施马伦堡病，一种新发现的病毒病

2011年底,一种新病毒在德国发病奶牛中被发现,暂命名为施马伦堡病毒。该病毒也出现在荷兰绵羊群中,主要导致羔羊先天性畸形。至目前,已向OIE通报该病的国家有荷兰、德国、比利时、英国、法国、意大利和卢森堡。为使国内读者对本病有一个较全面了解,本文参照农业部兽医局《一二三类动物疫病释义》体例,将目前已经掌握的相关知识,包括最新疫情情况进行了梳理,并从科学不确定角度提出了一些预警防范性措施和建议。     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—RADIOGRAPHIC,ULTRASONOGRAPHIC, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC,AND FLUOROSCOPIC APPEARANCE OF A DISTAL PELVIC LIMB ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION IN A YOUNG GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG

A German shepherd puppy presented for evaluation of a suspected arteriovenous fistula on the distal aspect of the right pelvic limb. Radiographs demonstrated expansion and resorption of the tarsal and metatarsal bones, and ultrasound detected a vascular abnormality. Using computed tomographic angiography, a complex arteriovenous malformation (AVM) involving the distal tibia, tarsus, and the metatarsus and an osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesion of the talus were identified. Based on these findings, therapeutic limb amputation was performed. Fluoroscopic angiography, vascular casting, and dissection were then used to further characterize features of this previously unreported AVM with concurrent bony lesions and OCD.     

Surgical repair of a chronic,oronasal fistula in a horse using an alveolar bone flap

An 8‐year‐old Andalusian stallion was presented to the Equine Hospital with a 1.5 year history of an oronasal fistula measuring approximately 2 cm long (caudal to rostral) by 1.5 cm wide following an oral extraction of the right second maxillary premolar (106). An alveolar bone flap was created adjacent to the oronasal fistula and rotated axially and ventrally to close the oral aspect of the fistula. At 3 days after surgery, clinical signs of the fistula, such as green‐tinged purulent nasal discharge and malodorous breath, were no longer evident. At 10 days after surgery, the oral opening of the fistula filled with granulation tissue and mucosa and decreased in size to less than 2 ml. The horse was fed a pelleted mash and grass diet and the small fistula was flushed orally twice daily until it completely healed. At 6 months following surgery, the fistula had completely healed. Few options are available for repairing an oroantral or an oronasal fistula in horses. This case report suggests that a large, chronic oronasal fistula involving the alveolus of a maxillary second premolar can be repaired successfully with an alveolar bone flap.     

肉牛三位点永久性瘘管手术及术后护理

本试验是对鲁西黄牛采用手术方法安装消化道多位点永久性瘘管,以便于研究牛的消化道的功能.选择5头体重约为400～450 kg的鲁西黄牛进行了瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠末端三位点“T”型瘘管二次手术.与传统方法相比较,本试验手术方法对牛损伤小,利于术后护理和牛体况恢复快.     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、传染性法氏囊病三联油乳剂灭活疫苗研制及应用

用新城疫病毒（ Ｎ Ｄ Ｖ） Ｌａ Ｓｏｔａ 株、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒 （ Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ） Ｍ４ １ 株接种鸡胚, 收获含毒鸡胚尿液。用传染性法氏囊病病毒 （ Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ） 地方强毒 Ｈ Ｂ９ ０ ９ 株接种３０ ～４０ 日龄肉用鸡, 发病后取囊组织 （ 或收集 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ 典型发病鸡囊组织） 制备成含毒组织悬液。将三种病毒液按一定比例混合, 制备成三联油乳剂灭活苗。三联苗免疫１８ 日～２８ 日龄雏鸡, 免疫后２１ 天攻毒测保护力, 三种传染病保护率均在９０ ％ ～１００ ％ , Ｎ Ｄ Ｈ Ｉ抗体≥１∶３２ , Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ Ａ Ｇ Ｐ阳性率１００ ％ , Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ Ｎ 抗体≥１∶８ , 疫苗免疫期可达４ 个月以上。疫苗在４ ℃～８ ℃保存期为１８ 个月, １０ ℃～２０ ℃保存为６ 个月, 该疫苗在全省不同地区、不同品种鸡应用１５ 万羽份, 取得理想免疫效果。     

食道瘘管法在放牧家畜采食习性研究中的运用

本文介绍了目前广泛运用于草地放牧研究中的食道瘘管法的发展、食道瘘管手术及护理、食道瘘管样的制取、食道瘘管样品用于放牧家畜采食的营养成分、植物成分、采食量和消化率方面的测定，以及与其它常用的方法——放牧前后样方测定法、扣笼与未扣笼双样方法和模拟家畜采食采摘法对放牧家畜采食的营养成分、植物成分、采食量和消化率测定的比较，认为代表放牧家畜真实采食日粮的食道疹管样在以上各项指标的测定中都优于其它测定方法所得到的样品，更能代表放牧家畜的实际采食习性。     

犬人造胃瘘管手术案例分析

[目的] 满足犬食道摘除手术,或生理性实验犬的饲喂及采集样品需要,进行试验性犬人造胃瘘管手术。[方法] 选取5只中等及大型犬,通过术前准备和检查,并做全身吸入麻醉。在腹底胃区切开皮肤,分离肌肉,拉出胃大弯,在无血管处切开胃壁,放入人造瘘管。对胃壁浆膜肌层进行双层荷包缝合。对腹壁肌肉进行结节对接缝合。术后使用聚维酮碘软膏或油剂注入肌肉与瘘管间隙,加速肉芽形成。手术6个月后对2只犬进行肉芽组织采样做病理切片。[结果] 5只犬术后15~25 d创口均取得良好愈合,并可以适应流食饲喂;通过病理学观察发现,肉芽组织生长良好,均为成熟肉芽。[结论] 该手术方法可为今后由于病理性原因进行造瘘术和生理实验手术提供实践依据。     

Thoracic aortic rupture in horses

The aorta can rupture at the aortic root or aortic arch. In most breeds, the aortic root is the likely site and rupture leads to aortocardiac fistula with communication between the aorta and the right atrium, right ventricle and/or the interventricular septum. There is a high prevalence of aortic rupture in young Friesian horses and rupture occurs at the aortic arch with pseudoaneurysm and potentially aortopulmonary fistulation. Echocardiographic and post‐mortem techniques must be adapted to identify aortic arch rupture that is not generally identified with standard approaches. Given the narrow genetic base of the Friesian breed and the significant differences found in extracellular matrix composition and metabolism between Friesians and Warmbloods, genetic factors are likely to contribute to the condition in the Friesian breed.     

Treatment of equine oro-nasal and oro-maxillary fistulae

Equine oro-nasal or oro-sinus fistulae are usually problematic disorders to treat. As these lesions are mainly a sequel to standard dental repulsions, it is obvious that safer exodontia techniques such as oral extraction should now be used. The initial treatment of such fistulae is to ensure that there is a healthy granulating alveolus, without any dental or alveolar sequestrae and that all epithelium lining the fistula is removed. Provided there is a tooth on either side of the fistula, the initial and usually successful treatment is the use of an acrylic alveolar plug attached to adequately prepared adjacent teeth. Reinforcing such prostheses with wire tied between adjacent teeth will stabilise such prostheses. For fistulae that extend far onto the hard palate or those at the Triadan 06 or 11 alveolar sites that cannot be treated by acrylic prostheses, a variety of surgical treatments including; mucoperiosteal sliding flap, transposition of facial muscles, maxillary bone flap or an ear cartilage graft are all potential therapies, but there  are no large, objective long-term reports on their success available.     

Small Animal Disease in London, 1834

Abstract— An account of some small animal diseases seen in clinical practice in London in 1834. The reports were compiled by William Youatt and cover skin diseases, distemper and rabies, and other conditions including thyroid enlargement, helminths and paralysis.     

Inclusion Body Disease,A Worldwide Infectious Disease of Boid Snakes: A Review

A disease called inclusion body disease (IBD) is seen worldwide in snakes that are members of the families Boidae and Pythonidae. Snakes affected by this disease often have neurological signs. A diagnosis is based on light microscopic examination of tissues for the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions that consist of a unique protein that has been termed inclusion body disease protein (IBDP). In some cases, inclusions are found exclusively in the central nervous system, whereas in others they may be diffusely disseminated in multiple tissues. In a few cases, the IBD inclusions have overlapped in appearance with other types of nonviral intracytoplasmic inclusions. The specific etiologic agent of IBD remains unknown. Because the underlying cause of IBD is unknown, recent research has focused on understanding the formation and nature of IBDP. A monoclonal antibody has been developed against IBDP and is currently being used in immunodiagnostic assays to develop a reliable diagnostic test for IBD. This monoclonal antibody is going through rigorous validation testing and will provide more specificity and sensitivity than currently available routine histological diagnostics. Because large numbers of boas and pythons are being bred and sold for the pet trade, better diagnostic tests are needed to help develop IBD-free breeding colonies of these snakes. Further, because IBD is one of the few worldwide diseases of captive snakes, there is concern in many countries (e.g., Australia, where it has been identified in captive pythons) that it will become established in native wild populations. Thus, there is conservation value in developing better diagnostic tools for screening snakes intended for release as part of reintroduction programs.     

新城疫的诊断、控制和预防

新城疫于1926年首先发现于印度尼西亚的爪哇和英国的新城,由Doyle分离到病毒并将之命名为新城疫.目前,世界上很多国家都有新城疫的发生,给养禽业造成了严重危害.     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、传染性法氏囊病三联活疫苗的研究

鸡新城疫(ND) La Sota、传染性支气管炎(IB) H120和传染性法氏囊病(IBD) B87弱毒株适当稀释后等量混合,经10日龄SPF鸡胚同胚接种联合培养,收获含毒鸡胚液和胎儿混合制成ND、IB、IBD三联活疫苗。接种7~14日龄SPF雏鸡7 d产生抗体,14~21d达到高峰,免疫期70 d以上,与单苗同步免疫并攻击强毒,试验结果无显著性差异。以10个使用剂量免疫SPF雏鸡,无ND、IB、IBD临床症状和剖检病变,其安全性和效力检验均达到相应单苗的标准要求。