不同水氮条件下水稻根系超微结构及根系活力差异

【目的】探讨不同水氮耦合对水稻根系超微结构及根系代谢特性的影响,从根尖细胞超微结构及根系活力方面阐明不同水氮组合处理在根际环境间的差异。 【方法】以新稻 20 号为材料,进行盆栽试验,设置浅水层灌溉、轻度水分胁迫 (灌 1～2 cm 水层,至土壤水势降到 –20 kPa 再灌浅水层,如此反复) 和重度水分胁迫 (灌 1～2 cm 水层,至土壤水势降到 –40 kPa 再灌浅水层,如此反复) 3 种灌溉方式及不施氮肥,适量氮 (N 240 kg/hm2) 和高量氮 (N 360 kg/hm2) 3 种氮肥水平,测定了不同处理水稻根系氧化力、根系伤流量及根系分泌有机酸总量,并观测了根系细胞超微结构。 【结果】随着生育进程,根系氧化力表现为先增加后降低的趋势,在幼穗分化期达到峰值,根系伤流液及根系分泌物中有机酸总量先增加后降低,在抽穗期达到峰值。在同一氮肥水平下,轻度水分胁迫后根系细胞完整,核膜界限清晰,结构特征典型;与保持水层相比,根系氧化力及根系伤流量在分蘖盛期分别增加 25.6%～32.0% 及 9.1%～18.8%,根系分泌有机酸总量在抽穗期前平均增加 16.4%。重度水分胁迫后嗜锇体和淀粉体较多,后期细胞完全扭曲变形,细胞间隙明显增多增大、细胞器出现断裂降解,细胞基质中仅存细胞器碎片,细胞壁较完整,未出现断裂情况;与保持水层相比较,根系氧化力及根系伤流量在幼穗分化始期平均降低 8.8% 及 25.6%,根系分泌有机酸总量平均降低 22.8%。在同一灌溉方式下,适量氮处理根系细胞结构较完整,核膜较清楚,有利于根系活力的提高及根系有机酸的分泌;重施氮处理根系细胞壁和核膜降解加速。与适量氮相比,高氮处理下根系氧化力及根系伤流量在分蘖盛期至幼穗分化始期分别降低了 6.6%～9.8% 及 7.7%～15.4%,根系分泌物中有机酸总量在抽穗前平均降低 11.6%,整体上根系活力降低、有机酸的分泌量显著减少。 【结论】轻度水分胁迫耦合适量氮处理的水稻根系超微结构最优,细胞结构特征典型,核膜最为清晰,细胞完整,根系代谢能力最强。表明通过适宜的水氮耦合调控,能够提高根尖细胞的生理功能,增强根系活力、促进根系有机酸的分泌,能为水稻的生长创造良好的根际环境。     

荔枝在不同温度和氮素形态下的氮、磷吸收动力学特征

  【目的】  温度直接影响植物对养分的吸收能力,而植物对氮素形态具有偏好性。研究不同温度和氮形态营养条件下荔枝根系吸收氮和磷能力的差异,为荔枝不同季节 (物候期) 合理施用氮、磷肥提供依据。  【方法】  以‘黑叶’荔枝实生苗为材料,采用水培方法进行了试验。设置6个生长温度 (10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃) 和3种氮形态营养液 (硝态氮、1/2硝态氮 + 1/2铵态氮和铵态氮,分别表示为NN、1/2NN + 1/2AN和AN),共18个处理。将饥饿48 h的荔枝苗置于营养液中,于处理0、1、2、3、4、6、8、10和12 h后采集营养液样本,测定其中氮、磷含量。计算荔枝吸收氮、磷养分离子的动力学参数变化,并比较根系吸收氮、磷养分能力的差异。  【结果】  温度和氮形态对荔枝吸收氮和磷养分均有显著影响 (P < 0.01)。随温度升高,NN和1/2NN + 1/2AN处理下荔枝对总氮的最大吸收速率 (I_max) 呈现“下降–升高”的交替变化,但AN处理下的I_max受影响较小。15℃和30℃时AN处理荔枝对总氮的I_max显著高于其他两种氮形态营养处理,其他温度下则以1/2NN + 1/2AN处理最高;单一氮形态营养下,荔枝对氮素的亲和力 (A_m) 和离子补偿点 (C_min) 随着温度升高而发生波动;同时供应两种氮素形态时,A_m随温度升高(10℃～30℃)而增加,而C_min随温度升高而下降。氮形态对荔枝吸收总氮的I_max的影响与温度有关,但不同温度下均以NN处理的I_max最低、A_m最高及C_min最低。在1/2NN + 1/2AN处理中,荔枝吸收NH₄+的I_max显著高于NN处理,但NN处理的A_m更高且C_min更低。氮素供应形态对荔枝吸收H₂PO₄–的影响也与温度有关,在15℃和25℃时荔枝吸H₂PO₄–的I_max表现为1/2NN + 1/2AN > AN > NN,其他温度下的氮形态处理间没有明显差别。除15℃时NN处理荔枝对H₂PO₄–的A_m、C_min分别显著低于、高于其他两个处理外,其他温度下3种氮形态营养处理的A_m和C_min接近。  【结论】  荔枝为喜硝植物,但吸收铵态氮的能力更强。在生长介质温度为15℃和30℃时单独供应铵态氮及在其他温度下同时供给两种氮形态,有利于荔枝对氮素的吸收。在15℃和25℃时,同时供应硝态氮和铵态氮最有利于荔枝吸收H₂PO₄–,供应铵态氮次之;其他温度下氮供应形态对荔枝吸收H₂PO₄–没有明显影响。为提高荔枝吸收氮磷营养能力,建议生产上避免一次性大量施用硝态氮肥。     

Intraspecific differences in nitrogen assimilating enzymes in spinach under contrasting forms of nitrogen supply 1

Intraspecific differences in the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), NADH dependent glutamate synthase (NADH‐GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) under contrasting forms of nitrogen (N) supply were studied in tissues of three spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivars. The varieties (Viroflay, Butterflay, and Giant) were smooth, curly and semicurly leaved, respectively. The plants were grown in nutrient solutions containing NO₃ as the sole source of N (100:0) and NO₃ plus NH₄ (80:20). Giant, the NH₄ tolerance of which had been evaluated in growth and on the basis of nutrient uptake, had much higher GS and GDH activities in the roots and higher NR and NADH‐GOGAT levels in the leaves of plants grown on NO₃ and NH₄ than that grown on NO₃ alone. On the level of N assimilating enzymes of Butterflay, mixed N nutrition caused an increase of GDH and NADH‐GOGAT in leaves and roots and at the same time a decrease of GS in the roots and NR in the leaves. An inverse relationship between GS and GDH activities was detected in the leaves and foots of Virofiay grown with both N sources. Finally, Viroflay gave the highest levels of GDH irrespective of the NO₃:NH₄ assayed, whereas the leaves of Giant were GDH deficient in comparison with the other cultivars. In addition, the GS activity approached zero in the roots of spinach cultivars characterized by hardly any NH₄ tolerance, whereas in those of Giant it increased remarkably with the supply of NO₃ plus NH₄.     

Response of shoot and root growth to supply of different nitrogen forms is not related to carbohydrate and nitrogen status of tobacco plants

In the present study, we investigated effects of homogeneous or localized supply of different nitrogen (N) forms on shoot and root growth of tobacco. While homogeneous supply of NH₄⁺ and N deprivation inhibited shoot growth compared with application of NO₃^—, the N form had no significant effect on root growth. In contrast, in a split-root experiment, application of NH₄⁺ or N deprivation in one half of the root system repressed root growth compared with the other part of the root, which was supplied with NO₃^—. However, shoot growth was not affected by localized NH₄⁺ application or local N deprivation. Inhibitory effects on shoot and root growth by variations of N supply could not be related to limitations in N or C status of the plants or to NH₄⁺ toxicity. A possible involvement of NO₃^— as a signal compound including of phytohormones is discussed.     

不同施氮水平下不同氮利用效率小黑麦植株氮素积累分配特性

采用土培盆栽试验,以小黑麦氮高效利用品种‘Clxt82’、‘PI429186’和氮低效利用品种‘Clxt74’为材料,研究0(不施氮)、0.033 g(N)·kg-1(低氮)和0.066 g(N)·kg-1(正常氮)3个不同施氮水平下,各生长时期氮素在器官间和器官内不同功能性氮素分配的特性。结果表明:氮高效利用品种在氮素不足的条件下优势更明显,抽穗期高效利用品种和低效利用品种间生物量的差异随施氮量的增加而减小,在不施氮、低氮和正常供氮时‘Clxt82’、‘PI429186’地上部生物量分别为‘Clxt74’的1.55倍、1.19倍、1.06倍和1.79倍、1.35倍、1.30倍。不同生育时期,小黑麦氮积累量均随施氮量的增加而显著增加,低氮和正常供氮处理,在分蘖期、拔节期氮高效利用品种氮积累量均显著高于低效利用品种,而在抽穗期差异则不大。随施氮量的增加,氮素在叶片和穗部的分配比例减小,在茎的分配比例增大;分蘖期和拔节期,氮高效利用品种茎中氮素分配比例小于低效利用品种,叶片氮素分配比例则大于低效利用品种。抽穗期氮高效利用品种穗部氮素分配比例大于低效品种,而叶部则相反。各生育时期各器官不同形态氮素含量总体上随施氮量的增加而增加。不施氮和低氮处理,拔节期氮高效品种‘Clxt82’、‘PI429186’叶片营养性氮含量是低效品种‘Clxt74’的1.31倍、1.76倍和1.12倍、1.35倍,而结构性氮含量则是低效品种的86.12%、64.01%和80.82%、71.51%;抽穗期氮高效品种‘Clxt82’、‘PI429186’叶片营养性氮含量是低效品种‘Clxt74’的1.01倍、1.11倍和1.04倍、1.13倍,结构性氮含量为低效品种‘Clxt74’的74.99%、63.08%和75.78%、62.84%;各时期品种间功能性氮素含量差异不大。低氮条件下氮高效利用品种通过降低结构性氮素含量、增加营养性氮素含量来满足氮素的利用和体内循环。     

Timing and level of nitrogen supply affect nitrogen distribution and recovery in two contrasting oat genotypes

Human diets containing oat (Avena sativa L.) grain offer health benefits resulting in an emerging interest in oat improvement. Information on nitrogen (N) uptake, distribution, and use efficiency (NUE) in oat is limited. A greenhouse study using a ¹⁵N‐labeling technique was conducted to determine the responses of two contrasting oat genotypes to timing and level of N deficiency. Hulled oat cv. Prescott and hulless cv. AC Gehl were grown in soil‐mix pot culture with five N treatments applied through modified Hoagland solutions. Differences in ¹⁵N accumulation, ¹⁵N distribution, plant N originating from the labeled source, and NUE between the contrasting cultivars, were examined for each N strategy. Level of N deficiency and timing of N supply of ¹⁵NH₄¹⁵NO₃ greatly affected ¹⁵N distribution, the origins of plant N, and the amount of ¹⁵N recovered in the plant. When N was supplied from seedling emergence to maturity (T₁), AC Gehl accumulated 61% more ¹⁵N in the shoots, but 46% less ¹⁵N in the grain than Prescott (0.43 vs. 0.80 mg plant^–1), indicating that AC Gehl was less effective in producing grain yield than Prescott as AC Gehl produced greater total dry matter (DM). Withholding N supply until flag‐leaf stage (FL) increased ¹⁵N in the grain of both cultivars by 29.6%, resulting in the highest NUE. In most cases, there were larger portions of plant N derived from the labeled source for AC Gehl than for Prescott. Our results suggest that greater NUE in the newly released AC Gehl was associated with N accumulation in the vegetative tissues. It is concluded that genotype improvement of hulless oat should be focused on enhancing N‐translocation efficiency.     

Effects of different nitrogen forms on potato growth and development

The objective of this study was to test if the effects of different nitrogen forms on potato growth depend on the plant growth stage. Plants from different potato cultivars were treated with different forms of nitrogen before tuber initiation and after tuber formation. A nitrification inhibitor was used to prevent the transformation of ammonium (NH₄⁺) to nitrate (NO₃^?). Plant growth, tuber formation, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, and tuber yield were assessed. The results obtained over 2 years indicate that plants treated with NO₃-nitrogen (N) before or at tuber initiation produced more tubers per plant than those treated with NH₄-N. However, plants treated with NH₄-N develop tubers earlier. Additionally, after tuber formation, plants treated with NH₄-N had better shoot growth than plants treated with NO₃-N. A larger leaf area with higher leaf chlorophyll content resulted in greater dry matter accumulation and higher tuber yield at harvest for plants treated with NH₄-N.     

甘薯对不同形态氮素的吸收与利用

为探讨氮素形态对甘薯氮素吸收、利用及其氮素生产效率的影响。在大田生产条件下,分别施用酰胺态氮、铵态氮和硝态氮肥料,研究了甘薯生长发育过程中吸收根活力变化和氮素吸收动态、收获期氮素积累量和分配以及块根产量。结果表明,与酰胺态氮处理相比,铵态氮和硝态氮处理的吸收根活力和氮素积累起始势较高,氮素积累量、肥料氮素利用率及其生产效率也较高,块根产量提高了16.37%和10.52%。与硝态氮处理相比,铵态氮处理的氮素积累量较低,肥料氮素在块根中的分配比例较高,块根产量、氮素生产效率和肥料氮素生产效率分别提高了5.30%、13.28%和5.29%。甘薯施用铵态氮肥有利于高产和高效。     

氮素形态对樱桃番茄果实氮素和有机酸代谢的影响

Cherry tomatoes(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.,cv.hongyangli) were hydroponically cultivated in a greenhouse to determine the effect of different nitrogen(N) forms on organic acid concentration and the activities of related enzymes involved in nitrogen and organic acid metabolism during cherry tomato fruit development.The results showed that fruit nitrate reductase(NR) activity was much higher following treatment with 100% NO 3 and 75% NO 3 + 25% NH + 4 than with 100% NH + 4 except at maturity.Glutamine synthetase(GS) activity trended downward during fruit development under all three treatments.Plants fed 100% NH + 4 had the lowest fruit citrate and malate levels at maturity,with the highest malate concentration at an early stage.The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC) was found to be in accord with the malate concentration with every N source.Under all three N forms,the citrate synthase(CS) activity peaked one week before the citrate concentration.     

Movement response of Collembola to the excreta of two earthworm species: Importance of ammonium content and nitrogen forms

Several studies reported variable effects of earthworms on microarthropod density and variety. The present study tests the attraction of seven collembolan species belonging to four families, to the excreta of two earthworm species belonging to two families and two ecological categories, Aporrectodea giardi and Hormogaster elisae. Our objectives were (1) to better understand the impact of earthworms on the composition and density of Collembola communities, and (2) to dissect mechanisms involved in the attraction. Experiments were performed in Petri dishes containing two half-disks of filter paper, one with earthworm excreta, i.e. casts or a mix of mucus and urine, and the other with natural soil aggregates or water, respectively. Collembola were introduced half-way between the two half-disks and their number was counted on each half-disk and compared over 140 min. The content of ammonium in casts and mucus-urine of both earthworm species was analyzed to determine whether it altered the responses of Collembola faced with different types of earthworm excreta. The behaviour of Collembola varied strongly among the seven collembolan species, and with type of excreta and earthworm species. Six collembolan species were attracted to the mucus and urine of at least one earthworm species. The mucus-urine mixture of A. giardi, with low ammonium content, was generally more attractive than that of H. elisae, which was even repulsive in some cases, probably because of high levels of ammonium. The attraction to casts of the two earthworm species was less frequent and more variable. Folsomia candida was neither attracted to the casts nor to the mucus and urine of any earthworm species. Therefore, (1) earthworm species with different ecology, and different nitrogen excretion pathway impact differently the behaviour of collembolan species belonging to the same family or arising from the same habitat, and (2) variations in the sensitivity to ammonium among collembolan species partially explain the variable response of Collembola to earthworm excreta.     

Effects of different levels of soil salinity on yield attributes,accumulation of nitrogen,and micronutrients in Brassica spp.

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of soil salinity on yield attributes as well as nutrient accumulation in different plant parts of seven Brassica cultivars from two different species raised in pot culture experiment with two levels of salinity treatments along with control corresponding to soil electrical conductivity (EC) values of 1.65 (S₀), 4.50 (S₁) and 6.76 (S₂) dS m^?1. The experiment was consisted of twelve replications in a completely randomized design. Imposition of salinity stress affected various yield attributing characters including plant height, which ultimately led to severe yield reduction. However, tolerant cultivars, CS 52 and CS 54 performed better under salt treatment showing lesser yield loss. Salinity stress reduced the nitrogen (N) content in leaves of the Brassica plants, which reflected in decreased seed protein content. Reduced accumulation of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) was observed in leaf, stem and root at flowering and post-flowering stages, while CS 52 and CS 54 showed less reduction than susceptible cultivars under salinity stress.     

甘蓝型油菜ACCase、 DGAT2和PEPC基因对氮素用量的应答

氮肥是生长发育需要的重要营养元素之一。为了研究氮肥对油菜蛋白与油脂含量以及其合成相关基因表达水平的影响,本研究以品种中双11和Parter（德国）为材料,检测N 0、 90、 180和270 kg/hm2氮肥水平下种子含油量和蛋白质含量,并检测ACCase,DGAT2和PEPC基因在施氮肥（N 180 kg/hm2）和未施氮肥植株不同发育时期种子中的表达水平。结果发现,随施氮量增加,含油量降低,蛋白质含量增加,且Parter含油量下降程度明显高于中双11。授粉后725 d, ACCase和DGAT2的表达水平在两个品种施氮和未施氮条件下均无明显变化; 授粉后31d,施氮与未施氮相比,两个基因在中双11中的表达量分别下降1倍和12倍,而在Parter中的表达量均上升约1倍。在施氮条件下,PEPC基因在两个品种的表达高峰期均提前,中双11由授粉后31 d提前到13 d,Parter由13 d提前到7 d,说明3个基因对氮肥的响应存在基因型的差异。     

氮素不同形态对早熟马铃薯产量和氮素积累的影响

以早熟马铃薯品种石薯1号为试验材料,通过田间小区试验,研究不同形态氮素(铵态氮、硝态氮、酰胺态氮)对早熟马铃薯干物质积累和氮素吸收动态的影响。结果表明：各处理马铃薯干物质积累符合Logistic生长曲线,铵态氮(NF1)、硝态氮(NF2)和酰胺态氮(NF3)处理成熟期干物质量分别为16401.6、15603.6和16383.0 kg·hm^-2。各处理马铃薯氮素累积速率均在现蕾期前显著上升,之后下降,进入成熟期后再次上升,并且NF3处理成熟期后氮累积速率显著高于其他处理,达5.53 kg·hm^-2·d^-1。成熟期氮素累积量NF3显著大于NF2和CK处理,与NF1处理差异不显著。NF3处理马铃薯氮素表观利用率显著高于NF1和NF2处理,为39.69%,且农学效率显著大于NF2处理,为52.67 kg·kg^-1。NF3处理商品薯产量显著大于其他处理,为56688 kg·hm^-2;总产量为59460 kg·hm^-2,显著大于不施氮对照和NF2处理。综合来看,在河北...     

Elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen supply affect photosynthesis and nitrogen partitioning of two wheat varieties

The response of wheat to elevated carbon dioxide concentration (e[CO₂]) is likely to be dependent on nitrogen supply. To investigate the underlying mechanism of growth response to e[CO₂], two wheat cultivars were grown under different carbon dioxide concentration [CO₂] in a chamber experimental facility. The changes in leaf photosynthesis, C and N concentration, and biomass were investigated under different [CO₂] and N supply. The result showed an increase in photosynthesis under e[CO₂] at all N level except the one with the lowest N supply. Furthermore, a significant decrease in g_s and Tr for both the cultivars was also observed under e[CO₂] at all N levels. A considerable increase in WUEi was observed for both the cultivars under e[CO₂] at all N levels except for the lowest concentration one. Therefore, the study shows that a stimulation of plant growth under e[CO₂] to be marginal at higher N supply.     

Physiological alterations in Clarias lazera induced by two different pollutants

The physiological effects of sublethal concentrations (0.3 of 96-hr TL.) of two different pollutants (endrin and toluene) on the levels of cholesterol, glucose and protein in serum and glycogen in liver and muscle of a freshwater fish, Clarias lazera, at time intervals from 24 to 96 hr have been compared. These results indicated that the two pollutants at sublethal concentrations influenced the metabolism of cholesterol, glucose in serum and glycogen in liver and muscle in Clarias lazera. The changes induced by endrin were more striking than those induced by toluene.     

沟灌方式和水氮对玉米产量与水分传导的影响

采用正交试验设计,用美国Dynamax公司生产的高压流速仪（High Pressure Flow Meter, 简称HPFM）的瞬时法原位测定大田玉米拔节期、抽雄期和蜡熟期的根系及冠层水分传导（简称根及冠层水导）,研究了不同沟灌方式、灌水量和施氮量对玉米水分传导、产量和植株氮的影响。结果表明,玉米根系或冠层水导最大值均在拔节期取得,均随生育期的推移逐渐变小。通过对玉米产量和水分传导综合比较得出最优组合处理是隔沟交替灌（简称交替沟灌）中水高肥：即沟灌方式为交替沟灌、灌溉量为282 mm、施氮量为240 Kg?hm-2的处理。可见,交替沟灌在根区两侧反复的对干燥侧根系进行灌水,促进根系和冠层水导增大,提高了根系对水肥的吸收利用和传输效率,使得植株氮含量较高,产量较大。     

不同氮、磷水平对“双高”油菜品种宁油7号和“双低”油菜品种Tapidor生长和品质的影响

盆栽试验研究了不同氮、磷水平对甘蓝型油菜"双高"品种宁油7号和"双低"品种Tapidor苗期生长、子粒产量及主要品质的影响。结果表明,氮、磷胁迫下,宁油7号苗期地上部干物重及子粒产量均高于Tapidor。不施磷处理(P1),宁油7号苗期地上部及子粒的磷积累量显著高于Tapidor;低磷(P2)及磷正常处理(NP),前者磷含量显著低于后者。低氮处理(N2),宁油7号地上部及子粒中氮累积量均显著高于Tapidor。这表明宁油7号和Tapidor氮和磷营养效率均存在差异。品质分析表明,增施磷肥Tapidor含油量增幅显著大于宁油7号;增施氮肥前者蛋白质含量的增幅小于后者。施氮和磷对宁油7号子粒硫甙及芥酸含量无影响;施氮提高了Tapidor子粒硫甙的含量,而施磷则降低了其芥酸含量。这表明氮、磷肥对"双低"品种Tapidor子粒品质的影响大于"双高"品种宁油7号。     

长白落叶松幼苗对铵态氮和硝态氮吸收的动力学特征

采用养分吸收动力学原理并利用溶液培养法研究了不同生长期的长白落叶松苗木对NH+4和NO-3的吸收特点。结果表明,单一氮源条件下,苗木根系吸收NH+4、NO-3的速率均随着苗木的生长呈下降趋势,并且苗木对于NH+4的吸收速率整体上高于NO-3。与无NO-3时相比,在速生期加入NO-3会影响载体与NH+4的亲和力,从而大幅度降低苗木对于NH+4的吸收速率,但不会明显影响苗木在生长初期和木质化期对于NH+4的吸收速率。与单一NO-3为N源时相比,NH+4的加入会降低苗木在速生期对于NO-3的载体亲和力,从而影响其吸收速率,但是会明显提高根系在生长初期吸收NO-3的载体数量和速率。在长白落叶松苗木的养分培育过程中,为了提高苗木对于氮的利用效率,建议以铵态氮肥为主,但是在其生长初期可以适当增施硝态氮肥。     

不同人工施氮量对荆条氮素利用的影响

为了解植物在不同氮生境下的响应,以太行山丘陵区荆条群落为对象,采用人工施氮的方法,研究不同施氮水平下荆条氮素利用特征。结果表明:1)人工施氮后,成熟绿叶和枯叶中氮质量分数随施氮量的增加而增加,并在施氮量为32 g/m2时达到最大值,施氮对成熟绿叶磷质量分数也有明显的影响,当施氮量为8 g/m2时,叶中磷质量分数最高,约为对照的2.29倍,施氮量与枯叶中磷质量分数无显著相关关系;2)施氮能显著降低荆条的氮素回收率,随施氮量增加,氮素回收率整体上表现出负相关,平均降幅约为18.57%,施氮量在4～8 g/m2之间时,氮素回收率无显著差异;3)随施氮量提高,土壤氮和磷的质量分数呈现升高的趋势,土壤磷质量分数在施氮量为4 g/m2时达到最大值,之后随施氮量的增加而下降,土壤有机质和土壤含水量与氮素回收率呈负相关关系。     

Glucosinolate concentration in turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera L.) roots as affected by nitrogen and sulfur supply

Three greenhouse pot experiments were conducted with four different nitrogen (N) treatments (80, 160, 240, and 320 kg ha (-1)) in combination with three sulfur (S) treatments (10, 20, and 60 kg ha (-1)) to study the effects of combined N and S supply on glucosinolate concentration and composition in turnip roots. Total glucosinolate concentration varied widely from 9.7 (N 320S 10) to 91.6 (N 160S 60) mg (100 g) (-1) root fresh weight (FW) and individual glucosinolate concentrations were increased with increasing S supply regardless of the N treatment, whereas enhanced N supply (160 - 320 N ha (-1)) at the high S level (60 kg ha (-1)) did not affect total glucosinolate concentration. In contrast, assumingly attributed to the individual glucosinolate biosynthesis concentration of N-containing tryptophan-derived indole glucosinolate was highest with increased N supply, whereas S-containing methionine-derived aromatic and aliphatic glucosinolates decreased with increasing N supply combined at low S level (10-20 kg ha (-1)).