Leukocyte mitosis: suppression in vitro associated with acute infectious hepatitis

Inhibition of mitosis in vitro was observed in leukocytes from patients with acute infectious hepatitis. Similarly, in cultures of normal leukocytes, after the addition of small amounts of serum from patients with hepatitis, mitosis was suppressed. Althoutgh the incidence of mitosis became normal in leukocytes from convalescent patients, there were chromosomal abnormalities.     

病毒性肝炎患者血清微量元素的检测及其临床意义

目的:探讨病毒性肝炎患者和肝炎肝硬化患者血清微量元素水平与病情的相关性。方法:采用RI- 10 0 0 TM全自动生化分析仪检测2 73例病毒性肝炎患者(慢性肝炎130例、急性肝炎35例、重型肝炎38例、肝炎肝硬化70例)及4 0例正常对照者血清中镁、铁、铜、锌的水平。结果:各型肝炎及肝硬化患者血清锌水平均显著低于正常对照组(P<0 .0 1)。除急性肝炎组外,慢性肝炎、重型肝炎、肝炎肝硬化患者血清中镁、铜水平均显著低于正常对照组(P<0 .0 1) ,血清中镁、铜、锌水平以重型肝炎组最低。各型肝炎及肝硬化患者血清铁水平均显著高于正常对照(P<0 .0 1) ,以重型肝炎组最高。结论:检测病毒性肝炎患者血清中的微量元素,对了解病情及指导临床治疗具有一定的意义。     

Hepatitis A: detection by immune electron microscopy of a viruslike antigen associated with acute illness

Spherical 27-nanometer particles were visualized in stools obtained from hepatitis A patients in the acute phase of the disease. The particle was serologically specific for this disease, and every hepatitis A patient tested demonstrated a serologic response to this antigen. The findings suggest that it is the etiologic agent of hepatitis A.     

Virus-like antigen, antibody, and antigen-antibody complexes in hepatitis measured by complement fixation

Complement fixation techniques are described for measuring a virus-like antigen associated with viral hepatitis. Antigen was found in the blood of 98 percent of 130 patients, with the serum form of hepatitis, from whom multiple samples were obtained. Antibodies arising during hepatitis are usually combined with antigen and cause anticomplementary activity in the serum, which is reversible with excess antigen or antibody. Tests for antigen and specific anticomplementary activity can be used diagnostically and to screen blood donors for hepatitis carriers.     

庚型病毒性肝炎22例临床观察(附7例病理报告)

目的：观察庚型肝炎（ Ｈ Ｇ）临床、生化和病理特点。方法：用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ）检测血清 Ｈ Ｇ Ｖ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ,并对２２ 例 Ｈ Ｇ的临床表现、肝功能检查和７ 例肝组织的病理特征进行分析。结果：（１） Ｈ Ｇ 的传播以输血及血制品和注射途径为主;（２）７ 例单纯 Ｈ Ｇ 的临床表现有一定隐匿性,血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ Ａ Ｌ Ｔ）、总胆红素（ Ｔｂｉｌ）、白蛋白（ Ａ）、 Ａ／ Ｇ、和凝血酶原活动度（ Ｐ Ｔ Ａ）的异常程度均明显轻于 Ｈ Ｇ重叠慢丙肝（９ 例）或慢乙肝者（６ 例）（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;（３）肝组织学示３ 例单纯 Ｈ Ｇ者呈急性轻型肝炎改变,而４ 例 Ｈ Ｇ 合并慢丙肝或慢乙肝者的肝组织则呈现不同程度的炎症活动和肝纤维化。结论：单纯 Ｈ Ｇ Ｖ 感染的临床症状和肝损害均较轻、预后良好,而 Ｈ Ｇ重叠慢性乙肝或慢性丙肝者则肝功能损害可较明显。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清e抗原抗体系统与病情和预后关系的探讨

本文分析了114例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者血清e抗原抗体系统与病情和预后的关系。结果表明,HBeAg阳性者大多数表现为慢性迁延性肝炎(CPH),而HBeAg(-)抗HBe(+)者较多表现为慢性活动性肝炎(CAH)、肝硬化、慢重肝或肝癌。抗-HBe(+)者的病情和预后较HBeAg(+)者严重(P<0.001)。抗-HBe(+)者可能为乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)前C区突变株感染所致。分析CHB患者血清e抗原抗体系统以及其它HBV标记物的特点,对估计其所感染的HBV类型、肝病轻重和预后好坏,可能具有重要的临床意义。     

B超鉴别不同临床类型病毒性肝炎的价值

对１６３例经临床或肝活检病理确诊的四种临床类型的病毒性肝炎进行了Ｂ超对比分析。这些肝炎病例的临床分型有急性、慢性（包括慢性迁延性和慢性活动性）、重型和肝炎后肝硬化。各型肝炎的Ｂ超表现包括肝脾大小、肝脏声像图改变、肝血管走行、门脾静脉、肝包膜及胆囊改变。经统计学检验对比分析显示，除晚期肝硬化Ｂ超表现有肝缩小呈结节状，表面凹凸不平，门脾静脉扩张，胆囊异常等较特殊表现外，其它各型肝炎均缺乏特殊性改变。Ｂ     

丙型肝炎感染者IL-2、IL-6、IL-18血清水平的研究

目的:探讨血清IL-2、IL-6、IL-18水平与丙型肝炎病变的关系。方法:运用EL ISA法检测不同类型丙型肝炎感染者血清3种细胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-18的水平,观察感染者细胞因子水平与肝炎发展的关系。结果:慢性及重症肝炎感染者血清IL-2水平出现显著性下调(P<0.05),而慢性及重症肝炎感染者的IL-6、IL-18的水平均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),升高程度与病情相关。结论:血中细胞因子水平是判断丙肝感染者免疫状态及进行治疗的重要指标。     

慢性HCV感染患者外周血淋巴细胞CD8+和CD38+的检测及临床意义

目的通过测定慢性丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染患者外周血淋巴细胞CD8 、CD38 的表达,从而了解感染者机体细胞免疫状态。方法流式细胞术检测44例慢性HCV感染者及正常对照外周血ALT、外周血淋巴细胞CD8 、CD38 细胞的百分率。结果慢性HCV感染者外周血CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。慢性丙型肝炎各组之间比较,ALT异常组CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例高于ALT正常组(P<0.01)。结论慢性HCV感染患者CD8 、CD38 、CD8 CD38 细胞比例明显升高,表明慢性HCV感染者处于较高的细胞免疫状态,与肝功能损伤有一定的相关性,对指导临床的病情分析和诊断具有参考价值。     

Marmosets (hapiladae): breeding seasons, twinning, and sex of offspring

Our records on marmosets, primarily Oedipomidas oedipus, plus data from the literature, confirm that these animals customarily have twins. Demonstrated chimerism for several tissues is significant, for virtually all twins are of biovular origin. Furthermore, a single birth may often be a survivor of twins. Births occur during any month, but springtime appears to be the most common period. An average interval of 240 days between births predicts the production level of a captive colony. A gestation period of about 140 days appears to be a valid estimate.     

Hepatitis B virus DNA sequences in lymphoid cells from patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex

A lymphotropic virus HTLV-III/LAV was recently identified as the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In a study of concomitant hepatitis B infections in patients with AIDS or the AIDS-related complex, DNA sequences of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were found in fresh and cultured lymphocytes from patients with AIDS even in the absence of conventional HBV serological markers. Furthermore, the restriction DNA pattern was consistent with the integration of the viral DNA. These results should prompt additional studies to reevaluate a possible role of HBV as a cofactor in AIDS in addition to the HTLV-III/LAV causal agent.     

肝病患者纤维蛋白溶解系统关键因子检测的意义

目的研究肝病患者血浆中继发性纤维蛋白溶解系统中重要标志物D-二聚体（D-D）和纤维蛋白原（FIB）指标的变化及其临床意义.方法采用美国ACL-ELITEPRO全自动凝血仪检测35例健康体检者和94例不同肝病患者血浆中FIB和D-D含量.结果与健康体检正常组相比,各肝病组FIB含量降低,顺序为急性肝炎组〉健康对照组〉慢性肝炎组〉肝癌组〉肝硬化组.急性肝炎组和慢性肝炎组差别不显著,肝硬化组和肝癌组差别显著,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;D-D含量升高顺序为健康对照组〈急性肝炎组〈慢性肝炎组〈肝癌组〈肝硬化组,各肝病组差异均有统计学意义.肝癌组和肝硬化组分别与急性肝炎组、慢性肝炎组和肝硬化组FIB和D-D含量比较均有显著差异,差异有统计学意义.结论血浆FIB和D-D可客观地反映肝病的严重程度.这为临床肝脏疾病的诊断、治疗以及判断预后提供了重要依据.     

癌症化疗中拉米呋啶抗乙肝病毒重激活的作用

目的观察拉米呋啶对携带乙肝病毒（HBV）癌症患者化疗导致病毒重激活的预防以及对患者肝功能的影响。方法收集2003年1月至2008年1月在本院进行化疗的携带HBV癌症患者89例,随机分为化疗组（n=45）和拉米呋啶组（n=44）,检测两组化疗前后谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、总胆红素、白蛋白（ALB）、血清淀粉酶、HBV标记物和HBV DNA水平,同时进行肿瘤化疗及疗效的常规指标检测。结果治疗前两组的AST、ALT、总胆红素、ALB和HBV DNA水平比较差异均无统计学意义;治疗后拉米呋啶组4.5%的患者出现肝功能异常,而化疗组为86.7%,同时化疗组的AST、ALT和HBV DNA水平明显增高,而总胆红素和ALB无明显变化;毒副反应发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论拉米呋啶可预防HBV感染的癌症患者化疗后病毒的重新激活,且毒副作用较小。     

加味寿胎颗粒联合干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的观察加味寿胎颗粒联合α-2b干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效。方法 60例e抗原阳性的慢性乙肝患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,对照组单用α-2b干扰素(安福隆)500万u,皮下注射,隔日1次;治疗组采用干扰素注射联合加味寿胎颗粒冲服,10 g/次,3次/d,疗程6个月。结果治疗组e抗原阴转率60%,HBV-DNA转阴率为76.7%;对照组e抗原阴转率33.3%,HBV-DNA转阴率为43.3%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论α-2b干扰素联合加味寿胎颗粒可以显著提高e抗原阳性的慢性乙型肝炎的治疗效果。     

乙型肝炎患者血清HBV-DNA含量与HBV前S1抗原、HBV-M和肝功能的关系

目的探讨乙型肝炎患者HBV-DNA含量与HBV前S1抗原（Pre-S1）、HBV-M和肝功能的关系。方法采用酶联免疫法、荧光定量法和生化分析法分别检测508例乙型肝炎患者血清Pre-S1、HBV-M、HBV-DNA水平和肝功能。结果随着HBV-DNA含量升高,Pre-S1阳性率显著增高（P〈0.01）。肝功能异常与HBV-DNA含量无关（P〉0.05）。HBV-DNA5 7含量为10~10 IU/mL且HBeAg阴性者肝功能异常率最高（64.0%）。结论 HBV-DNA含量与Pre-S1阳性率呈正相关,但与肝功能异常无关。     

ELISA法与FQ-PCR对HBV三种血清标志物检测结果的比较

为了探讨与评价联合检测乙型肝炎HBeAg和Pre-S1Ag、HBV-DNA等血清免疫标志物在乙型病毒性肝炎临床诊断、治疗中的意义,利用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和荧光实时定量聚合酶链式反应（FQ-PCR）,对619例疑似或确诊乙肝患者的血清样本分别进行乙肝免疫标志物HBeAg、Pre-S1Ag和HBV-DNA的联合检测。结果表明,血清乙肝免疫标志物HbeAg检测为阴性时,不能完全表明患者乙肝病毒复制终止或病毒血症的消失;血清Pre-S1Ag检测结果有助于乙型肝炎的早期诊断,也可以作为乙肝病毒DNA复制的指标之一;而FQ—PCR检测血清HBVDNA结果则有助于乙型肝炎病毒的抗原或抗体血清滴度较低时肝炎的诊断。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清IL-18、IL-18结合蛋白a亚群水平的检测及临床意义

目的探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清白细胞介素18（IL-18）和白细胞介素18结合蛋白（IL-18BP）的水平变化及其与病情的关系。方法用ELISA法检测75例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者（Child—PughA级、Child—PughB级、Child-PughC级各25例）和25例正常对照血清IL-18、IL-18BPa亚群（IL-18BPa）水平。结果乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清IL-18、IL-18BPa水平均明显高于正常对照（P〈0．01）,并且Child—PughA、B、C三级IL-18、IL-18BPa的水平依次递增,各级间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或0．05）。结论检测血清IL-18、IL-18BP水平有助于判断乙型肝炎肝硬化病情的严重程度,IL-18BP可能不足以中和IL-18。     

The outcome of acute hepatitis C predicted by the evolution of the viral quasispecies

The mechanisms by which hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces chronic infection in the vast majority of infected individuals are unknown. Sequences within the HCV E1 and E2 envelope genes were analyzed during the acute phase of hepatitis C in 12 patients with different clinical outcomes. Acute resolving hepatitis was associated with relative evolutionary stasis of the heterogeneous viral population (quasispecies), whereas progressing hepatitis correlated with genetic evolution of HCV. Consistent with the hypothesis of selective pressure by the host immune system, the sequence changes occurred almost exclusively within the hypervariable region 1 of the E2 gene and were temporally correlated with antibody seroconversion. These data indicate that the evolutionary dynamics of the HCV quasispecies during the acute phase of hepatitis C predict whether the infection will resolve or become chronic.     

An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis

A specific assay has been developed for a blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) virus in which a polypeptide synthesized in recombinant yeast clones of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is used to capture circulating viral antibodies. HCV antibodies were detected in six of seven human sera that were shown previously to transmit NANBH to chimpanzees. Assays of ten blood transfusions in the United States that resulted in chronic NANBH revealed that there was at least one positive blood donor in nine of these cases and that all ten recipients seroconverted during their illnesses. About 80 percent of chronic, post-transfusion NANBH (PT-NANBH) patients from Italy and Japan had circulating HCV antibody; a much lower frequency (15 percent) was observed in acute, resolving infections. In addition, 58 percent of NANBH patients from the United States with no identifiable source of parenteral exposure to the virus were also positive for HCV antibody. These data indicate that HCV is a major cause of NANBH throughout the world.     

恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床观察

目的通过观察恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎对肝脏组织病理和肝纤维化指标的影响,评估其抗肝纤维化的疗效.方法选取慢性乙型肝炎患者81例,随机分为两组,治疗组41例,恩替卡韦0.5 mg,1次/d,口服;对照组40例,给予常规护肝药物治疗,疗程均为48周.观察治疗后肝纤维化指标和肝活组织病理改变,并进行比较.结果治疗后两组患者肝纤维化指标均明显下降,治疗组比对照组下降更为显著,肝组织学评估结果有显著改善（P〈0.05）.结论恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化临床疗效确切,无严重不良反应.