粘土科学的研究意义及现状

本文就粘土科学概念及其意义，现状，研究的重点领域进行了讨论阐述。     

裂隙性粘土粒度成分的分形结构

根据分形理论，研究了我国普遍分布的裂隙性粘土粒度成分之分形结构特征，其分维值介于２．６００～３．０００之间，且灰白色隙壁粘土的分维值≥黄褐色母体土的分维值。在此基础上，讨了分维与土体物质成分，结构特征的关系，以及它所代表的工程地质意义。     

粘质红壤的导水率

本文研究了粘质旱地红壤的导水率。结果表明：土壤饱和导水率明显受土壤结构的影响，与大孔隙和总孔隙度呈显著的正相关；非饱和导水率是土壤水势或温度的函数，在０－８０ＫＰ范围内，约下降三，四个数量级。     

粘土焙烧过程中氟的排放动态

粘土的含氟量为４０７ｍｇ／ｋｇ。在实验室模拟条件下，１０００℃时粘土的排氟率为８１．３％，氟排放的起始温度因土样而异，约为５００￣６００℃，此后随着温度的升高排氟量相应增加，砖厂实际生产时砖坯的含氟量为４４７ｍｇ／ｋｇ，排氟率为７９．３％，砖厂是农村氟排放的主要污染源。     

有机酸对高岭石, 针铁矿和水铝英石吸附镉的影响

Effects of organic acids （oxalic, acetic, and citric） on adsorption characteristics of Cadmium （Cd） on soil clay minerals （kaolinite, goethite, and bayerite） were studied under different concentrations and different pH values. Although the types of organic acids and minerals were different, the effects of the organic acids on the adsorption of Cd on the minerals were similar, i.e., the amount of adsorbed Cd with an initial solution pH of 5.0 and initial Cd concentration of 35 mg L^-1 increased with increasing concentration of the organic acid in solution at lower concentrations, and decreased at higher concentrations. The percentage of Cd adsorbed on the minerals in the presence of the organic acids increased considerably with increasing pH of the solution. Meanwhile, different Cd adsorption in the presence of the organic acids, due to different properties on both organic acids and clay minerals, on kaolinite, goethite, or bayerite for different pHs or organic acid concentrations was found.     

粘粒矿物,有机质对酶活性的影响

评述了粘粒矿物对酶的吸附，粘粒矿物、有机质和有机无机复合物对酶活性的影响等方面的研究成果，并就这一领域未来的研究方向提出了一些看法。     

Charge Properties and Clay Mineral Composition of Tianbao Mountains Soils

The clay mineral association,oxides of clay fraction and surface charge properties of 7 soils,which are developed from granite,located at different altitudesof the Tianbao Mountains were studied.Results indicate that with the increase in altitude,1) the weathering process and desilicification of soil clay minerals became weaker,whereas the leaching depotassication and the formation process of hydroxy-aluminum interlayer got stronger;2)the contents of amorphous and complex aluminum and iron,and the activity of aluminum and iron oxides for soil clay fraction increased;and 3) the amount of variable negarive charge,anion exchange capacity and the values of PZC and PZNC also increased.The activity of aluminum and iron oxides,the accumulation of aluminum,and surface charge characteristics and their relation to clay oxides of the vertical zone soils were observed and recorded.     

粘土矿物对蛋白质氮矿化的影响

本试验以粘粒(蒙脱)和蛋白质(明胶)为基本材料,较详细地研究了粘土矿物对蛋白质氮矿化的影响。指出:1.蛋白质与粘粒所处的状态不同,能导致蛋白质氮分解率的不同,其中复合物中的蛋白质氮分解率小于混合物,而后者又小于纯蛋白质氮;2.对于复合物或混合物来说,蛋白质在其中的比例越大其分解率就越大,而纯白质氮则相反,3.蛋白质-粘粒中的氮或纯蛋白质氮在土壤中的分解率小于在石英砂基质上的分解率,即土壤具有保护蛋白质氮免遭微生物分解的作用,不同土壤的这种保护作用不一样,主要是由于不同土壤粘土矿物的不同所致。     

福建变性土的农业利用与管理

福建的变性土与广泛分布的地带性土壤－－砖红砖壤性经壤不仅在土壤特性上有明显的差别，而且在耕作、适种性、间作套种、耐旱程度、施肥与灌溉以及作物产量与品质等农业特性上也有很大的不同。本文根据福建的变性土特异性，探讨其农业利用与管理的问题。     

我国灌淤土的粘土矿物特点

灌淤土是指在灌溉、施肥和耕作等农事活动影响下已形成50厘米以上厚度的灌淤土层(称灌淤层)的土壤。在我国,主要分布于宁夏银川平原、内蒙古河套平原、甘肃河西走廊、新疆塔里木盆地和准葛尔盆地的四周以及青海的湟水河谷地等，是我国西北干旱区最重要的农田和产粮基地。     

长江上游山地土壤的粘土矿物组成特征

以Ｘ射线衍射分析，研究了长江上游山地土壤的粘土矿物组成。根据土壤粘土矿物组成分类，划分了粘土矿物地带，采用土壤结构恢复试验，比较了不同粘土矿物组成土壤的结构形成特征。     

应用反射光谱法对土壤粘土矿物的鉴定的初步研究

The characteristics of the reflectance spectra of clay minerals and their influences on the reflectance spectra of soils are dealt with in the paper.The results showed that dominant clay minerals in soils could be distinguished in light of the spectral -form parameters of the reflectance spectra of soils,thus making it possible to develop a quick method to determine clay minerals by means of reflectance spectra of soils in the lab.and providing a theoretic basis for remote sensing of clay minerals in soils with a high resolution imaging spectrometer.     

重叠双电层粘土体系中粘土的膨胀

本文采用Ag-AgCl电极判断平衡的方法,在25℃恒温条件下探讨了重叠双电层粘土体系中Upton蒙脱粘土的膨胀压与粘粒板层间距离的关系;同时应用双电层理论计算了该体系中粘土的膨胀压,并对膨胀压的理论值与实验值进行了比较和讨论。实验结果表明:不同电解质浓度下,膨胀压P与粘粒板层间距λ呈较好的指数关系;在相同的λ距离下,膨胀压随电解质浓度的增加而减小;由双电层理论导出的渗透膨胀公式所计算得到的粘土的膨胀压与实验值偏差甚大,渗透膨胀压仅占实际粘土膨胀压的很小比例,完全可忽略不计。看来,双电层理论可能不适用于讨论粘土的膨胀。