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Association of Obesity with Serum Leptin,Adiponectin, and Serotonin and Gut Microflora in Beagle Dogs
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H.‐J. Park S.‐E. Lee H.‐B. Kim R.E. Isaacson K.‐W. Seo K.‐H. Song 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):43-50
Background
Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) is involved in hypothalamic regulation of energy consumption. Also, the gut microbiome can influence neuronal signaling to the brain through vagal afferent neurons. Therefore, serotonin concentrations in the central nervous system and the composition of the microbiota can be related to obesity.Objective
To examine adipokine, and, serotonin concentrations, and the gut microbiota in lean dogs and dogs with experimentally induced obesity.Animals
Fourteen healthy Beagle dogs were used in this study.Methods
Seven Beagle dogs in the obese group were fed commercial food ad libitum, over a period of 6 months to increase their weight and seven Beagle dogs in lean group were fed a restricted amount of the same diet to maintain optimal body condition over a period of 6 months. Peripheral leptin, adiponectin, 5HT, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF‐5HT) levels were measured by ELISA. Fecal samples were collected in lean and obese groups 6 months after obesity was induced. Targeted pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using a Genome Sequencer FLX plus system.Results
Leptin concentrations were higher in the obese group (1.98 ± 1.00) compared to those of the lean group (1.12 ± 0.07, P = .025). Adiponectin and 5‐hydroytryptamine of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF‐5HT) concentrations were higher in the lean group (27.1 ± 7.28) than in the obese group (14.4 ± 5.40, P = .018). Analysis of the microbiome revealed that the diversity of the microbial community was lower in the obese group. Microbes from the phylum Firmicutes (85%) were predominant group in the gut microbiota of lean dogs. However, bacteria from the phylum Proteobacteria (76%) were the predominant group in the gut microbiota of dogs in the obese group.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Decreased 5HT levels in obese group might increase the risk of obesity because of increased appetite. Microflora enriched with gram‐negative might be related with chronic inflammation status in obese dogs. 相似文献2.
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Gastrointestinal microbiota play a crucial role in nutrient digestion, maintaining animal health and welfare. Various factors may affect microbial balance often leading to disturbances that may result in debilitating conditions such as colic and laminitis. The invention of next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics has provided valuable information on the effects of factors influencing equine gut microbiota. Among those factors are nutrition and management (e.g., diet, supplements, exercise), medical substances (e.g., antimicrobials, anthelmintics, anesthetics), animal-related factors (breed and age), various pathological conditions (colitis, diarrhea, colic, laminitis, equine gastric ulcer syndrome), as well as stress-related factors (transportation and weaning). The aim of this review is to assimilate current knowledge on equine microbiome studies, focusing on the effect of factors influencing equine gastrointestinal microbiota. Decrease in microbial diversity and richness leading to decrease in stability; decrease in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae family members, which contribute to gut homeostasis; increase in Lactobacillus and Streptococcus; decrease in lactic acid utilizing bacteria; decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria that have anti-inflammatory properties may all be considered as a negative change in equine gut microbiota. Shifts in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes have often been observed in the literature in response to certain treatments or when describing healthy and unhealthy animals; however, these shifts are inconsistent. It is time to move forward and use the knowledge now acquired to start manipulating the microbiota of horses. 相似文献
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线粒体是动物细胞生产能量的主要场所,可参与三磷酸腺苷的产生、细胞线粒体Ca2+稳态的维持,在调节动物机体能量代谢方面发挥重要的作用。目前,研究发现肠道微生物及其代谢产物可影响细胞线粒体代谢水平和功能,参与调节机体营养物质代谢周转速度,最终影响畜禽生长发育及饲料转化效率等。本文在总结线粒体生物学功能的基础上,重点阐述了肠道微生物及其代谢产物对线粒体功能的调节作用及影响因素,旨在为饲粮营养手段介导肠道微生物-宿主线粒体途径调节动物生长发育和肠道健康提供理论参考。 相似文献
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哺乳动物的肠道内栖息着庞大复杂的微生物群体,其微生物群体与宿主的消化吸收、物质的营养代谢和免疫功能密切相关,是影响机体健康的重要因素之一。随着分子生物学技术在肠道微生物领域的应用,特别是新一代测序技术的快速发展,使得人们对复杂的肠道微生物的研究更加深入。基于宏基因组学技术不仅能够研究肠道微生物组的多样性、揭示消化道微生物对宿主生理代谢的影响,还能进一步深入挖掘新的功能基因,并揭示宿主基因与微生物组间的互作关系和共同进化。作者综述了宏基因组学技术在哺乳动物肠道微生物中的主要应用和存在的不足,并展望了其在肠道微生物研究中的广阔应用前景,从而加深人们对肠道微生物影响宿主肠道健康作用的认识。 相似文献
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猪的肠道微生物与宿主营养代谢 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
肠道中栖息着数量庞大复杂多样的微生物菌群,肠道微生物在宿主健康中发挥着重要作用,既影响着饲料消化、营养物质吸收和能量供应,又调控着宿主正常生理功能及疾病的发生与发展.动物胃肠道不仅是消化器官,还是感应器官,肠道对营养物质的感应可以通过脑肠轴调节机体生理活动.肠道微生物还能代谢蛋白质产生宿主细胞不能合成的肽类物质,并通过小肠上皮的肽类转运系统影响机体代谢,因此可能存在微生物-肠道-大脑轴.肠道微生物还可以与机体形成宿主-微生物代谢轴,对动物机体营养物质代谢和免疫稳态起重要作用.饲粮对宿主代谢的改变,常伴随有肠道微生物区系的变化,肠道微生物的代谢可能通过微生物-肠道-大脑轴以及宿主-微生物代谢轴调节宿主很多生理过程,进而影响机体整体代谢.本文概述了猪肠道微生物区系与宿主肠道营养物质代谢的关系,以加深关于肠道微生物对机体代谢贡献的认识. 相似文献
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民猪肠道菌群特征分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
试验旨在解析不同月龄民猪的肠道菌群特征及粗纤维对民猪肠道微生物的影响。选择5头体重为(100±7.24)kg的10月龄成年母猪(成年组)和(50±4.31)kg的6月龄青年母猪(青年组),青年组又分为正常饲喂组(5头)和添加粗纤维组(4头),采集同一时间、新鲜的粪便样品,提取总DNA,利用带标签的通用引物扩增16S rRNA V4区,使用Illumina Hiseq 2000测序平台测序,通过计算Ace和Shannon多样性指数以及与已知数据库的比对,分析菌群多样性及结构特征。结果表明:3个处理组在菌群多样性方面无显著差异(P0.05);3组均以拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和螺旋菌门所占的比例最高,总计可达91%~92%,粗纤维的添加明显改变了青年组肠道微生物的组成,大幅提升了拟杆菌门所占的比例,降低了厚壁菌门和螺旋菌门所占的比例,使其菌群分布比例更接近成年个体;同时,粗纤维的添加也促进了肠道微生物内纤维杆菌属的增加。 相似文献
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植物提取物中的活性物质有黄酮类、植物精油、生物碱、茶多酚、皂苷和多糖等,这些活性物质在动物机体内具有抗菌、抗氧化、增强肠道免疫、促进消化酶分泌及改善肠道健康等多种生理功能,且具有无残留和无耐药性等特点,是抗生素的理想替代品之一。本文借鉴国内外学者近年来的植物提取物在家禽肠道健康调控方面的研究成果,对植物提取物的抑菌活性成分及抗菌机制进行了概括和阐述,重点综述了植物提取物对家禽肠道消化生理、肠道发育及黏膜形态、肠道菌群、肠道免疫和肠道有害代谢产物的影响及其作用机制,以期为今后在家禽生产中合理使用植物提取物提供科学依据。 相似文献
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肠道微生物在调节宿主生理机能、代谢和免疫功能等方面发挥着非常重要的作用,是影响猪健康和重要经济性状表型的重要因素之一。近年来,人们对猪肠道微生物的研究和了解越来越深入,了解猪肠道微生物组成将有助于为从肠道菌群方向入手改善猪群健康和提高生产性能提供参考。作者首先综述了不同发育阶段、不同肠道部位以及主要商品猪和中国地方猪肠道核心菌群组成;其次系统总结了宿主遗传背景、饲粮种类、性别、环境以及抗生素、益生菌和饲料添加剂使用等因素对猪肠道微生物组成的影响;最后概述了猪肠道微生物主要功能及其对饲料利用率、脂肪沉积、宿主行为和免疫炎症等方面的影响。 相似文献