四川6个山羊品种(群体)乳的生化组成研究

用MilkScan-1340A/B型全自动综合乳质测仪和SDS-PAGE分别测定了成都麻羊、南江黄羊、金堂黑山羊、建昌黑山羊、北川白山羊、波尔山羊和波尔山羊(♂)与成都麻羊(♀)杂交一代羊乳的常规成分和乳蛋白组分。结果表明,乳中干物质波尔山羊为(160·57±8·61)g/L,显著高于成都麻羊和南江黄羊(P<0·05),其余品种(群体)间差异不显著;波尔山羊乳脂和乳蛋白含量分别为(60·62±2·81)g/L和(46·73±3·15)g/L,显著高于成都麻羊、南江黄羊和金堂黑山羊(P<0·05),其余品种(群体)间差异不显著。乳蛋白组分中,α-乳清蛋白、β-乳蛋白、免疫球蛋白的相对含量在山羊品种(群体)间差异均不显著;酪蛋白相对百分含量波尔山羊为(67·57±1·45)%,显著低于成都麻羊和南江黄羊(P<0·05)。     

不同胎次草地藏系绵羊乳营养成分、酶活力及蛋白组分的研究

对不同胎次草地藏系绵羊乳营养成分含量、乳酶活力及乳蛋白组分进行了研究.结果表明草地藏系绵羊乳蛋白平均含量为48.45±13.21 g/L,乳糖平均含量为41.93±5.06 g/L,乳脂肪平均含量为69.43±11.41 g/L.乳蛋白含量第二胎显著高于第一胎(P＜0.05),第四胎极显著高于第一胎(P＜0.01);不同胎次间乳糖含量差异不显著(P＞0.05);乳脂含量随着胎次增加呈下降趋势,第一胎乳脂含量显著高于第四胎(P＜0.05).乳中γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化物酶(LP)和淀粉酶(AMY)的活力分别为268.25±89.18 U/100 mL、231.85±107.38 U/100mL、3.97±3.68 U/mL和80.65±73.91 U/100 mL;γ-GT的活力在不同胎次间未见明显变化(P＞0.05),而AKP和LP的活力在不同胎次间虽有的变化,但差异不明显(P＞0.05).乳蛋白主要包括α-乳清蛋白(α-La)、β-乳球蛋白(β-Lg)、酪蛋白(CN)、免疫球蛋白(IgG)等组分.其中酪蛋白的相对含量约50%～52%,优势明显;α-La相对含量较低.不同胎次间主要蛋白组分相对含量差异不显著(P＞0.05).对乳上皮粘蛋白(MUC1)研究发现它有4种分子量类型,分子量分别为214 kD、209 kD、207 kD、205 kD.     

四川九个黑山羊品种(群体)X染色体微卫星DNA多态性研究

以7个微卫星标记,PCR扩增,12%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,sanguinetti银染法显色,对四川建昌、金堂、乐至、合江、江安、自贡、嘉陵、营山、白玉9个黑山羊品种(群体),进行X染色体微卫星DNA遗传多态性研究.结果表明:7个微卫星座位在9个黑山羊品种(群体)中均为高度多态座位,建昌、金堂、乐至、合江、江安、自贡、嘉陵、营山和白玉9个黑山羊的平均PIC、H和Ne分别为:0.764 4,0.796 6,5.114 5;0.725 8,0.762 8,4.466 0;0.743 8,0.776 9,4.724 2;0.758 0,0.791 0,5.006 6;0.736 5,0.774 7,4.508 4;0.746 3,0.781 9,4.694 4;0.768 3,0.799 3,5.194 8;0.764 2,0.795 6,5.033 3;0.721 1,0.760 0,4.286 7.嘉陵与营山黑山羊在D＝0.284处聚为一类;自贡与江安黑山羊在D＝0.294处聚为一类;金堂与乐至在D＝0.381处聚为一类,在D＝0.395处再与合江黑山羊聚为一类;白玉与建昌黑山羊在D＝0.456处聚为一类.最后4种聚为一大类.     

四川9个黑山羊品种(群体)的DNA指纹分析

以寡核苷酸探针(CA G/A TA T/CC)5H/infⅠ酶切,研究四川9个黑山羊品种(群体)的D NA指纹图谱。结果表明,在供试黑山羊中,个体平均可检测出18.4±1.18条谱带,未发现有共同的谱带,亦未检出性别特异谱带。9.0kb和2.2kb为建昌黑山羊共有谱带,9.0kb为金堂黑山羊共有谱带,9.0kb、6.2kb和5.5kb为白玉黑山羊共有谱带,其余各黑山羊品种(群体)内无共有谱带。9个黑山羊品种(群体)内相似系数为0.420～0.560,遗传距离为0.380～0.560。其中,合江黑山羊、江安黑山羊、自贡黑山羊间的遗传距离较小(为0.380～0.390),金堂黑山羊和乐至黑山羊间的遗传距离也较小(为0.384),白玉黑山羊分别与其他8个黑山羊品种(群体)间的遗传距离较大(0.450～0.560)。     

云岭黑山羊与波云F1代山羊的育肥及肉质性能的研究

通过对9月龄波×师F1代、波×文F1代、波×楚F1代、师宗黑山羊、文山黑山羊、楚雄黑山羊进行育肥和屠宰试验,结果表明,在放牧+补饲条件下,波×师F1代、波×文F1代和波×楚F1代羊的平均日增重(分别为137.2、133.1和132.3g)明显高于师宗黑山羊、文山黑山羊和楚雄黑山羊的平均日增重(分别为103.6、102.3和101.6 g),且差异极显著;在全放牧条件下,波×师F1代、波×文F1代和波×楚F1代羊的平均日增重(分别为74.2、72.1和73.5 g)也高于师宗黑山羊、文山黑山羊和楚雄黑山羊的平均日增重(分别为48.7、47.8和46.1 g),差异极显著(P＜0.01);对放牧+补饲育肥条件下的波×师F1代、波×文F1代、波×楚F1代、师宗黑山羊、文山黑山羊、楚雄黑山羊每组随机抽取6只做屠宰测定,师宗黑山羊、文山黑山羊、楚雄黑山羊的屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积等都低于波×师F1代、波×文F1代、波×楚F1代羊,差异显著(P＜0.05).羊肉品味评定综合口感差异不显著(P＞0.05),表明各波杂F1代羊肉的品质与云岭黑山羊羊肉的品质近似.     

四川省部分山羊遗传资源(类群)分析与评价初报

为了筛选用于肥羔山羊生产和品种选育的肉用山羊育种素材,试验选择南江黄羊、简州大耳羊、川中黑山羊(金堂型、乐至型)、川南黑山羊(自贡型、江安型)、营山黑山羊、美姑山羊、建昌黑山羊等山羊遗传资源(类群),以其主产区核心群为研究对象,分别收集、测定各资源(类群)在主产区的生长发育性能、繁殖性能以及产肉性能等指标,并结合肥羔山羊生产特性对各山羊遗传资源(类群)进行综合评价。结果表明:在各自主产区生态条件及饲养方式下,川中黑山羊(金堂型、乐至型)、川南黑山羊(自贡型)、简州大耳羊、南江黄羊的早期生长发育较快;除建昌黑山羊外,其余群体平均产羔率均达到了200%以上;川中黑山羊(金堂型)、川南黑山羊(自贡型)、营山黑山羊、简州大耳羊6月龄公羊胴体产肉率达到75%。根据肥羔山羊生产特性,初步筛选出川中黑山羊(金堂型、乐至型)、川南黑山羊(自贡型)、简州大耳羊、营山黑山羊为肥羔山羊候选育种素材。     

乐至黑山羊与营山黑山羊杂交改良效果初探

本试验利用乐至黑山羊(父本)杂交改良营山黑山羊(母本)以提高生产性能。分别测定了两品种羊及乐×营杂交一代羊6月龄的体高、体长、胸围、胸宽和管围以及2月龄、6月龄、12月龄和24月龄的体重,结果表明:杂交一代羊的所有指标明显高于营山黑山羊(P0.05),其中6月龄杂交一代公羊的体高、体长、体重、胸围和胸宽较营山黑山羊分别提高23.3%、25.2%、18.39%、38.9%和27.7%(P0.01);母羊体高、体长、体重、胸围和管围分别提高19.3%、21.7%、22.72%、26.4%和13%(P0.01),胸宽提高6.2%(P0.05)。说明杂交改良效果显著。     

喜德县建昌黑山羊产奶性能研究

本研究对喜德县建昌黑山羊的部分生产性能进行测定,结果表明:建昌黑山羊乳蛋白含量、脂肪含量、乳糖含量分别为58.5±3.3g/L、42.2±3.1g/L和43.0±3.4g/L。     

5个黑山羊品种(群体)微卫星标记的遗传多样性研究

利用14个微卫星标记分析了攀枝花地方黑山羊、建昌黑山羊、云岭黑山羊、金堂黑山羊、乐至黑山羊5个品种(群体)的遗传多样性及亲缘关系。结果显示,14个微卫星座位多态信息含量(PIC)在0.5129~0.7646之间,均为高度多态位点;5个黑山羊品种(群体)的平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.6405~0.6856,平均杂合度(H)在0.6985~0.7371之间,说明遗传多样性丰富;群体间平均遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.0296,说明群体间的变异仅为2.96%,群体间存在基因交流;攀枝花黑山羊和金堂黑山羊2个群体之间的Nei氏遗传距离最大(D=0.1286),金堂黑山羊和乐至黑山羊之间的遗传距离最小(D=0.0365);NJ聚类图中,攀枝花黑山羊、建昌黑山羊和云岭黑山羊聚为一类,金堂黑山羊和乐至黑山羊聚为一类,聚类结果与群体的地理分布较为一致。     

10个山羊品种(群体)线粒体DNA D-loop序列多态性分析

对四川10个山羊品种(群体)线粒体DNA D-loop序列多态性及系统进化关系进行了探讨.结果表明:群体间共有多态位点83个,单一多态位点23个,简约信息位点24个,平均核苷酸歧异度为0.001 828,D-loop序列多态性相对贫乏;经聚类,10个品种(群体)分为两大类,合江黑山羊与江安黑山羊先聚在一起后,再与自贡黑山羊聚为1类,营山黑山羊与嘉陵黑山羊聚为1类,两类形成一大类;成都麻羊先与金堂黑山羊聚在一起后,再依次与乐至黑山羊、建昌黑山羊、白玉黑山羊形成另一大类,最后两个大类聚在一起.聚类结果与品种(群体)来源和生态地理分布相一致.     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.