农作物病害诊断的基本程序及方法

<正>1常见病害的诊断程序症状观察。对照该作物上各种常见病害的典型症状,寻找相似点。询问送诊人员有关发病条件及过程。根据"症状及发病条件"初步判断可能是哪种病害,必要时进行病原物显微检查。检查病原真菌产生的霉状物、粒状物、丝状物、粉状物的有无及形态;病原细菌产生的细菌溢的有无;病原线虫虫体的有无及形态等。细心质疑,排除类似病害及其他疑点后作出诊断。     

农作物田间收获管理系统研究

以玉米为例,分析目前农作物田间收获管理中存在的问题,针对其特点提出解决方案,规范收获过程,提高工作效率,理顺信息流转。     

农作物田间管理技术探讨

农作物田间管理技术是指作物从播种到收获整个过程的一些技术性的劳动管理,其直接关系到农业的生产效益。田间管理可以为农作物的生长营造一个良好的外部环境,同时决定了农作物的产量和种植户的增收情况。田间管理在技术上有着严格要求,要根据实际情况,结合当地的自然条件与作物生长发育的特征及环境,采取针对性的管理措施。对农作物田间管理的技术进行了探讨与分析。     

农作物种子田田间检验方法

农作物种子田田间检验的目的,一是核查种子田品种的真实性即是否名副其实;二是检查影响种子质量的各要素,从而采取相应的技术措施确保种子收获时符合规定的质量要求.     

南阳市农作物种业发展情况调查报告

结合南阳市农作物种业发展现状调查,分析了南阳市种业存在的问题,提出了具有建设性的建议和对策。     

农作物种子质量纠纷田间现场鉴定技术探讨

论述了农作物种子质量纠纷田间现场鉴定的目的和基本要求,阐述了现场鉴定的基本程序和方法,对田间现场鉴定的主要环节和技术问题作了重点介绍或示例性说明,探讨性提出了一些有参考价值的做法建议,并规范了现场鉴定报告的内容。     

农作物植保员:食品安全的“田间守护者”

<正>在莱阳,农作物植保员目前正成为一种让人眼热的新职业,从业经验丰富、技术好、拿到农作物植保员从业职业资格证书的尤其抢手。外方对农产品出口企业的一条基本要求就是,所有出口基地的蔬菜日常     

浅析加强农作物栽培技术的基本要求及管理措施

要发展现代农业,就要认清楚现代农业发展的方向,在种植农产品时以市场需要为导向,积极发展优质高效农产品,同时要提高农业种植技术,确保能够生产出符合要求的农产品。     

关于规范农作物种子质量纠纷田间现场鉴定的建议

农业部2003年8月1日颁发了第28号令《种子质量纠纷田间现场鉴定办法》(以下简称《办法》),广西壮族自治区质量技术监督局发布了《广西农作物种子质量纠纷田间现场鉴定技术规程》(DB45/T135-2004)(以下简称《规程》)。这对于规范种子质量纠纷田间现场鉴定办法、程序,及时化解种子质量纠纷,维护当事人合法权益,具有特别重要的现实意义。但在实际工作     

五种农作物种子贮藏方法

种子是最基本的农业生产资料．是农业增产的内因,是各项技术措施的载体。种子贮藏是种子生产经营活动的重要环节．也是救灾备荒的重要措施。如果管理不善,会使病虫危害严重,导致种子的生活力降低,数量减少,严重的会使种子霉烂,使农业生产受到很大损失。不同的作物种子,采取相应的科学管理措施．可保持种子生活力．提高种植收益。     

3种椰子基因组DNA提取方法的比较

旨在得到一套快速提取椰子DNA的方法。采用CTAB小样法、SDS-CTAB法以及PVP法提取椰子组织的DNA,并通过后续的PCR扩增和酶切等实验比较了3种方法所提取的DNA质量的优劣。将CTAB小样法提取的DNA与SDS-CTAB法和PVP法提取的DNA进行了比较,CTAB小样法提取的DNA的OD260/OD280(1.839)较另外2种方法SDS-CTAB法(1.709)和PVP法(1.613)的值更高,CTAB小样法提取的DNA适合于PCR扩增,扩增的条带清晰,且特异性好。此外,CTAB小样法提取的DNA,酶切也较为均匀。CTAB小样法能高效地提取椰子的DNA,并且能一次提取大量的高质量DNA样品,因而能满足高通量的实验要求,同提取DNA能较好地满足下游的分子生物学研究。     

作物田间试验中改进测产方法的研究

在作物田间试验中,改常规的测定各产量要素计算理论产量为测定样株实际产量及易测要素来计算难测产量要素。以芝麻栽培试验为例测产表明:该项改进的测产方法省时、省工,且作物产量及各要素测定准确,测定结果兼有实际产量和理论产量的优点。     

How to develop from three parents a new variety of a self-fertilizing crop?

Summary The aim is to combine the genes for attractive levels of expression for three different characters. These genes occur in three different lines of an autogamous crop. The 12 breeding procedures evaluated comprise each combination of three different crossing programs with selection among the obtained F2 plants (or not) and with random mating among the (selected) plants (or not). For independent segregating loci random mating has no effect or only an unrewarding small effect, depending on the crossing program.In case of selection the crossing programs differing from the conventional scheme for a three-way cross deserve attention. With selection in F2 the frequency of plants with the desired genotype is increased by 20% with different crossing programs.     

Tomato: a crop species amenable to improvement by cellular and molecular methods

Summary Tomato is a crop plant with a relatively small DNA content per haploid genome and a well developed genetics. Plant regeneration from explants and protoplasts is feasable which led to the development of efficient transformation procedures.In view of the current data, the isolation of useful mutants at the cellular level probably will be of limited value in the genetic improvement of tomato. Protoplast fusion may lead to novel combinations of organelle and nuclear DNA (cybrids), whereas this technique also provides a means of introducing genetic information from alien species into tomato. Important developments have come from molecular approaches. Following the construction of an RFLP map, these RFLP markers can be used in tomato to tag quantitative traits bred in from related species. Both RFLP's and transposons are in the process of being used to clone desired genes for which no gene products are known. Cloned genes can be introduced and potentially improve specific properties of tomato especially those controlled by single genes. Recent results suggest that, in principle, phenotypic mutants can be created for cloned and characterized genes and will prove their value in further improving the cultivated tomato.     

Anaerobic digestion of dairy manure and field crop residues

This research was undertaken to determine guidelines for combining dairy manure and field crop residues for maximum methane production per volume of anaerobic digester. The parameter investigated for establishing the proper mixture was the nonlignin-carbon to nitrogen ratio. Six 4·4 litre laboratory digesters, with operating volumes of 3·4 litre, were tested for 18 months with dairy cow manure combined with either barley straw, rice hulls or rice straw in three separate six-month phases. Non-lignin-carbon to nitrogen ratios of the various feed mixtures ranged between 12·3 and 40. Results indicate that methane production from fresh dairy manure can be enhanced by addition of chopped field crop residues. The maximum performance occurs when the non-lignin-carbon to nitrogen ratio of these feed mixtures is between 25 and 32. The non-lignin-carbon to nitrogen ratios for various other agricultural residues were also determined.     

三种米香基因型鉴定方法比较研究

本文以11份香稻材料,1份对照材料以及13份回交材料为试验材料,建立了三种方法对米香基因BADH2进行基因分型研究,比较了每种方法的优势与不足,尝试建立一套快速、高效的米香基因型鉴定方法。结果表明,熔解曲线法较其它方法具有灵敏、高效、简单等特性,开发了包含目的基因在内的79个碱基为目标扩增区域的引物,建立了鉴定方法,能够达到快速分型的目的,为高通量定向培育米香水稻材料提供了技术手段。     

三种方法提取大肠杆菌E.coli脂多糖的比较

寻找大肠杆菌E.coli脂多糖的最佳提取方法。分别用改良热酚法、超声波处理法、煮沸法从大肠杆菌细胞壁中提取脂多糖,经纯化后分别在721分光光度仪上测其吸光值;再用三种方法提取的脂多糖分别免疫草鱼,计数法测受试草鱼血液中白细胞的数量,愈创木酚法测受试鱼不同组织中过氧化氢酶的活力(用OD值表示)。改良热酚法、超声波处理法、煮沸法提取的脂多糖在稀释15倍时其吸光值分别是1.973、1.003和1.153;改良热酚法、超声波处理法、煮沸法提取的脂多糖在稀释15倍时免疫草鱼,测得受试鱼的白细胞数量分别为159个/μL、160个/μL和135个/μL,测得受试鱼血液中的过氧化氢酶活力分别是0.09、0.083、0.078,测得脾脏中的过氧化氢酶活力分别是0.083、0.078、0.06。结论改良热酚法提取的大肠杆菌脂多糖浓度高、免疫活性强,是相对比较好的一种提取方法。     

An introduction to markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection for crop improvement: The basic concepts

Recognizing the enormous potential of DNA markers in plant breeding, many agricultural research centers and plant breeding institutes have adopted the capacity for marker development and marker-assisted selection (MAS). However, due to rapid developments in marker technology, statistical methodology for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the jargon used by molecular biologists, the utility of DNA markers in plant breeding may not be clearly understood by non-molecular biologists. This review provides an introduction to DNA markers and the concept of polymorphism, linkage analysis and map construction, the principles of QTL analysis and how markers may be applied in breeding programs using MAS. This review has been specifically written for readers who have only a basic knowledge of molecular biology and/or plant genetics. Its format is therefore ideal for conventional plant breeders, physiologists, pathologists, other plant scientists and students.     

农作物灾情田间调查分级规范的研究现状

近年来,农业气象灾害对中国农业生产的影响呈现危害范围逐年扩大、灾害程度逐年加重的态势,农作物灾情调查和灾害损失评估的研究越来越受到各级政府和部门的重视,为此,农作物受灾等级研判标准的重要性凸显。文章主要对中国现有的灾损评估方法及标准进行了归纳,主要包括农业部门在农情调度中对灾害的统计方法和气象部门对农业气象灾害等级的观测方法,还介绍了正在研究拟定中的农作物灾情田间调查分级规范,并指出农作物灾情田间调查分级的方法是一种将农业标准与气象标准相结合的方法,有利于将科学研究与生产实际相结合,并且便于各级部门及时采取科学的防灾减灾措施,将为农情调度、灾害损失评估、灾后农业生产自救提供科学依据。