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清、污水灌溉对冬小麦生长发育影响的田间试验研究 总被引:31,自引:5,他引:31
污水灌溉对作物生长和土壤环境的影响日益受到人们的关注。通过在北京东郊所进行的清、污水灌溉田间试验 ,着重探讨了污灌条件下 ,不同灌水水量和施肥量对冬小麦生长和产量的影响。试验设置了 2种灌水水质 (清水和污水 )、3种灌水水平 (高水、中水和低水 ) ,2种施肥水平 (中肥和无肥 ,限污水灌溉 ) ,共 9个处理 ,2组重复。结果表明 :污水灌溉对冬小麦茎叶的生长发育有一定的促进作用 ,并能提高产量 17.6 %~ 31.1% ;虽然灌溉污水能够提供一定的养分 ,但对冬小麦适量施用氮肥仍然很有必要。 相似文献
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<正> 陕西关中地区,气侯温和,土地肥沃,生产条件优越,以盛产小麦著称,种植面积占耕地面积的三分之二以上。三十年来,在小麦灌溉方面,经历了由不灌水到灌水、由少灌到多灌(包括灌水次数和灌水量)、由多灌到再到适量灌溉几个发展阶段。五十年代初期,通过灌溉试验和生产实践,改变了所谓“浇夏无粮”、“麦是火里生”等旱麦种植传统习惯,使小麦产量有了较大的提高,同时肯定了灌溉是关中小麦增产的保证 相似文献
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灌溉对优质强筋小麦生育后期生理特性及产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为给优质强筋小麦品种节水灌溉和高产优质栽培提供理论依据,在田间条件下研究了不同灌溉处理对优质强筋小麦生育后期生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明,灌溉对优质强筋小麦旗叶SPAD值、LAI和CTD值均有一定的提高作用,并对旗叶的Pn、Gs和Ci等光合指标以及抗氧化代谢也有显著的调节作用。与中熟品种济麦20号相比,早熟品种济南17号对水分更加敏感,拔节水对优质强筋小麦生育后期生理特性及产量具有重要作用,而灌浆水更有利于早熟品种获得高产。旗叶SPAD值、Pn、POD活性和CTD值的变化主要受遗传基因控制。3种灌水处理中,中熟品种济麦20号灌2水处理的产量及构成因素表现最佳,而早熟品种济南17号灌3水处理表现最好。 相似文献
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《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1998,69(3):249-254
A model to represent the discolouration of dried powder of carrots as a function of temperature was developed. Two types of carrots, Asian and European, containing large amount of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively, were tested. The dried powder was stored under an atmosphere with O2and at three different temperatures, 5,20 and 35°C. The surface colour of the powder was monitored during storage by a Hunter colour ratioa/b. In the proposed model, the rate of oxidation was assumed to be represented by the product of the fraction of concentration of oxidized pigment at arbitrary time and a specific rate of oxidation of pigment. The rate parameters in the proposed model were calculated by fitting the experimental data with smooth curves by trial and error at the end of the induction period but before discolouration took place. The frequency constant and activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the rate parameters, were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. The simulation results of a Hunter colour ratioa/bof dried powder at 25°C showed good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed model was effective for the prediction of discolouration of dried powder of both types of carrot. The use of the induction period in the manner described may enable the shelf life of dried powder to be predicted. 相似文献
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The fractional outflow rate of water from the rumen, measured as the rate of disappearance of the chromium complex of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, was related to a number of dietary factors. A multiple regression equation was derived which expressed fractional outflow rate as a function of the intakes of dry matter, ash, acid-detergent fibre and crude protein.The data analysed consisted of 243 observations for sheep on 59 diets, including forage, concentrate and mixed diets. The ranges covered by the data were: fractional outflow rate 0.7–3.6 day?1; dry matter intake 560–1400g/day; ash 4–30%, acid-detergent fibre 7–41%, crude protein 5–26 % of dry matter; there were no observations for sheep of less than 34 kg liveweight.The equation accounted for 56·3 % of the total variance. Between-sheep variance could not be calculated for the whole of the data but was undoubtedly substantial since, for a sixth of the data, it was known to account for 38 % of the total variance. 相似文献
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感官检验棉花的品级,这是农村常见的一种检测手段.它的一个主要特点就是存在不确定性.这是由于检验员的品级检验水平存在一定的差异,其中有很多因素制约着检验的结果.文章对影响感官检验结果的因素进行了系统的分析. 相似文献
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从灾害经济学的角度探讨了城镇供水优化调度的必要性和可能性,认为在缺水不可避免的情况下,对供水进行优化调度可以减小缺水带来的损失,产生较好的减灾效益,特别是可以大大减小严重干旱的灾害效应。并根据水资源的特性,提出了缺水损失的计算模式以及优化调度的原则和方法。 相似文献