秋冬季桑树病虫害无公害防治技术

分析了当前桑树病虫害防治存在的问题,系统地总结了桑树病虫害无公害防治技术,并从农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治四个方面探讨了秋冬季桑树病虫害无公害防治技术措施。     

桑树根结线虫病的综合防治

主要介绍了桑树根结线虫病的农业防治、生物防治、农药防治和物理防治等方法,并提出了桑树根结线虫病的综合防治对策。     

蜜蜂病害防治的基本体系及用药安全

本文阐述了蜜蜂病虫害防治应以"预防为主、治疗为辅"、综合防治、重点防治与全年控制相结合、防治用药确保蜂产品安全为原则,提出了抗病育种,积极回避防治,蜂场与饲料卫生消毒,加强饲养管理,采用合适的药物防治等内容,以期为蜜蜂病害防治提供参考。     

桑尺蠖的发生与综合治理

介绍了桑尺蠖在各地的发生世代和发生期,幼虫发育起点温度、幼虫食叶量和防治指标,与发生有关的生态环境条件以及人为因素对桑尺蠖发生的影响,并提出了以农业防治为基础,药物防治攻关键,适当兼顾物理防治与生物防治的综合防治措施。     

牛羊寄生虫病防治程序化的初探

牛羊寄生虫病程序化防治模式是一项综合性防治新技术,改变了过去传统的防治方法,使单一寄生虫防治改为主要寄生虫整体的有序防治,使零星间断的治疗改为有组织连片的预防措施,使牛羊群的寄生虫得到全面驱治和预防,提高了综合防治效果。     

加强农业防治 推进桑园病虫害综合治理之对策

从桑园病虫害的防治要求出发,阐述了农业防治在桑园病虫害防控中的作用,分析了目前农业防治桑园病虫害中存在的问题,对如何加强农业防治,切实推进桑园病虫害综合治理提出了自己的观点。     

牛羊口蹄疫的发生、鉴别诊断及防治

就牛羊口蹄疫的分类、发生状况及口蹄疫的鉴别方法进行了阐述,并从常规防治和疫情发生后的防治2方面介绍了牛羊口蹄疫的防治措施,以期为防治该病提供参考。     

中药防治鸡传染性支气管炎概况与展望

本文总结了中药防治鸡传染性支气管炎的方剂与效果,归纳了防治鸡IB中药的种类。探讨了中药防治鸡IB研究存在的问题与应用前景,在此基础上提出了发展中药防治鸡IB的几点建议。     

海安县桑树病虫害发生规律及防治方法

本文介绍了海安县桑树病虫害发生特点、主要原因及防治措施,总结了桑树病虫害综合防治的指导思想及主要存在问题,并据此提出海安县全年桑树病虫害综合防治的措施、防治时间和用药总体思路,为桑树病虫害的有效防治提供参考依据。     

信息化技术在桑树病虫害防治上的应用

大丰市在桑树病虫害防治工作中,通过现代信息化技术和工具的运用,建立病虫害预测、预报、发布的信息平台,为及时、准确地将病虫害发生、发展的规律及防治情况、措施实时传递,有效地提高了防治的水平,提高了防治的质量,很好地解决了桑树病虫害防治难、效果不佳的矛盾。实践证明,信息化技术在桑树病虫害防治上的应用,     

Anaesthesia and analgesia of the donkey and the mule

The number of donkeys and mules throughout the world is stable, and awareness of their use and concern for welfare, pain recognition and treatment are receiving increasing veterinary interest. Therefore, accurate information about anaesthesia and analgesia in donkeys and mules is important to ever more equine practitioners. Since donkeys are physiologically and pharmacologically different from horses, knowledge on species specific aspects of anaesthesia and analgesia are very important. Mules combine elements from both donkey and horse backgrounds, leading to great diversity in size, temperament and body type. Physiologically, they seem to resemble horses more than donkeys. This review highlights the current knowledge on various anaesthetic and analgesic approaches in donkeys and mules. There is still much information that is not available about donkeys; in many circumstances, the clinician must use available equine information to treat the patient, while monitoring carefully to observe for differences in response to therapy compared to the horse.     

Ultrasonographic examination of the caecum and the proximal and spiral ansa of the colon of cattle

The large intestine of 10 cows was examined from the right abdominal wall with a 3.5 MHz linear transducer. The cows were then slaughtered, and the organs were re-examined in a water bath. The caecum was visualised from the middle region of the abdominal wall. It ran caudo-cranially, varied in diameter from 5.2 to 18.0 cm and was situated immediately adjacent to the abdominal wall. The lateral wall of the caecum appeared as a thick, echogenic, crescent-shaped line. It could be visualised as far cranially as the 12th intercostal space. Although its junction could not be identified, the proximal ansa of the colon was recognised on the basis of its anatomical position and its diameter, which was smaller than that of the caecum. The spiral ansa of the colon and the descending colon were situated dorsal to the caecum and could be identified by moving the transducer horizontally along the abdominal wall to the last rib. The spiral ansa of the colon was situated ventral to the descending colon, and its walls appeared as thick echogenic lines. In a contracted state, the spiral colon had the appearance of a garland.     

Effects of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig

Effects of age and diet composition on amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the pancreas and intestinal contents, pancreas weights and body weights were determined from birth to 56 d. A total of 120 pigs, five to seven pigs/litter from 18 litters, were slaughtered at birth, 14, 27, 29, 31, 42 and 56 d. Litters were allotted to dietary treatments (corn-soy, A; corn-soy + 20% dried whey, B; corn-soy + 5% lard, C) and offered these diets as creep feed at 14 d. All pigs were weaned at 28 d, placed in elevated nursery pens and fed their respective diets. Total activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the pancreas and small intestine increased (P less than .05) with age. Both trypsin and amylase activities, measured per kilogram body weight or gram pancreas weight, were low at 29 d in the intestine and increased to 56 d. Pigs on diet B had the highest level of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the intestinal contents (P less than .05). Trypsin activity in the pancreas (units/kg body weight) was lowest (P less than .05) for pigs on diet B and highest (P less than .05) for those on diet C (units/g pancreas and units/kg body weight). Amylase activity (units/kg body weight) was lower (P less than .05) in the pancreas for pigs on diet B than for those on diets A and C. Pigs on diet A had lower (P less than .01) intestinal amylase activities than those on diets B and C. Enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and pancreas were low following weaning. In the pancreas, activities decreased at 31 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The behavior and the husbandry conditions of small laboratory animals--possibilities and limits of the evaluation of the appropriateness and fairness of the treatment of animals

Ethological studies are important means to evaluate the behaviour of small laboratory animals (mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit) and their housing conditions. At any rate, the only sparse range of body expressions, the smallness and preference of night activity of these animals and the erratic occurrence of essential behaviour patterns make the investigations more difficult. On the other hand, the standardization of laboratory housing and the genetic definition of these animals turn out to be favourable. By this way, behaviour-environment-relationships are suitable for evaluation. Taking into consideration methodical and biological restrictions, the specific activities such as fight, relaxed resting behaviour and play as well as unbalanced behaviour patterns and stereotypes can be taken as means of evaluation. Particularly in mice and rabbits, upright position and space consuming activities will be possibly restricted by cage sizes.     

Relation between the concentration of sodium and potassium in the erythrocytes of dairy cows and the concentration of these elements in the plasma and urine and the level of blood glucose

Blood and urine samples of 180 dairy cows from 12 herds were examined. Sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in erythrocytes, whole blood, plasma, urine, and glucose concentration in blood: the interrelations were compared. Sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes were 85.15 +/- 11.45 mmol/l, and 25.93 +/- 7.81 mmol/l, respectively. A statistically significant relation was found between sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes (r = 0.3467+++) and the content of electrolyte in blood cells and in whole blood (Na: r = 0.5336+++; K: r = 0.3561+++). No statistically significant relation of intraerythrocyte concentration of both electrolytes was confirmed with respect to the other characteristics (sodium and potassium concentrations in plasma and urine, and glucose concentration in blood). In the conditions of routine laboratory diagnostics in clinically healthy cows, determinations of intraerythrocyte sodium and potassium do not broaden possibilities of evaluating the metabolic state of these electrolytes and cannot be used as the characteristics of energy insufficiency. The cannot replace the analyses performed in serum and urine.     

貉,蓝狐,银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞形态分布的研究

本文应用Ｆｏｒｔａｎａ—Ｍａｓｓｏｎ嗜银颗粒染色法研究了貉、蓝狐、银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞的形态分布。结果表明：三种动物胃幽门腺中，嗜根细胞数量最多，呈锥状，嗜银颗粒较粗，密度大、染成深黑色。在胃底及胃贲门腺区、嗜银细胞数量少。在十二指肠部嗜银细胞呈蝌蚪形，嗜银颗粒细，呈黑褐色，密度较小。嗜银细胞的分布密度在三种动物中具有一定的差别。     

Liquid flow and capacity of the caecum and colon of the horse

The rate of flow of fluid from the caecum and from the large colon was measured in four Shetland-type ponies fed a hay diet. In two ponies with cannulas in the caecum and at the origin of the right ventral colon, a continuous intracaecal infusion of a solution of chromium EDTA was used and samples were obtained from the cannula at the origin of the right ventral colon. Based on four determinations, the liquid flow from the caecum was 54.2 +/- 1.89 litres d-1. In the other two ponies with cannulas in the origin of the right ventral colon and near the end of the right dorsal colon, a continuous infusion of chromium EDTA was made into the right ventral colon and samples were obtained from the right dorsal colon. The flow rate towards the end of the dorsal colon was 49.4 +/- 1.25 litres d-1, based on four determinations. The capacities of the caecum and large colon after death were 7.0 +/- 0.8 and 17.7 +/- 3.7 litres, respectively.     

加强兽药研究开发提升行业科技创新水平

提升行业科技创新水平为主题,回顾和分析了我国新兽药研究开发的历程和研究现状及面临的形势,并围绕创新与发展的要求,提出了加强兽药研究开发的对策及建议。