阿维菌素对绵羊远期驱虫效果监测

用阿维菌素对贵南县３０４只绵羊寄生虫病的远期驱虫效果进行了监测，用药９０天后，驱虫组绵羊虫卵感染率为８４．２３％，每克粪中虫卵数（ＥＰＧ）平均为２１．４个，虫卵减少率平均为９６．６７％；未驱虫组绵羊虫卵感染率为１００％，每克粪中虫卵数（ＥＰＧ）高达６１４．３个，实验结果表明，在我省大部分地区推广应用阿维菌素，可有效驱除绵羊内外寄生虫，并减少羊只春乏死亡。     

不同药物控制农村规模养猪户生猪寄生虫感染试验

通过驱虫试验证明，左旋咪唑使育肥猪蛔虫的虫卵减少率达97．74％，但对毛首线虫的效果并不确定。阿苯哒唑对猪蛔虫、毛首线虫的虫卵减少率分别为97．13％和93．75％。伊维菌素对猪蛔虫和食道口线虫的虫卵减少率分别为98．78％和96.81％。采用阿苯哒唑和伊维菌素联合用药，对育肥猪蛔虫、食道口线虫、毛首线虫的虫卵减少率增加到100％、100％和95．28％。     

四种药物对绵羊胃肠道线虫驱除作用的对比试验

应用敌百虫，四咪唑，丙硫咪唑，虫克星４种药物分别对４０只绵羊进行了驱虫对比试验，设置空白对照组，结果表明：虫克星驱虫前，后每克粪便虫卵数（ｅｐｇ）相比差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）；敌百虫组，四咪唑组驱虫后ｅｐｇ与虫克星组驱虫后ｅｐｇ相比差异也极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１），虫克星组驱虫卵转阴率为９０％，虫卵减少率为９７．２％，表明虫克星是一种值得推广的高效抗寄生虫药。而敌百虫，四咪唑，丙硫咪唑的驱虫效果下降     

三种驱虫药对藏羊驱虫的效果比较

对疑患内寄生虫病的30只藏系绵羊，随机分成A、B、C3个试验组，每组各10只，分别用达虫灵、虫克星、丙硫咪唑进行驱虫，然后进行效果评定。试验结果表明：A组（达虫灵）效果最好，虫卵减少64.3%，B组（虫克星）虫卵减少53.2%，C组（丙硫咪唑）驱虫效果最差，虫卵减少48％。     

伊维菌素对不同品种赛马体内寄生虫的驱虫效果观察

通过对内蒙古马术队123匹马体内寄生虫检查，发现共有6种寄生虫。分别是马副蛔虫、马尖尾线虫、圆线虫、毛线虫、马网尾线虫、马胃蝇寄生于体内，它们的感染率分别为51．22％、27．64％、86．18％、87．80％、70．70％、65．85％。敌百虫按0．05g／kg的剂量给马匹投药驱虫和伊维菌素按0．2mg／kg的剂量给马匹混饲给药驱虫2次，其用敌百虫驱虫后的虫卵减少率仅达到了46％，而用伊维菌素驱虫后的虫卵减少率可达到99％以上，即伊维菌素驱虫效果明显要优于敌百虫驱虫效果。     

东北虎寄生虫病综合防制的研究（I）狮弓蛔虫驱虫的研究

对33只人工饲养条件下的东北虎肠道寄生虫的调查表明，狮弓蛔虫为主要寄生虫，阳性率达63．64％，盐酸左旋咪唑以3mg/kg体重剂量，肠虫清以6－8mg/kg体重剂量的驱虫效果较好， 转阴率和虫卵减少率均达100％，对试验虎无任何不良反应，驱虫半年后重复感染率高达64．28％，试验证明粪便处理不当，虎舍周围土壤中含有大量感染性虫卵是重复感染的主要原因，提出结合驱虫做好粪便无害处理防止再感染的综合防制措施。     

丙硫苯咪唑透皮剂对小鼠蛲虫的驱除效果

用丙硫苯咪唑透皮剂以不同剂量擦拭自然感染晓虫等肠道寄生虫的小鼠的耳部和尾部。结果２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组的驱虫效果与口服同样剂量的驱虫效果基本相同。用药３天驱虫率达到１００％，虫卵减少率达９０％以上。     

苦楝皮乙醇提取物驱除猪蛔虫效果研究及对猪主要免疫指标的影响

进一步考察苦楝皮的驱虫效果和毒副作用。用云南苦楝皮乙醇提取物,对人工感染猪蛔虫的猪只进行不同药物浓度组与空白组的药效对比试验,并在用药前后对猪只进行免疫指标的检测。结果表明,苦楝皮乙醇提取物的高、中浓度对治疗猪蛔虫病的效果较好,驱虫率分别达到87．2％和79．5％,虫卵减少率分别为87．3％和80．2％,与对照组相比差异极显著;对各项指标的检测表明,苦楝皮提取物能提高猪的非特异性免疫机能,在治疗剂量内使用安全。     

芬苯达唑驱除野生动物寄生蠕虫试验

芬苯达唑（Fenbendazole）是一种广谱驱蠕虫药[1]。叶明忠等对绵、山羊做过驱除寄生线虫比较试验[2]，沈杰等亦做过驱除鸭、鸡寄生蠕虫试验［’］，驱虫结果，虫卵减少率和转阴率分别为98．19％～100％。为了考核该药对华南虎、云豹、金丝猴、北极熊、马鹿等珍稀野生动物的驱虫效果，作者分别对上述13种21只动物作了驱虫试验，亦显示其效果。材料和方法试验用动物上海动物园展览区和繁殖场分完饲养经连续二次粪检虫卵阳性的一二类动物。试验用药物芬苯达哇片剂，为供出口原材料，经中国农科院上海家畜寄研所改制成的片剂，每片100mg，加工…     

3种驱虫药对陕北白绒山羊消化道线虫的驱虫效果比较

为了更好地了解常用驱虫药的驱虫效果,选择陕北白绒山羊开展驱虫研究。试验选取3种市场常用驱虫药(伊维菌素注射液、芬苯达唑粉、伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂),应用饱和食盐水漂浮法和虫卵计数法对陕北白绒山羊的消化道线虫驱虫前后的感染情况进行检测。结果表明,伊维菌素注射液组驱虫后虫卵转阴率为6.25%,感染强度由766.7降低至233.3;芬苯达唑组驱虫后虫卵转阴率为31.25%,感染强度由766.7降低至100;伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂组驱虫后虫卵转阴率为50%,感染强度由766.7降低至167.0。建议在陕北白绒山羊生产中将伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂作为消化道线虫的首选驱虫药。     

Naphthalophos combinations with benzimidazoles or levamisole as effective anthelmintics for sheep

Objective: To investigate the relative efficacy and safety of the anthelmintic naphthalophos in sheep, either given alone or in combination with benzimidazole (fenbendazole and albendazole) or levamisole anthelmintics.
Design: A parasitological study using faecal egg count reduction tests, a validating slaughter trial and field safety trials.
Procedure: Faecal egg count reduction tests were carried out on 13 farms. Naphthalophos and combinations of naphthalophos with levamisole and fenbendazole were included in the drench tests. On one property a controlled efficacy study was carried out to validate faecal egg count reduction test findings. In this trial, sheep were slaughtered 10 days after treatment and the remaining parasites recovered from the gastro-intestinal tract. Safety trials were carried out on eight farms where approximately 50 000 sheep were treated with naphthalophos and albendazole that were tank mixed in the backpack.
Results: The efficacy of naphthalophos alone in faecal egg count reduction tests ranged from 59 to 98% with one test showing 95% reduction. The efficacy of naphthalophos and levamisole ranged from 74 to 100%, with 5 farms showing 95% reduction. The efficacy of naphthalophos and fenbendazole ranged between 88 and 100% with 95% reduction achieved on 10 farms. The controlled efficacy study showed a good correlation between the faecal egg count reduction tests and numbers of parasites recovered, except for Nematodirus where the faecal egg count reduction tests overestimated efficacy. The mortality rate in the safety trials was 0.05%, with most fatalities occurring on one farm.
Conclusion: The combination of naphthalophos and fenbendazole was more effective than a combination of naphthalophos and levamisole, and will provide a sufficiently safe drench rotation option.     

The detection of anthelmintic resistance by the faecal egg count reduction test: An examination of some of the factors affecting performance and interpretation

This study examines and compares the possible effects of several procedural variants with those of a currently recommended faecal egg count reduction test for the detection of anthelmintic resistance. The results suggest that the failure of an anthelmintic to reduce the arithmetic mean egg counts of 10–15 animals by at least 90%, from either their pre-treatment levels or from those of an untreated control group 5–10 days later, is likely to be an appropriate procedure. It is recommended that such evaluations of drench performance be regularly conducted on farms. Some suggestions as to how this might be encouraged are made, and the role of larval cultures both in increasing the sensitivity and in enhancing the value of the faecal egg count reduction test are discussed.     

The detection of anthelmintic resistance by the faecal egg count reduction test: an examination of some of the factors affecting performance and interpretation

This study examines and compares the possible effects of several procedural variants with those of a currently recommended faecal egg count reduction test for the detection of anthelmintic resistance. The results suggest that the failure of an anthelmintic to reduce the arithmetic mean egg counts of 10-15 animals by at least 90%, from either their pre-treatment levels or from those of an untreated control group 5-10 days later, is likely to be an appropriate procedure. It is recommended that such evaluations of drench performance be regularly conducted on farms. Some suggestions as to how this might be encouraged are made, and the role of larval cultures both in increasing the sensitivity and in enhancing the value of the faecal egg count reduction test are discussed.     

The efficacy of an albendazole-medicated block in controlling sheep nematodes in Xinjiang Province,north-west China

Medicated feed-blocks containing 2 mg/kg albendazole were fed for 12 days to ewe-lambs naturally infected with nematode worms in north-west China. The cumulative total average intake of albendazole was 15 mg/kg body weight. This treatment was compared with a single oral drench of 15 mg/kg albendazole and with no treatment. Both albendazole treatments were 99% effective in reducing the total strongyle egg counts. The medicated block was 100% effective in reducing the total trichostrongylid worm count, although only 86.4% of the sheep consumed an adequate amount. The single drench was 97% effective. Under the management conditions available to sheep herders in the northern provinces of China, albendazole-medicated feed-blocks used at strategic times could effectively control trichostrongylid nematodes.     

The occurrence of anthelmintic-resistant sheep nematodes in the southern North Island of New Zealand

An analysis of veterinary diagnostic cases submitted to the Batchelar Animal Health Laboratory for faecal egg count reduction testing in sheep between 1986 and 1992 showed that 63% of them originated from properties carrying anthelmintic-resistant worms. Most of these cases involved resistance to a single drench type only, with the benzimidazoles being implicated most frequently. Overall, the figures suggested a frequency of occurrence of resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics of 74%, to levamisole-type anthelmintics of 23% and to benzimidazo-lelevamisole combinations of 30%. No cases of resistance to milbemycin/avermectin-type drenches were recorded.     

Simultaneous resistance to two or more broad-spectrum anthelmintics by gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep and goats

The detection, by means of faecal egg count reduction tests and larval cultures, of two cases of multiple anthelmintic resistance in goats and two in sheep, is reported. The former cases appeared to involve resistance to all three broad-spectrum drench groups (benzimidazole, levamisole, ivermectin) by mainly Ostertagia spp., the latter resistance to two of them (benzimidazole, levamisole) by Trichostrongylus spp.     

Simultaneous resistance to two or more broad-spectrum anthelmintics by gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep and goats

The detection, by means of faecal egg count reduction tests and larval cultures, of two cases of multiple anthelmintic resistance in goats and two in sheep, is reported. The former cases appeared to involve resistance to all three broad-spectrum drench groups (benzimidazole, levamisole, ivermectin) by mainly Ostertugia spp., the latter resistance to two of them (benzimidazole, levamisole) bv Trichostrondus spp. (New Zealand Veterinary Journal 38, 114–117, 1990)     

A survey of nematode control measures used by milking goat farmers and of anthelmintic resistance on their farms

Forty-seven milking goat herds, located throughout New Zealand, were surveyed for anthelmintic usage and for gastrointestinal nematodes resistant to anthelmintics. Most farmers (62%) followed a predetermined drenching programme and usually (68%) had a policy of alternating between drench families. Alternation was generally within the farming year. Kids were on average being drenched 12.5 times during their first year (range 2-34). Does aged greater than one year were all being drenched at the same frequency (average 13.4, range 2-34) irrespective of age. On each of the 47 farms, a group of goats was treated with a benzimidazole (BZ) drench (oxfendazole, OFZ, at 4.5 mg/kg on 36 farms and thiabendazole, TBZ at 66 mg/kg on 11 farms); a second group was treated with a "cell membrane depolarizing" (CMD) drench (levamisole, LEV, at 8 mg/kg on 35 farms and morantel citrate, MOR, at 10 mg/kg on 12 farms); a third group remained untreated as controls. Faecal egg counts and larval cultures were done before dosing and one week later. Faecal egg count depressions of <80% were taken as being suggestive of anthelmintic resistance. On this basis resistance was found on 79% of farms surveyed. Resistance to BZs alone occurred on 36% of farms, resistance to CMDs alone on 4% and resistance to both on 38% of farms. On 23% of farms one or other of the drenches was without any apparent effect and on one farm both of the drenches tested failed to reduce the egg counts. Post-drenching larval cultures showed Trichostrongylus, Haemonchus and Ostertagia to be the most prevalent genera remaining after drenching with BZ on 14,11, and 8 farms, respectively. After drenching with LEV Ostertagia was the dominant species on 10 farms, Trichostrongylus on 2 and on one farm the two genera were equally common. Following treatment with MOR Trichostrongylus was the dominant species on 3 farms, Haemonchus on 2 and on one farm Trichostrongylus and Ostertagia were equally common. There was a positive association between drenching frequency and the presence of resistance on farms. Possible interpretations of this association are discussed.     

The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in ovine case submissions to animal health laboratories in New Zealand in 1993

An analysis was undertaken of 177 veterinary diagnostic case submissions to two North Island and two South Island animal health laboratories for faecal egg count reduction testing in sheep during 1993 to provide some comparative data on the frequency of occurrence of anthelmintic resistance. The results suggest that resistance to anthelmintics in sheep nematodes may be more common in the South Island than the North. In both instances this mainly involved resistance to a single drench type, the benzimidazoles. The data indicated a frequency of occurrence of resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics of 61 and 72%, to levamisole-type anthelmintics of 29 and 29% and to benzimidazole-levamisole combinations of 11 and 22% for submissions to North and South Island laboratories, respectively. In submissions from the South Island, resistance to benzimidazoles involved infections of Nematodirus spp. alone much more frequently than those from the North.     

The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in ovine case submissions to animal health laboratories in New Zealand in 1993

An analysis was undertaken of 177 veterinary diagnostic case submissions to two North Island and two South Island animal health laboratories for faecal egg count reduction testing in sheep during 1993 to provide some comparative data on the frequency of occurrence of anthelmintic resistance. The results suggest that resistance to anthelmintics in sheep nematodes may be more common in the South Island than the North. In both instances this mainly involved resistance to a single drench type, the benzimidazoles. The data indicated a frequency of occurrence of resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics of 61 and 72%, to levamisole-type anthelmintics of 29 and 29% and to benzimidazole-levamisole combinations of 11 and 22% for submissions to North and South Island laboratories, respectively. In submissions from the South Island, resistance to benzimidazoles involved infections of Nematodirus spp. alone much more frequently than those from the North.