (3 mm die). 3. SW ranged from 63 to 77 kg/hectolitre (hl), averaging 66, 69 and 76 kg/hl at D, C and L, respectively. In vitro viscosity of the wheat samples ranged from 5.2 to 17.5 cps and thousand grain weight (TGW) from 33.4 to 47.3 g. Mean TGW was similar at C and D (38.7, 37.0 g) but higher at L (43.1 g). In vitro viscosity was similar at C and L (11.2, 10.2 cps) but somewhat higher at D (14.4 cps). Crude protein (6.25 N) ranged from 116 to 147 g/kg and tended to be higher at D. Starch, which ranged from 612 to 656 g/kg, was least at D (617 g/kg) and greatest at L (641 g/kg). 4. Crude protein, crude fibre and total non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) were negatively correlated with SW, the R2 being respectively 0.38 (P<0.05), 0.16 (NS) and 0.45 (P<0.05). TGW and starch concentration were positively correlated with SW (R2=0.70, 0.44, respectively). There was a weak (NS) negative relationship (R2=0.19) between in vitro viscosity and SW. For both TGW and in vitro viscosity, correlations improved when variety was taken into account (R2=0.95, 0.92, respectively). 5. There were no significant effects of variety on dry matter (DM) intake or live weight gain (LWG). Gain: food was significantly higher (P<0.05) for Consort than for the other three varieties and the metabolisable energy ratio (ME:GE) just failed to attain significance (P=0.062). Calculated wheat AME (MJ/kg DM) was significantly (P<0.05) higher for Consort than for the other three wheats. There was a good correlation (R2=0.49) for the total data set between gain:food and ME:GE. In vivo viscosity varied from 13.6 to 28.6 cps for individual treatments and was significantly affected by variety (P<0001). 6. Although there were no significant differences in DM intake or LWG due to site the values for L (SW 76) were 6 and 5% lower, respectively, than for D (SW 66). Gain:food was lower (P<0.05) for C (SW 69) than for D. ME:GE, wheat AME and ME:gain were not significantly different between sites. 7. There was a weak (R2=0.18) positive relationship between ME:GE and SW corresponding to a 2.5% increase in energy value for a 10 kg/hl increase in SW and no relationship between gain:food and SW. When variety was taken into the regression the slope was similar but R2 increased to 0.82. 8. ME:GE and wheat AME concentration were negatively correlated with wheat in vitro viscosity (R2=0.64, 0.55, respectively). 9. It was concluded that in vitro viscosity appears to provide a better basis than SW for prediction of the nutritive value of wheats of unknown variety. If the variety is known then SW could be used to predict energy value. However, the effect of quite a large change in SW (10 kg/hl) was relatively small.     

Effect of enzymes of microbial origin on in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein in soybean meal

The effects of supplementation with cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, hemicellulase, glucanase, phytase and protease of microbial origin on digestibility of crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) of soybean meal in vitro were examined in the present study. Changes in viscosity during in vitro digestion were also examined as an index of carbohydrate digestibility. Hemicellulase and all enzyme combinations without protease showed significant improvement of CP digestibility. Cellulase, xylanase, phytase and glucanase tended to improve CP digestibility. Dry matter digestibility was improved significantly by pectinase and all enzyme combinations. Cellulase and phytase tended to improve DM digestibility. Crude protein and DM digestibilities were the highest when all the enzymes except protease were added. Protease, cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, glucanase and hemicellulase significantly reduced viscosity, while phytase had no effect on viscosity. Viscosity was increased unexpectedly when all the enzymes were added. These results strongly suggest that a combination of carbohydrases improves the CP and DM digestibility of soybean meal while protease inhibits the actions of these enzymes. The present study also suggests that viscosity is not always a good index of digestibility. Moreover, excluding the protease from commercial crude enzyme preparations may improve digestibility.     

Relationship between digesta transit time and apparent metabolisable energy value of wheat in chickens

1.?This study tested the hypotheses that: (a) apparent metabolisable energy (AME) values and whole tract transit time (WTTT) were related, and that (b) the relationship between AME and WTTT differed between male and female Ross broiler chickens.

2.?Enzyme products with xylanase activity were added to a basal diet to provide 4 dietary treatments comprising control (no enzyme), Avizyme 1300 (1 kg/tonne), Kemzyme W1 (1 kg/tonne), and Bio-Feed Wheat CT (200 g/tonne). The basal diet comprised (in g/kg), 800 wheat, 155 casein, 20 dicalcium phosphate, 11 limestone, 7 D,L-methionine, 2 vitamin and mineral premix, 3 sodium chloride and 2 choline chloride (60%).

3.?AME values for diets were determined in a 7-d energy balance study commencing when chickens were 21 d of age. WTTT was the time elapsed (in min), from time of administration by oral gavage of 200 mg ferric oxide in a gelatine capsule, to time of first observation of the distinctive red colouration in droppings.

4.?The mean AME value for the wheat was high (15·7 MJ/kg dry matter) and ranged from 14·4 to 16·3 MJ/kg dry matter for individual birds. Mean WTTT was 206 min and ranged from 105 to 429 min. AME and WTTT were unaffected by enzyme addition to the diet, and the interaction between diet and gender was not significant.

5.?There was a significant but weak positive relationship between AME and whole tract transit time, with AME increasing by 2·2 kJ/min. This relationship was unaffected by gender of the chicken.     

Analysis of variability in nutrient digestibilities in broiler chickens

1. Forty commercial broiler chickens from two different breeding origins were used for individual measurements of growth performance from d 7 to d 21. From d 21 to d 24 a balance experiment was carried out for the measurement of metabolisable energy (ME), digestibilities of lipids, starch and amino acids, viscosity of excreta water-extract, and amount of water loss. After this, the weight and length of the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract were measured for each bird. During the experiment, the birds were fed with an experimental diet containing 5 g/kg of guar gum in order to increase the variability of responses. 2. There were no significant (P < 0.05) differences between the two breeds in 21 d live weight, food:gain ratio, ME value or the digestibilities of lipids, starch and total amino acids. Significant (P < 0.05) differences between the two breeds were observed for caecal size, excreta guar gum degradation measured using viscosity measurements, and vent score. 3. Pooling all the individual data, individual ME values were correlated (r2 = 0.33) with individual food:gain ratios, which shows that a great part of ME variation was associated with individual variation. 4. Several significant (P < 0.05) correlations were observed between individual digestibilities and individual anatomical characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract. The most significant were concerned with the duodenum weight:length ratio correlated with ME (r = 0.474) and the caeca weight:body weight ratio correlated with guar gum degradation (r = 0.495). Covariance analyses were carried out when correlations were significant and did not show significant interactions with the breeding origin of chickens.     

复合酶对新型饲料原料DDGS粗蛋白、能量和干物质利用率的影响

<正>玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(corn distillers dried grains with solubles,DDGS)是玉米加工工业的副产品,是生产工业酒精后,将酒糟醒液经固液分离后的滤渣与蒸发浓缩后的过滤浆液混合干燥而成的。近几年,我国的工业用燃料乙醇生产量大幅度增加,     

Effects of dietary supplementation of choline and carnitine on growth performance,meat oxidative stability and carcass composition of broiler chickens fed diets with different metabolisable energy levels

1. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of two lipotropic factors (choline and carnitine) on growth performance, oxidative stability of leg and breast muscles and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens fed diets differing in metabolisable energy (ME) levels.

2. A total of 540 one-d-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were allotted to 9 experimental diets, including three ME levels (control, or 0.42 or 0.84 MJ/kg higher ME) and three types of supplemental lipotropic factors (control, 1000 mg/kg of choline or 100 mg/kg of carnitine) as a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded during the starter (1–14 d of age), grower (15–28 d of age) and finisher (29–42 d of age) periods.

3. Results showed that the increase in dietary ME level had no impact on ADFI during the starter and grower periods. In the finisher period, increasing dietary ME decreased (P < 0.001) ADFI. Raising dietary ME level by 0.84 MJ/kg resulted in the greater ADG during the grower (P < 0.05) and finisher (P < 0.001) periods. Moreover, an improvement in FCR was observed with feeding the +0.84 MJ/kg diet. Dietary supplementation of lipotropic factors improved FCR values in birds fed the control and +0.84 MJ/kg diets during the grower and finisher periods (P < 0.01).

4. Dietary supplementation of both choline and carnitine increased (P < 0.05) moisture content of leg muscle, although malondialdehyde content of leg muscle was decreased (P < 0.01) in the presence of both lipotropic factors. Dietary supplementation of carnitine decreased (P < 0.01) leg fat content, and this effect was more obvious with higher ME levels, giving a significant ME × lipotrope interaction (P < 0.05). Higher dietary ME level (+0.84 MJ/kg) reduced (P < 0.05) protein content of breast muscle, but this factor was increased (P < 0.05) by dietary supplementation of choline.

5. Although dietary ME level had no marked effect on carcass yield and internal organ weight, supplemental choline increased (P < 0.01) carcass yield.

6. The results from this trial indicated that dietary supplementation with lipotropic factors can improve feed efficiency in high energy diets. In addition, oxidative stability of leg/breast muscles was improved as a result of dietary supplementation with choline or carnitine.     

水温对鲤鱼粗蛋白质、能量表观消化率的影响

本文探讨了水温对鲤鱼(Cyprinuscarpio)粗蛋白质、能量表观消化率测定的影响。试验设计18、23、28℃3组温度,测定每组温度下蚕蛹、花生饼及羽毛粉的能量及粗蛋白质表观消化率。结果表明,水温显著影响3组原料的表观消化率(P<0.05),其能量及粗蛋白质表观消化率均随水温上升呈显著增加(P<0.05),但23℃与28℃水温下差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

The effect of supplementary bacterial phytase on dietary metabolisable energy, nutrient retention and endogenous losses in precision fed broiler chickens

Thirty-two Ross 308 male broiler chickens were used in a precision feeding assay to investigate the effect of exogenous phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) on dietary apparent metabolisable energy (AME), dry matter digestibility (DMD) coefficient, nitrogen (NR), amino acid and mineral retentions. The excretion of endogenous losses measured as sialic acid (SA) was also determined. Four dietary treatments (control (C), C + 250 FTU (phytase units per kg feed), C + 500 FTU, and C + 2500 FTU) were studied with each treatment replicated eight times in randomised complete block design. Diets were formulated to be nutritionally adequate with the exception of available P content (2.3 g/kg non-phytate P). Over the 48-h collection period, the phytase fed birds retained 29.3 mg more Na and 2.3 mg more Zn (p < 0.05) than the control fed birds, with the relationship between phytase dose and Na and Zn retention being best described by a linear function (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, for Na and Zn, respectively). Phytase supplementation did not have an effect on dietary AME, DMD and NR. However, increasing the dose of phytase led to a linear increase in dietary amino acid retention (p < 0.05). Dietary phytase decreased total sialic acid excretion in a linear fashion (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that supplementary phytase increases the retention (reduces the excretion) of dietary Zn and Na in broiler chickens. The beneficial effects of the addition of exogenous phytases to poultry diets seems to be mediated through improved dietary nutrients absorption and reduced endogenous losses.     

Effect of dietary energy restriction on retention of protein,fat and energy in broiler chickens

1. Broiler chickens were fed 60–100% of recommended energy intakes to study the effects of energy restriction on protein and fat retention.

2. At an energy retention of 179 kJ/kg W ^0·75 d, only protein was retained. At higher energy intakes, each increment in retention had a rather constant composition: about 85% energy in fat and 15% in protein. At lower energy intakes body fat was mobilised whereas protein was deposited.

3. The efficiencies of energy retention in protein and fat were estimated to be 0·66 and 0·86 respectively.

4. The rather constant composition of additional retained energy after additional energy supply provides an explanation for a linear relationship between energy intake and energy retention.     

Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorous levels. II. Effects on apparent metabolisable energy, nutrient digestibility and nutrient retention

1. Male broilers (n=900) were fed on wheat-sorghum-soyabean meal based diets containing 3 concentrations of phytic acid (10.4, 13.2 and 15.7 g/kg; equivalent to 2.9, 3.7 and 4.4 g/kg phytate P), 2 concentrations of non-phytate (or available) phosphorus (2.3 and 4.5 g/kg) and 3 concentrations of microbial phytase (0, 400 and 800 FTU/kg) from day 7 to 25 post-hatch. The dietary concentrations of phytic acid were manipulated by the inclusion of rice pollards. All diets contained celite (20 g/kg) as a source of acid-insoluble ash. 2. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) concentrations of the diets were determined using a classical total collection procedure during the 3rd week of the trial. On d 25, digesta from the terminal ileum were collected and analysed for phosphorus, nitrogen and amino acids. Nutrient digestibilities were calculated using acid-insoluble ash as the indigestible marker. 2. Ileal digestibilities of nitrogen and essential amino acids were negatively influenced by increasing dietary levels of phytic acid but these negative effects were overcome by the addition of phytase. 3. Supplemental phytase increased AME, ileal digestibilities of phosphorus, nitrogen and amino acids and the retention of dry matter, phosphorus and nitrogen in broilers. There were no differences in the phytase responses between additions of 400 and 800 FTU/kg. 4. The responses in all variables, except AME, were greater in low non-phytate phosphorus diets. 5. In the case of AME, the response to added phytase was greater in adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets. Supplemental phytase increased AME values from 13.36 to 13.54 MJ/kg dry matter in low non-phytate phosphorus diets and from 12.66 to 13.38 MJ/kg dry matter in adequate non-phytate phosphorus diets.     

Influence of age, chemical composition and rate of inclusion on the apparent metabolisable energy of fats fed to broiler chicks

1. Vegetable oil (VO) and tallow (T) were evaluated at rates of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125g/kg in a basal diet with broiler chicks aged 1.5, 3.5, 5.5 and 7.5 weeks of age using a total collection period of 72 h. 2. Apparent metabolisable energy, corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEN, MJ/kg) and apparent fat availability (AFA, g/kg) of the experimental diets were employed to estimate the dietary energy values of fats, by linear and quadratic regression. 3. AME of fats, determined from AFA, had smaller standard errors than those determined from AMEN. 4. There was a marked increase in the AME of fats from 1.5 to 3.5 weeks of age; thereafter, the improvement was less pronounced. 5. Rate of improvement in fat AME with age was greater with T than VO.     

The effects of age,dietary fat and bile salts,and feeding rate on apparent and true metabolisable energy values in chickens

1. Apparent (AME) and true (TME) metabolisable energy values of four diets, containing 50 or 150 g animal fat or maize oil/kg, were estimated in young and adult chickens. The diets were given with and without a supplement of 5 g bile salts/kg. Three feeding rates, ad libitum, and l/6th or 1/3rd of ad libitum were compared.

2. In younger birds, endogenous energy losses were higher when measured in starved birds than when estimated by regression analysis.

3. In young birds, feeding rate had no effect on AME of diets containing 50 g lipids/kg but it significantly affected TME. These results were reversed in adults. AME and TME values of diets containing 150 g lipids/kg were affected by the feeding rate in both young and adult birds.

4. Bile salts increased metabolisable energy values of diets containing high concentrations of saturated fatty acids and their effect was more pronounced in young birds.     

Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on growth performance,abdominal fat deposition,serum lipids and weight of organs of broiler chickens

1. The effects of a mixture of 12 Lactobacillus strains (LC) on the growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids and weight of organs of broiler chickens were studied from 1 to 42 d of age. 2. One hundred and thirty-six 1-d-old male broiler chicks were assigned at random to two dietary treatments: a basal diet (control), and a basal diet with 0.1% LC. 3. The supplementation of LC in broiler diets improved the body weight gain and feed conversion rate from 1 to 42 d of age and was effective in reducing abdominal fat deposition but only after 28 d of age. 4. The LC diets reduced serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides in broilers from 21 to 42 d of age. However, there was no significant difference in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol between control and LC-fed broilers. There was also no significant difference in the weights of organs of control and LC-fed broilers. 5. The results indicated that the mixture of 12 Lactobacillus strains have a hypolipidaemic effect on broilers.