Positioning of the mitotic spindle by a cortical-microtubule capture mechanism

Correct positioning of the mitotic spindle is critical for cell division and development. Spindle positioning involves a search-and-capture mechanism whereby dynamic microtubules find and then interact with specific sites on the submembrane cortex. Genetic, biochemical, and imaging experiments suggest a mechanism for cortical-microtubule capture. Bim1p, located at microtubule distal ends, bound Kar9p, a protein associated with the daughter cell cortex. Bim1p is the yeast ortholog of human EB1, a binding partner for the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor. EB1 family proteins may have a general role in linking the microtubule cytoskeleton to cortical polarity determinants.     

Predatory capture of toads by fly larvae

A natural occurrence of predation upon toads (Scaphiopus multiplicatus) by fly larvae (Tabanus punctifer) is described. The larvae lie buried in mud, seize the toads with hooked mandibles, pull them partly into the mud, and kill them by feeding on their body fluids. The larvae may ordinarily subsist mostly on invertebrates and take Amphibia only opportunistically.     

Mitochondrial FtsZ in a chromophyte alga

A homolog of the bacterial cell division gene ftsZ was isolated from the alga Mallomonas splendens. The nuclear-encoded protein (MsFtsZ-mt) was closely related to FtsZs of the alpha-proteobacteria, possessed a mitochondrial targeting signal, and localized in a pattern consistent with a role in mitochondrial division. Although FtsZs are known to act in the division of chloroplasts, MsFtsZ-mt appears to be a mitochondrial FtsZ and may represent a mitochondrial division protein.     

应用RT-nested PCR检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒

根据GenBank中已发表的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)基因序列,利用Primer5.0程序软件,设计并合成了M基因的2对引物,以mRNA为模板,通过RT-PCR,RT-nestedPCR方法,成功扩增出长度为1328bp和1037bp的TGEV目的片段,但未扩增出猪传染性腹泻病毒(PEDV)片段。在优化RT-PCR反应条件的基础上,建立了快速检测TGEV的诊断方法。结果表明,RT-nestedPCR方法可用于检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒,而且此方法简单省时、灵敏性高,可以作为检测RNA病毒的一种分子生物学方法。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

[目的]建立1种猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)的荧光定量PCR检测方法.[方法]用RT-PCR方法扩增TGEV的N基因片段,构建含有N基因片段的重组质粒,基于SYBR Green方法以不同浓度的TGEV-N基因重组质粒作为模板进行检测TGEV的荧光定量PCR扩增.[结果]TGEV SYBR Green荧光定量PCR的扩增效率为101％,标准曲线的决定系数为0.9997,可准确检测的最低核酸模板浓度为490 copies/μL,重复性试验的变异系数小于3％,对其他3种常见的猪源RNA病毒的检测结果全为阴性,对临床样品的检出率高于常规PCR方法.[结论]建立了1种TGEV SYBR Green荧光定量PCR检测方法,可用于TGE的早期快速诊断.     

Mitochondrial DNA as a genomic jigsaw puzzle

In mitochondria of the unicellular eukaryote Diplonema, genes are systematically fragmented into small pieces that are encoded on separate chromosomes, transcribed individually, and then concatenated into contiguous messenger RNA molecules.     

一起猪传染性胃肠炎的诊断

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒属于冠状病毒科冠状病毒属,由其引起的猪传染性胃肠炎是一种高度接触性肠道疾病,呈全球范围流行,是危害养猪业的主要传染病之一。各月龄猪均易感此病,但主要引起1～2周龄仔猪发病,死亡率将近100％。2008年冬季山东招远市及周边地区有大量猪群出现腹泻症状,并有大量仔猪死亡。为探明是否存在TGE的流行,我们利用RTPCR的方法对某一猪场6头典型病例进行诊断,发现5头TGEV阳性,可见本猪场腹泻的流行与TGEV有一定的关系。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

【目的】建立一种能检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）含量的荧光定量RT-PCR方法,为猪传染性胃肠炎（TGE）的诊断和防治提供技术支持。【方法】根据TGEV TH98株的N基因序列设计1对特异性引物,扩增出目的片段,连接克隆载体后构建质粒标准品;对荧光定量的循环条件进行优化,建立猪传染性胃肠炎病毒荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,对其重复性、特异性进行检测,并与普通PCR检测方法进行比较,最后应用该方法对采自陕西杨凌周边的30份临床样品进行检测。【结果】成功构建了质粒标准品,建立了检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒的荧光定量RT-PCR方法,该方法特异性高、重复性好、敏感性比普通PCR检测方法高2个数量级,对质粒标准品的线性检测范围为1.0×10⁷～1.0×10¹拷贝/μL。用建立的检测方法对从陕西杨凌周边猪场采集的30份样品进行检测,检出4份阳性,与普通PCR检测方法符合率为100%。【结论】建立的TGEV荧光定量RT-PCR方法敏感性高、特异性好、省时省力,可以对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒进行快速检测。     

Mitochondrial transformation in yeast by bombardment with microprojectiles

The genetic transformation of mitochondria and chloroplasts has been an intractable problem. The newly developed "biolistic" (biological ballistic) process was used to deliver DNA into yeast cells to stably transform their mitochondria. A nonreverting strain, which is respiratory deficient because of a deletion in the mitochondrial oxi3 gene, was bombarded with tungsten microprojectiles coated with DNA bearing sequences that could correct the oxi3 deletion. Respiratory-competent transformants were obtained in which the introduced oxi3 DNA is integrated at the homologous site in the mitochondrial genome. Organelle genomes can now be manipulated by molecular genetic techniques in the same way as nuclear genomes.     

Particle capture by a pacific brittle star: experimental test of the aerosol suspension feeding model

Ophiopholis aculeata, a suspension feeding brittle star, is capable of removing artificial particles from seawater by some mechanism or mechanisms other than sieving; the animal can capture a finite proportion of particles in all size classes available from at least 30 to 360 micrometers in diameter. A marked shift in the size distribution of particles caught by the animal toward larger particle sizes agrees with predictions derived from aerosol filtration theory. Adhesion of particles to the tube feet is strongly dependent on the presence of fixed charged groups on the surface of the particles.     

Mitochondrial evolution

The serial endosymbiosis theory is a favored model for explaining the origin of mitochondria, a defining event in the evolution of eukaryotic cells. As usually described, this theory posits that mitochondria are the direct descendants of a bacterial endosymbiont that became established at an early stage in a nucleus-containing (but amitochondriate) host cell. Gene sequence data strongly support a monophyletic origin of the mitochondrion from a eubacterial ancestor shared with a subgroup of the alpha-Proteobacteria. However, recent studies of unicellular eukaryotes (protists), some of them little known, have provided insights that challenge the traditional serial endosymbiosis-based view of how the eukaryotic cell and its mitochondrion came to be. These data indicate that the mitochondrion arose in a common ancestor of all extant eukaryotes and raise the possibility that this organelle originated at essentially the same time as the nuclear component of the eukaryotic cell rather than in a separate, subsequent event.     

仔猪传染性胃肠炎的诊断和防制

对猪传染性胃肠炎做出正确的诊断和防制非常重要。本文从临床症状、病理变化、鉴别诊断和实验室诊断四个方面提出了该病的诊断要点,并提出了综合防制措施。     

Vivax-type malaria parasite of macaques transmissible to man

Transmission of Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii from rhesus monkeys to two human subjects by Anopheles freeborni and the occurrence of attacks of malaria in two other laboratory workers not exposed to human malaria suggests the existence of an animal reservoir of infection complicating malaria control and eradication.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)种毒特性研究

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)可导致仔猪严重腹泻,死亡率极高,是危害养猪业的重要病毒。免疫接种是预防TGEV感染有效手段,TGEV疫苗开发对防治TGEV感染具有重要价值。制备纯净种毒是疫苗株基础。本试验通过细胞培养、病毒培养、间接免疫荧光、RT-PCR、理化试验、中和试验、纯净度检测等试验技术对TGEV自主致弱毒株HR/DN1进行系统特性,结果表明,该病毒理化特性和分子生物学特性均与TGEV相符,且该病毒具有繁殖滴度高、传代稳定、病毒纯净等特点,符合种毒制备基本条件,为开发TGEV疫苗提供基础。     

Probing the carrier capture rate of a single quantum level

The performance of many semiconductor quantum-based structures is governed by the dynamics of charge carriers between a localized state and a band of electronic states. Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we studied the transport of inelastic tunneling electrons through a prototypical localized state: an isolated dangling-bond state on a Si(111) surface. From the saturation of the current at an energy resonant with this state, the hole capture rate by the dangling bond was determined. By further mapping the spatial extension of its wave function, the localized nature of the level was found to be consistent with the small magnitude of its cross section. This approach illustrates how the microscopic environment of a single defect critically affects its carrier dynamics.     

线粒体钙蛋白酶系统

[目的]综述线粒体蛋白酶系统的成员、功能及调控。[方法]文献综述法。[结果]钙蛋白酶一直被看作是细胞质酶,但是近几年的研究证明CAPN1、CAPN2和CAPN10存在于线粒体中,并在坏死和凋亡细胞死亡等一系列病理生理情况下起重要作用。[结论]本文概述了线粒体蛋白酶系统的主要特征及它在细胞、普通生化和病理生理学中的一些作用。     

Preparing to capture carbon

Carbon sequestration from large sources of fossil fuel combustion, particularly coal, is an essential component of any serious plan to avoid catastrophic impacts of human-induced climate change. Scientific and economic challenges still exist, but none are serious enough to suggest that carbon capture and storage will not work at the scale required to offset trillions of tons of carbon dioxide emissions over the next century. The challenge is whether the technology will be ready when society decides that it is time to get going.     

Mitochondrial autonomy: incorporation of monosaccharides into glycoprotein by isolated mitochondria

Isolated intact mitochondria selectively incorporate monosaccharides from nucleotide diphosphate monosaccharides into protein. Fucose, mannose, glucose, and galactose were incorporated by the mitochondria into glycoprotein; xylose was not. Structural integrity of the mitochondria was not necessary for the incorporation of monosaccharide into glycoprotein; mitochondria broken by homogenization also incorporated monosaccharide. The monosaccharides incorporated into glycoprotein were localized in the inner mitochondrial membranes, the same membranes which contain the protein into which leucine is incorporated by the isolated mitochondria.