若尔盖高寒沙化地中伴生草种对杯腺柳凋落叶初期分解的影响

凋落物分解是陆地生态系统中物质循环的关键环节。在青藏高原高寒沙化地生态恢复初期,分别以垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)和老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)为杯腺柳(Salix cupularis)的伴生草种,探究三种高原牧草在杯腺柳不同微位置(冠幅中心、冠幅半径中点和冠幅外缘)下对其凋落叶早期分解动态的影响。结果表明：垂穗披碱草伴生下,各微位置的杯腺柳凋落叶质量损失率均最高(P<0.05),且50%和95%分解时间均最短;垂穗披碱草伴生下,凋落叶纤维素和木质素含量变化更剧烈,且在分解第19个月时,木质素含量显著高于对照和其它两种草本伴生(P<0.05);微位置对凋落叶总氮、木质素含量、C/N和木质素/N影响显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,在以杯腺柳为先锋种的高寒沙化地中,垂穗披碱草种植在杯腺柳冠幅下可使杯腺柳凋落叶分解更快,更有利于区域沙化地的生态恢复。     

Conservation of the European Mink (Mustela lutreola): Focus on Reproduction and Reproductive Technologies

The European mink ( Mustela lutreola ) is a small mammal, which belongs to the Mustelidae family ( Carnivora) . Earlier, the range of distribution of this species encompassed much of the European continent. During the 20th century, the numbers of European mink declined and the range of its distribution became reduced to three fragmented populations; today this species faces extinction. The urgent necessity for effective conservation efforts to protect the European mink is accepted by the governmental organizations as well as scientific communities of most European countries. In this paper, the reasons for the disappearance of European mink are reviewed and results of past conservation efforts based on captive breeding and reintroduction programmes are critically evaluated in the broad context of modern concepts of conservation genetics and reproductive biology. The data recently obtained on the reproduction and pre-implantation development of European mink and the prospects of incorporation of modern reproductive technologies into the conservation programme of this species are discussed.     

The Structure of the Spermatozoon of Liza Dumerili (Teleostei) With Notes on Spermiogenesis

The structure of the sperm of Liza dumerili was studied by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

The sperm have a kidney-shaped nucleus. The “hilus” faces posteriorly and the proximal centriole is situated within the nuclear pit. Nuclear rotation takes place during spermiogenesis and the sperm are therefore related to those of other teleosts showing Type I spermiogenesis. No acrosome is evident. The midpiece is small but distinct and contains four spherical mitochondria. The flagellum enters the midpiece eccentrically and the axoneme runs obliquely towards the distal centriole to which it is connected. The flagellum conforms to the 9 + 2 flagellar pattern.     

First report of Lagochilascaris (Nematoda: Ascarididae) eggs in a public park in Southern Brazil

Public parks, especially in developing countries, are places where stray animals run free and may contaminate the environment with different species of parasites. In an evaluation of environmental sanitation of these sites, soil samples were collected monthly from public parks in the Pelotas city, Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. Eggs of the nematode Lagochilascaris sp. were found in a public playground. This is the first report of identification of this nematode in Southern Brazil.     

First record of Cylicospirura (Cylicospirura) felineus (Chandler, 1925) Sandground, 1933 (Nematoda: Spirocercidae) from a domestic cat in South Africa

Cylicospirura (Cylicospirura) felineus (Chandler, 1925) Sandground, 1933 is reported from a cat in South Africa for the first time. The nematode was present in a gastric parasitic nodule in a male domestic cat, and three males were recovered as well as the anterior parts of three and the posterior parts of two gravid females. The heads of two specimens of undetermined sex were also found. Part of the removed parasitic nodule was processed for histopathological examination. The parasitic nodule was located in the submucosa and slightly expanded into the muscular layer. In its centre were small necrotic areas containing debris of inflammatory cells, adult nematodes and numerous bacterial colonies. Neutrophils, eosinophils, plasma cells and lymphocytes, as well as fibroblasts, were the predominant cell types. The serosal surface of the stomach remained unaffected. Some comparative morphological as well as ecological data concerning Cylicospirura (Cylicospirura) Vevers, 1922 in other feline hosts, mainly from Australia, India and North America, are included.     

活性氧对哺乳动物早期胚胎发育的影响

活性氧(ROS)是自然界普遍存在的含氧化合物的总称,它对哺乳动物早期胚胎发育具有不良影响。本文综述了活性氧对哺乳动物早期胚胎发育的影响以及它与胚胎体外发育阻滞的内在联系,对深入探讨哺乳动物早期胚胎体外发育阻滞的机理具有一定的意义。