水曲柳1年生苗木培育技术的研究

本文对１年生水曲柳苗木培育的４个环节进行了研究，即种子催芽方法，育苗茬口选择，育苗密度确定和晚霜冻害防治。研究结果表明，水曲柳种子催芽方法最好采用经夏越冬浅窑埋藏方法；育苗茬口最好选择黄豆茬和红松茬；在气温不低于－２℃的情况下，防治晚霜冻害，应采用架设苇帘或日出前浇水缓苗的方法，最佳经营密度为２００株／ｍ＾２。     

平茬方式对沙柳再萌生能力的影响

研究了不同平茬方式对沙柳再萌生能力的影响,分析了人工镰割、人工锯割、人工刀砍三种平茬方式平茬后的茬口形态及再萌生沙柳的枝条数量、直径、柳条高度。结果表明：最佳平茬方式为人工镰割,其茬口倾斜度最大,茬口背风,有利于茬口防风沙侵袭;平茬后试验区域再萌生枝条数量平均达96.9根,比锯割方式和刀砍方式多出近7根;三种平茬方式对沙柳再萌生枝条直径的影响不大,平均在6～8 mm之间波动;平茬后6～8月份沙柳的生长高度没有明显差异;9月份,镰刀平茬后的沙柳高度优势有所显现,平均值为158 cm。     

ABT生根粉在林业育苗上的应用推广研究

在林业育苗中，采用ABT生根粉溶液浸种、浸条、喷苗、浸穗等处理方法，通过安徽各地的多次试验，筛选出促进根系发达，成活率、成苗率高，苗木生长快，苗木质量好的ABT最佳浓度与最佳处理时间。     

ABT生根粉处理奈李嫩枝插条正交试验

本试验力图找出应用ＡＢＴ生根粉处理奈李嫩枝扦插育苗的最佳型号、时间、浓度组合，用ＡＢＴ生根粉３种型号，分别４种浓度、４种时间处理２－３年生奈李母株插穗，结果以浓度为１００ｍｇ／ＬＡＢＴ１号处理１小时为最佳组合，其生根成苗率为６８％，比对照提高２．６倍。     

磨木浆中树脂生物控制的研究

我国生产磨木浆的原料主要是马尾松，但由于其树脂含量高，在制浆造纸过程中产生树脂障碍，既影响纸机的正常运转，又造成产品质量下降。本研究用脂肪酶对磨木浆进行处理，以降低浆料中树脂含量。研究了脂肪酶处理最佳工艺条件，并对脂肪酶脱除树脂的效果作出评价。结果表明：磨木浆脂肪酶处理的最佳工艺条件为：pH值6．0、温度70℃、浆浓10％、处理时间60min、酶用量0．8IU／g；在脂肪酶最佳处理工艺条件下，磨木浆与原浆相比，树脂含量下降了52．58％。而强度均有不同程度的提高。     

植物生长调节剂对红花檵木扦插影响的试验

对不同植物生长调节剂及其浓度、处理方式和处理时间对红花檵木扦插生根的影响进行研究。结果表明：IBA、IAA、NAA和ABT中，以IBA处理效果最佳。IBA不同处理方式有其对应浓度，IBA浸泡处理以200mg／L扦插效果最佳，速沾浓度以2000mg／L效果最好。而IBA滑石粉稠液蘸沾浓度以100mg／L为宜。IBA处理时间对红花枉木扦插生根的影响具显著差异，用300mg／L的IBA溶液处理红花檵木插条，以60min的效果最佳；用1000mg／L的IBA溶液进行速沾，以608为宜。IBA和NAA两种植物生长调节剂混合使用对红花檵木扦插生根具有桔抗作用。     

应用ABT生根粉白莲增产效果试验小结

应用ＡＢＴ生根粉白莲增产效果试验小结范盛萍，谢元兰（石城县农科所，石城县林技站）一、试验设计分别用１０、２０、３０、４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ等不同浓度的生根粉溶液和清水（ｃｋ）处理种藕，从中找出促根长芽的最佳浓度。在此基础上选用最佳浓度处理的藕种移栽到本田，并...     

森保1号防治苗木立枯病应用技术的研究

药效中试证实森保１号对落叶松、红松、云杉、樟子松等苗木立枯病的防治效果显著高于三环唑、敌克松、退菌特、多菌灵、代森锌、波尔多液等药剂处理。施用方法以森保１号浸种＋喷苗复合处理为最佳，浸种以７００ｐｐｍ、喷苗以５００ｐｐｍ为最佳使用浓度。     

臭檀育苗试验研究

为了探索臭檀育苗技术，对臭檀种子进行干藏、沙藏等不同方法处理以及场圃育苗试验，得出了最佳种子处理方法和育苗管理措施，为臭檀育苗提供了依据。     

红Ji木嫩枝密闭扦插技术研究

从扦插时期、基质、ABT－1号不同浓度处理3个方面对红Ji木嫩枝密闭扦插进行研究，结果表明，扦插时期以夏季6－8月为最佳、基质以黄心土为最好、ABT－1以50mg/L为最佳，其最佳组合的扦插成活率可达96％。     

THE MECHANISM OF SEED DETERIORATION

Seed deterioration is an irresistible physiological phenomenon.The aim to studyseed deterioration is to see if seed deterioration can be retarded artificially and the higher seedvigor of fine varieties be maintained.The change of seed deterioration occurs in almost every sys-tem,and affects many kinds of enzyme and almost all organelle,as a result,the seed loses its vig-or.The reason of seed deterioration and the lost of seed vigor are mainly studied and discussed inthis paper.According to the external and internal two kinds of theory advanced by E.H.Roberts,Much deep discussions are made from the view of biochemistry.     

CELLULAR SUBSTANCE EXUDATION AND SEED VIGOUR

In this paper.seeds of pinus koraiensis which has a characteristic of deep dormancywere selected as an expriment material,and the relation of cellular substance exudation to seed vig-our is discussed based on the dormant state,the different measuring parts and the imbibed state ofseeds before testing,as well as on the respiration of embryo and endosperm.The major measured re-sults are as follows:(1)After soaking for 24h,the dry embryo conductivity of seedlot L is greaterthat than of seedlot H:(2)The substance exudation of dry embryo of seedlot H is less than that ofseedlot L;(3)After seeds imbibed,the substance exudation of dormant embryo of seedlot H is morethan that of seedlot L;(4)After germination hastening treatment,the substance exudation of H em-bryos is greater than that of L embryos;(5)After artificially accclcrated ageing treatment,the em-bryo conductivity of imbibed seeds has a positive correlation with seed vigour.     

Organic substance metabolism during seed germination ofPinus bungeana

The metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and change of enzyme of seeds ofpinus bungeana during the germination were conducted by the methods of gas-liquid chromatography, flow injection, colorimetric analysis of spectrophotometer, to provide theoretical basis for seeds dormancy, germination and storage of seeds of forest tree. The results indicate that (1) carbohydrates were first utilized during germination of seed ofpinus bungeana; (2) stored substances in seeds began to decompose quickly after radicale broke through seed coats; (3) the activity of enzymes in the seeds does not always coincides with the increase or decrease in quantity of its responsible substance during germination of the seed. Changes in stored substance relate to metabalism of other metabolism of other materials and the use of hydrolysates.     

Study on prediction model of seed crop ofLarix olgensis seed orchard

By taking three forecasting methods (sample trees, sample branches and climate factors prediction) the forecasting equation of seed were established through correlation analysis and regression analysis on seed crop of Qingshan and QinheLarix olgensis seed orchard. The research results showed that it gave more accurate prediction with less working load by taking pistillate numbers of four sample branches at middle layer of crown to predicate seed crop. And the short-term prediction equation of this method was established. The correlation analysis between seed crop and climate factors showed that the relative humidity May and June, annual evaporative amount, and accumulated temperature above 10°C, possess the highest effect on bud differentiation and seed crop, then the middle-term predication equation of climate factors was established.     

MANCHURIAN ASH SEED BANK AND SEEDLING RECRUITMENT

To understand the natural regeneration of manchurian ash and the seed banks undervarious secondary stands,we have investigated the seed quantity and vitality of major trees in theground floor of the stands.in natural secondary stands and dahurian larch plantations with seedsourcc of manchurian ash around them,the vital seed numbers of valuable trees(mono maple,manchurian ash,amur linden,manchurian linden,manchurian walnut)are 20933/ha and18000/ha respectively.The numbers of manchurian ash seeds are 110OO/ha and 12133/harespectively.It has been found that litter affects the seedling recruitment of manchurian ash.Whenthe seeds were sown on the litter and under the litter respectively,the final seeding recruitment rateswere 17.9 and 28.9％ respectively.The peak of seedling recruitment in the former case occurred oneyear later.     

不同温度对高羊茅种子发芽的影响

高羊茅种子在不同温度下的发芽实验结果表明：高羊茅最适宜播种的温度为20—25℃，温度高至30℃，发芽率显著下降，不宜播种；温度低至10℃，平均发芽速度显著减小，发芽率有所下降。     

The experiments of seed germinating of Dioscorea nippnica Mak

IntroductionDiOscoreaniPpniCaMakisanimportanttraditionalChinesemedicinaImaterialwithsignificanteconomicvalue.Inrecentyears,asimpactofresourcesex-ploitationagainstD.niPpnbe,itspopulationdistribu-tionandamountofgrowingstockhavedecreasedconstantlyAsaresuIt,thisspecieshasbeenlistedatnationaIsecondrankpreservepIants(Xie1995).Itisurgenttosurveytheresourcesandstudyitsendan-geredmechanismofD.'ntoPniCa.Speciessurvivalrelayonreproduction,andeveryspecieshasaspecialreproductivestrategylnad-vancedpl…     

种子不同保存方法及播种时间对水紫树发芽和幼苗生长的影响

以田间调查数据为基本资料,对极耐湿的水紫树种子进行沙藏和冷藏保存,分别于3月17日、4月1日播种,对其播种苗的发芽、幼苗生长进行统计分析。结果表明：冷藏保存的种子发芽慢,持续时间长,而沙藏保存的种子发芽相对较快,持续时间短,苗齐较冷藏处理早21 d。沙藏保存种子的幼苗高、地径的全年平均累计生长量极显著大于冷藏处理。3月17日播种的幼苗高、地径的全年平均累计生长量极显著大于4月1日播种幼苗的生长量。     

Optimization of genetic gain and diversity in seed orchard crops considering variation in seed germination

Abstract

Balancing genetic gain and diversity in seed orchard crops is of a major regeneration importance. Here we extend our earlier work on the development of an optimization protocol that maximizes crops' genetic gain at any predefined diversity level, considering parental reproductive output, co-ancestry, and inbreeding, by incorporating variation in seed germination as an input. Variation in seed germination capacity substantially affected seedlots' genetic diversity by either under- or overestimating their effective population size; however, genetic gains were robust and their differences were negligible. The contrasting results of gain and diversity support the inclusion of the germination capacity, when available, in the optimization protocol.     

Balancing seed yield and breeding value in clonal seed orchards

Seed orchards should produce seeds that are both abundant and of high genetic value. This study suggests methods to achieve such a compromise and study their efficiency. The methods were applied on data obtained from 41 seed orchard clones of Scots pine from mid-Sweden. The value of the seed orchard crop was set as a function of its breeding value, the amount of seeds produced and their gene diversity, measured as the effective number of clones. The proportion of ramets of different clones that maximized this value was regarded as the optimum for deployment of the clones in a seed orchard. The results were compared with truncation selection for breeding value, truncation selection for clone benefit (the product of seed production and breeding value) and linear deployment (where ramets are deployed linearly in relation to breeding value). The influence of two parameters was studied: the relative importance of breeding value for seed value and the size of the penalty for reducing the value of the seed crop with respect to lost gene diversity. The conventional wisdom is to select the clones with the highest breeding values, but that turned out to be the most inferior alternative studied. Clone benefit truncation provided a good approximation to optimal benefit for cases, where the effective number was low and dependence of breeding value limited.