豌豆愈伤组织及不定芽诱导影响因素的研究

以豌豆品种陇豌1号为试验材料,对愈伤组织和不定芽诱导过程中种子处理、外植体选择、最适培养基、不定芽诱导及生根等因素进行研究。确定了最适的种子消毒处理为75%乙醇消毒30s,0.1%升汞消毒10min。以下胚轴为外植体诱导愈伤组织,最适激素配比为0.2mg/L 2,4-D和1.0mg/L TDZ,愈伤组织诱导率为91.11%。具有分化能力的愈伤组织持续培养在只添加TDZ的培养基上即可诱导出不定芽,但这些不定芽生根率仅为8.89%,为此分析了影响生根的因素,为后续的研究提供依据。     

刺五加愈伤组织诱导的研究

研究了不同培养基、激素和外植体对刺五加愈伤组织诱导的影响,结果表明：在旺盛生长期获取的叶片可以在附加植物激素的BZ培养基上以较高频率诱导出愈伤组织,诱导率为41.58%。刺五加组织培养的适宜外植体为叶片和当年生根,适宜基本培养基为BZ(改良培养基),且适合刺五加愈伤组织诱导和继代培养的激素组合为ZT0.2+NAA2.0+GA31.5。     

植物生长调节剂对草石蚕愈伤组织和不定芽诱导的影响

以草石蚕叶片和茎段为外植体,研究植物生长调节剂对草石蚕愈伤组织和不定芽诱导的影响,筛选愈伤组织及不定芽诱导的适宜培养基配方。结果表明,茎段在MS+NAA0.6mg·L^-1+6-BA6mg·L^-1培养基上愈伤组织诱导率和干重最高,分别为96.25%和0.027g;叶片在MS+NAA0.6mg·L^-1+6-BA6mg·L^-1培养基上愈伤组织诱导率、干重和鲜重均最大,分别为97.5%、0.647g和0.132g;在MS+NAA0.1mg·L^-1+6-BA6mg·L^-1+GA33mg·L^-1培养基上愈伤组织分化不定芽率最高,为76.67%;分化芽数最多的是MS+NAA0.1mg·L^-1+6-BA4mg·L^-1+GA32mg·L^-1培养基,其芽数为13.25个。     

茄子花药愈伤诱导及不定芽分化研究

以4个茄子品种的花药为外植体,研究茄子诱导花药愈伤组织及不定芽分化.结果表明,西安绿茄,豫艺2号主要分化黄白色紧密型愈伤,这种类型的愈伤分化不定芽较多,翠绿二号,黑仙子分化黄白色松散型愈伤.松散型和紧密型愈伤组织均能分化出绿苗,但松散型愈伤分化的绿苗畸形率高,容易生长缓慢,玻璃化.豫艺2号和西安绿茄适合在F1培养基上分...     

紫花苜蓿愈伤组织诱导和分化研究

以紫花苜蓿SANDITI无菌苗下胚轴、茎、叶3种不同外植体,在附加不同激素浓度的MS培养基上诱导愈伤组织。结果表明,SANDIT最佳外植体为下胚轴,最佳下胚轴愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L。15 d继代1次,或适当降低2,4-D浓度,提高6-BA或KT浓度,可以降低愈伤组织褐化率。愈伤组织在6-BA0.5 mg/L,NAA 0.1 mg/L,GA31.0 mg/L,YE 250 mg/L,CH 250 mg/L的MS培养基上,可获得较高的分化率。     

唐菖蒲愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

本试验以唐菖蒲无菌试管苗叶片、茎段、幼芽为外植体,探讨其愈伤组织诱导及植株再生情况。结果表明叶片愈伤组织诱导率极低。茎段愈伤多为黄色致密的非胚性愈伤,幼芽愈伤多为乳白色胚性愈伤。幼芽的愈伤组织诱导率和分化率以及分化速度也均高于茎段外植体。初步表明幼芽是建立愈伤组织再生体系的良好外植体。最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS 2,4-D4．0 6BA0．5。     

不同因素对南方红豆杉愈伤组织诱导的初步研究

本试验主要研究不同因素对南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensis var mairei)愈伤组织诱导的影响,通过不同的材料(幼嫩茎段、叶柄、叶、芽)、不同培养基、不同光照条件以及不同的激素配比4个方面来进行试验诱导南方红豆杉愈伤组织,旨在筛选出适合诱导南方红豆杉愈伤组织的最佳配方、适宜的培养条件和适宜的外植体。     

木蓝愈伤组织诱导与不定芽分化培养

初步建立了木蓝(Indigofera bungeana Walp.)的离体再生培养体系，为其基因工程育种研究提供前期技术参考。通过种子无菌播种技术获得野生木蓝无菌实生苗，以胚轴、茎段和叶片为外植体，筛选木蓝愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化、增殖、壮苗培养的最适培养基配方。结果显示，木蓝种子无菌播种发芽率达98%，最适培养基为1/2MS。3种外植体在不同培养基下均能诱导出愈伤组织，根据愈伤组织生长及质地色泽筛选出最适诱导培养基，其中，叶片为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA；茎段为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L NAA；胚轴为MS+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L2,4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA。相比较叶片和茎段，胚轴来源的愈伤组织适于不定芽分化，最适分化培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L NAA和MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA。不定芽增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA，壮苗和生根的最适...     

影响红掌愈伤组织诱导、增殖和芽分化的因素

以Pink champion等盆栽植株和试管苗为材料，研究了影响红掌愈伤组织诱导、增殖和芽分化的因素。结果表明，不同品种的愈伤组织诱导率和外植体褐变率均存在显著差异，诱导率和褐变率之间呈显著的负相关关系。外植体、外源激素和培养基对愈伤组织的诱导有显著影响，不同品种和外植体的适宜诱导培养基不同。光照对愈伤组织的诱导有显著的抑制作用；高浓度生长素、低浓度细胞分裂素，促进愈伤组织的增殖，高浓度细胞分裂素及低浓度生长素促进愈伤组织芽分化；固体培养比液体培养更有利于愈伤组织的增殖和芽分化。     

韭菜愈伤组织诱导条件优化的研究

本试验利用韭菜种子胚根为外植体诱导愈伤组织并继代培养的方法，研究了激素配比对韭菜愈伤组织的培养和继代的影响。结果表明，MS＋NAA（1mg／L）＋6-BA（2mg／L）适宜胚根诱导愈伤组织并进行继代培养，生长激素的合理搭配有利于韭菜快速形成愈伤组织。     

茶树不同组织体细胞胚、不定芽分化的研究

根据茶树子叶柄、叶柄断面离腋芽的距离,将外植体依次分为C1, C2, C3和L1, L2, L3。通过上述外植体和不同培养基的研究结果表明:子叶柄外植体在MT1和MT3培养基上培养,其不定芽及总分化率是C1>C2>C3;体细胞胚的分化率是C3>C2>C1。叶柄外植体只有L1在MT3培养基上培养分化了芽,MT1培养基的胚性愈伤组织诱导率比MT,培养基高,     

Breeding potential of Belgian landraces of leek ( Allium ampeloprasum L. var. porrum)

Western Europe is the world's greatest leek producing and consuming region. Belgium is situated in the centre of Western Europe and can be considered as a genepool of landraces of leek. Although the commercial varieties nowadays take over the successes of Belgian landraces, this paper deals with the breeding potential of the Belgian landraces. Typing the Belgian landraces was done in an observation trial together with 50 cultivars. Clustering analysis revealed that 4 of the Belgian landraces were autumn types, 2 landraces were of the early winter type and another 12 landraces were ranged with 6 commercial varieties to form the most winterhardy group of leek. For the important characteristics leaf colour and senescence resistance, the Belgian landraces were better than most of the commercial varieties. Although, for economically more important characteristics shaft length and some disease resistance they scored low. Finally, in this trial, the Belgian landraces were high yielding, especially in the late season. But also in the early season (harvest in September and November) some Belgian landraces were in the top 10 for yield. At harvest in February 9 of the 10 best yielding winterleeks were Belgian landraces. This proves that the Belgian landraces were well adapted to the soil and climate of this region. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

桃叶卫矛茎段愈伤组织诱导及不定芽再生体系的建立

为完善及优化桃叶卫矛组培繁殖再生体系,解决以腋芽萌发为再生途径进行组培增殖时增殖系数小的问题,以桃叶卫矛幼嫩茎段为材料,分别用20%的次氯酸钠和0.10%的升汞进行消毒处理,处理时间分别为8、10、12 min获取其消毒最佳方案;以桃叶卫矛茎段为材料,通过调节6-BA和NAA浓度,诱导桃叶卫矛茎段产生愈伤组织;以桃叶卫矛愈伤组织为材料,采用6-BA和NAA正交试验诱导产生不定芽;以桃叶卫矛不定芽为材料,调节6-BA和NAA浓度,提高继代增殖系数;以桃叶卫矛继代增殖苗为材料,调节IBA和NAA浓度,获取桃叶卫矛生根苗。研究结果表明：（1）桃叶卫矛幼嫩茎段消毒最佳方案为20%的次氯酸钠处理12 min,污染率2%;（2）茎段愈伤组织诱导最佳培养基为1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.10 mg/L NAA,诱导率80.00%;（3）不定芽诱导最佳培养基为0.5 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.10 mg/L NAA,诱导率91.11%;（4）继代增殖最佳培养基为MS+ 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.10 mg/L NAA,增殖系数6;（5）生根培养最佳培养基为1/2MS+ IBA 0.3 mg/L,生根条数平均为5条。本研究利用桃叶卫矛无芽茎段诱导出愈伤组织,并将继代增殖系数提高至6,且完成了桃叶卫矛组培再生体系的优化。     

Cryopreservation of Embryogenic Callus Cultures from Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Embryogenic callus cultures of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were frozen in the presence of a cryoprotector and subsequentjy stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, a high percentage of cultures resumed growth after a lag-period of 2–4 weeks. Plant regeneration was achieved at a frequency comparable to that observed in control cultures.     

马尾松嫩茎愈伤组织保持、增殖与不定芽分化培养

笔者以马尾松嫩茎诱导产生的愈伤组织为材料,针对愈伤组织保持、增殖和分化中容易出现褐化死亡的现象,探讨培养基中改变肌醇浓度引起的渗透压变化,调节激素配比和改变培养环境对愈伤组织保持、增殖和丛芽分化的影响。结果表明：（1）改良GD培养基,添加肌醇3.0 g/L,能有效地解决在愈伤组织增殖培养中的褐化问题;（2）在DCR培养基中添加KT 1.0~2.0 mg/L和NAA 0.5 mg/L能逐渐把增殖培养的马尾松愈伤组织从暗培养过渡到光培养,并保持增殖;（3）DCR培养基中添加KT 1.0 mg/L和TDZ 0.5 mg/L可以促进愈伤组织向丛生芽分化,并获得4个丛生芽。本研究结果为马尾松优良基因型快繁中愈伤组织保持、增殖和分化培养提供了研究基础。     

Causal relationships between inbreeding, seed characteristics and plant performance in leek (Allium porrum L.)

Leek (Allium porrum L.) is an important outdoor vegetable in West Europe, where it is cultivated on about 30,000 ha. Most commercial cultivars of leek are open pollinated. One of the major problems with the crop is poor uniformity. Leek is an outbreeding species with up to 20% self-fertilisation. Much of the variation of open pollinated cultivars is explained by the strong sensitivity to in breeding depression after selfing. In this study we attempt to analyse in a systematic way the relationship between degree of selfing and agricultural performance in leek. The results obtained confirm a negative correlation between selfing and somea gricultural aspects important for vigour such as seedling emergence, plant growth and plant fresh yield. Also negative correlations between degree of selfing and seed individual weight and between selfing and seed individual size were found. The negative relationship between inbreeding and plant weight at harvest is further confirmed in an experiment in which the origin (cross-pollination orself-pollination) of each individual offspring plant analysed was determined using AFLP-markers. Finally, the correlation between chlorophyll deficiency genes and the loss of vigour that follows selfing was investigated. The results obtained demonstrate a significant decrease of pigment content in two generations of selfing. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inbreeding depression and single cross hybrids in leeks (Allium ampeloprasum ssp. porrum)

Summary All current commercial cultivars of leeks are open-pollinated and one of the major problems with the crop is poor uniformity with much of the variation being genetic in origin. Inbred lines and single cross hybrids were produced to try to reduce the genetic variation. Inbreds were generated by single seed descent from 5400 plants taken from six commercial cultivars and performance data for uniformity, yield and quality are presented for the S₁-S₃ generations. A few relatively vigorous inbred lines were obtained but overall, inbreeding depression was very severe with no compensating increase in uniformity as measured by coefficients of variation. In contrast, the experimental hybrids gave significant uniformity, yield and quality benefits compared to open-pollinated commercial cultivars and can be used as the basis for developing a range of commercial hybrid cultivars.Abbreviations SSD Single Seed Descent - HRI Horticulture Research International