中药复方“健脾消食散”对鸡十二指肠黏膜结构的影响

为了解中药复方"健脾消食散"添加剂对鸡肠黏膜结构的影响,将健康1日龄体重接近的兰灰祖代蛋雏鸡200只随机分为空白对照组、药物对照组、0.5%剂量组、1.0%剂量组、1.5%剂量组,分别于49日龄时每组随机各取10只剖杀,各取6~9cm十二指肠固定石腊包埋,常规HE染色待检,分别测定黏膜厚度、肌层厚度、绒毛高度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比(C/V)。结果表明,在对照组基础上添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%中药复方"健脾消食散"能够显著提高十二指肠黏膜厚度、肌层厚度、绒毛高度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比(C/V),综合评价1.0%剂量效果与药物对照效果相近。     

组织块法培养鸡胚肠黏膜上皮细胞

本试验采用组织块方法原代培养鸡胚肠黏膜上皮细胞，倒置显微镜下细胞呈圆形，透明状，成功培养原代鸡胚肠黏膜上皮细胞。试验表明，组织块法可用于鸡胚肠黏膜上皮细胞的原代培养，具有简便易行、培养周期短、纯度高等优点，是肠道疾病良好的体外研究模型。     

缺硒对雏鸡空肠和回肠IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4基因转录的影响

选取120只1日龄的SPF雏鸡,随机分为低硒饲料组和正常饲料组。分别在试验期7,14,21,28d对雏鸡进行剖杀并取其空肠与回肠,用实时荧光定量PCR法检测IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ基因转录结果,以明确硒缺乏对雏鸡肠黏膜免疫功能的影响。结果表明:试验组与对照组相比,试验组雏鸡在试验期14和21d时,空肠中IL-4基因转录结果极显著降低(P0.01),IL-2和IFN-γ基因转录结果极显著升高(P0.01);28d时,IL-4基因转录结果极显著降低(P0.01),IL-2基因转录结果显著降低(P0.05),IFN-γ基因转录结果无明显差异。试验组与对照组相比,试验组雏鸡在试验期14和21d时,回肠中IL-4基因转录结果极显著降低(P0.01),IL-2和IFN-γ基因转录结果极显著升高(P0.01);28d时,IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ基因转录结果极显著降低(P0.01)。结果说明,硒对雏鸡肠黏膜部分细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ的分泌具有一定的调节作用,为硒调控肠黏膜免疫的机制研究奠定基础。     

中药复方“健脾消食散”对鸡空肠黏膜结构的影响

为了解中药复方"健脾消食散"添加剂对鸡肠黏膜结构的影响。将健康1日龄体重接近的兰灰祖代蛋雏鸡200只随机分为空白对照组、药物对照组、0.5%剂量组、1.0%剂量组、1.5%剂量组,分别于49日龄时每组随机各取10只剖杀,取6-9cm空肠固定石腊包埋,常规HE染色待检,分别测定黏膜厚度、肌层厚度、绒毛高度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比(C/V)。结果表明,在对照组基础上添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%"健脾消食散"能显著提高空肠黏膜厚度、肌层厚度、绒毛高度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比(C/V),综合评价1.0%剂量效果与药物对照效果相近。     

猪源约氏乳酸杆菌JJB3和枯草芽孢杆菌JS01对仔猪肠道分泌型免疫球蛋白A和菌群的影响

本文旨在研究不同来源的益生素对仔猪分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)和主要肠道菌群的影响.选取初生仔猪72头,分别饲喂猪源约氏乳酸杆菌JJB3和枯草芽孢杆菌JS01,检测粪样SIgA和主要肠道菌群.结果表明:采用双抗夹心ELISA方法检测粪样SIgA,不同处理组仔猪的SIgA水平没有显著差异,随日龄增加而降低,但是,益生素可以延缓仔猪断奶前抗体水平下降的速度,约氏乳酸杆菌的效果优于枯草芽孢杆菌.35日龄时,对照组大肠杆菌数量显著高于约氏乳酸杆菌组(P<0.05);在7、14和29日龄时,试验组梭菌的数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在7和21日龄时,约氏乳酸杆菌处理组消化球菌显著高于对照组(P<0.05);约氏乳酸杆菌组的肠球菌数量只是在29日龄显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组乳酸杆菌的数量只是在7日龄显著高于对照组(P<0.05);双歧杆菌在不同处理组之间都没有显著差异.添加这2种益生素均可以显著提高仔猪日增重和降低腹泻指数(P<0.05).该试验结果说明这2种益生素虽然对初生仔猪肠道SIgA没有显著影响,但是能增加肠道厌氧菌的数量,并有效控制仔猪腹泻和提高仔猪日增重.     

P38 MAPK在断奶应激致仔猪肠黏膜屏障损伤中的作用

选用21日龄杜长大仔猪60头,随机分成3组,每组20头.①哺乳组:不断奶继续哺乳;②断奶组;③试验组:断奶前1h腹腔注射P38 MAPK通路抑制剂(SB203580)2 mg/kg,之后隔日同一时间同剂量注射.仔猪21日龄断奶,试验期为7d.分别于21,22,24,28日龄屠宰仔猪取样待测.结果表明,在22和24日龄时,试验组绒毛高度分别高于断奶组12.06％和13.49％,差异显著(P＜0.05);24和28日龄时,试验组隐窝深度分别低于断奶组11.21％和12.12％,差异显著(P＜0.05);22,24,28日龄时,试验组绒毛高度隐窝深度之比显著高于断奶组(P＜0.05).试验组血浆D乳酸含量和DAO活性在22,24,28日龄时均显著低于断奶组(P＜0.05).与断奶组相比,试验组显著降低了22日龄空肠、24日龄和28日龄回肠肠黏膜TNF α的含量(P＜0.05),而与哺乳组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验结果提示:阻断P38MAPK通路可能通过降低肠黏膜TNF-α的产生,缓解断奶仔猪的肠道炎症,保护肠黏膜屏障;P38 MAPK信号通路在断奶应激致小肠黏膜屏障受损过程中起调控作用.     

猪支原体肺炎活疫苗（168株）肺内免疫机制研究

为研究猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)的免疫机制,通过肺内接种免疫5 ～ 10日龄仔猪,并于免疫后不同时间点检测血清中IgG抗体效价、全血中淋巴细胞转化效率、呼吸道局部的IFN-γ浓度和特异性SIgA滴度,于免疫后28 d剖杀采集呼吸道上皮组织,通过扫描电镜法与原位杂交检测法观察疫苗株在呼吸道的存留以及对纤毛的影响情况.结果发现,免疫后猪血液中淋巴细胞转化增强1.52～2.01倍,支气管表面IFN-γ浓度和特异性SIgA滴度持续增加,但血清抗体一直未检测到.扫描电镜与原位杂交检测结果发现疫苗株能有效地黏附在支气管纤毛上皮细胞上,但对纤毛的影响较小.由此表明,猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)通过肺内免疫可有效激活全身细胞免疫及呼吸道局部的黏膜免疫与细胞免疫反应,而且还可以通过黏附支气管纤毛上皮细胞产生占位效应而对上皮组织不产生损伤.     

蜂花粉对肉鸡小肠发育的影响

将144只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分为2组，每组72只，日粮中分别添加0(对照组)和15g／kg(试验组)的蜂花粉，每周每组随机抽取试验鸡6只，剖取十二指肠、空肠、回肠，测量肠管长度及肠绒毛、肠腺长度，并制作石蜡切片，进行组织学观察，研究了日粮中添加蜂花粉对肉鸡小肠发育的影响。结果显示，试验组1～3周龄鸡的小肠绒毛和肠腺的长度显著或极显著高于对照组，肠道淋巴组织较发达，证实蜂花粉能够促进肉鸡小肠的早期发育，增强组织免疫功能。     

葡萄糖酸替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数及小肠黏膜免疫的影响

本试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加葡萄糖酸替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数及小肠黏膜免疫的影响。将180只1日龄体重相近的健康黄羽肉鸡随机分为5个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复12只鸡。阴性对照组饲喂基础日粮;阳性对照组在基础日粮基础上添加饲用抗生素(0.3 g/kg那西肽+0.25 g/kg硫酸粘杆菌素预混剂);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮基础上添加1、2、3 g/kg的葡萄糖酸。结果表明,基础日粮中添加葡萄糖酸替代饲用抗生素提高了十二指肠黏膜蛋白质中SIgA含量和十二指肠黏膜主动免疫功能;提高了77d黄羽肉鸡空肠、回肠肠黏膜蛋白质中溶菌酶含量及回肠内容物中乙酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、丙酸及总酸的浓度;对鸡免疫器官指数、小肠内容物中细菌总数总体影响不明显。由此可见,葡萄糖酸替代饲用抗生素改善了黄羽肉鸡肠黏膜免疫功能。     

表面表达猪水肿病毒素保护性抗原重组大肠杆菌激发仔猪黏膜免疫反应的研究

以菌体表面表达猪水肿病毒素保护性抗原(SLT-ⅡeB)的重组大肠杆菌(PZBSPAX),对1日龄、15日龄仔猪口服免疫,用ELISA法对口服免疫后10 d、15 d、30 d仔猪肠黏液中特异性SIgA和血清中特异性IgA、IgG进行检测,结果显示口服免疫猪能产生较高水平的肠黏液特异性SIgA及血清特异性IgA和IgG,证明该重组菌能有效激发肠道黏膜免疫反应,同时也能激发全身性体液免疫反应.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.