饲料和畜禽产品中阿维菌素类药物快速检测技术研究进展

阿维菌素类药物（AVMs）是目前应用最为广泛的抗寄生虫药物,但其在动物体内的残留时间较长,因此简单、快速、高灵敏度、高通量且低成本的残留快速检测方法尤为重要。作者综述了应用于饲料和畜禽产品中阿维菌素类药物残留检测的生物传感器、生物芯片、荧光免疫分析法、免疫亲和色谱技术及酶联免疫吸附试验等快速检测技术,并对快速筛选方法的发展前景作出展望,以期对目前多残留筛选方法的选择和应用提供参考。     

动物源样品中阿维菌素类药物残留检测方法研究进展

寄生虫病是较严重的人畜共患病之一,而阿维菌素类药物是目前畜牧业上防治寄生虫病的主要药物。阿维菌素类药物属于大环内酯类抗生素,抗虫药效强大,但也具有神经毒性和发育毒性,脂溶性强,在动物体内分布广泛且代谢周期长,极易造成动物源食品中药物残留的问题,通过食物链危害人类健康。因此,对动物源样品中的阿维菌素类药物残留量进行检测意义重大。目前,应用于动物源样品中阿维菌素类药物残留分析的方法主要有液相色谱-紫外检测法、液相色谱-荧光检测法、酶联免疫吸附法、液相色谱-串联质谱法等。作者对近年来阿维菌素类药物各种检测方法进行了综述,旨在探究各种方法的优劣,为更精准有效地检测动物源食品中阿维菌素类药物的残留提供参考依据。     

动物源样品中阿维菌素类药物残留检测方法研究进展

寄生虫病是较严重的人畜共患病之一,而阿维菌素类药物是目前畜牧业上防治寄生虫病的主要药物。阿维菌素类药物属于大环内酯类抗生素,抗虫药效强大,但也具有神经毒性和发育毒性,脂溶性强,在动物体内分布广泛且代谢周期长,极易造成动物源食品中药物残留的问题,通过食物链危害人类健康。因此,对动物源样品中的阿维菌素类药物残留量进行检测意义重大。目前,应用于动物源样品中阿维菌素类药物残留分析的方法主要有液相色谱—紫外检测法、液相色谱—荧光检测法、酶联免疫吸附法、液相色谱—串联质谱法等。作者对近年来阿维菌素类药物各种检测方法进行了综述,旨在探究各种方法的优劣,为更精准有效地检测动物源食品中阿维菌素类药物的残留提供参考依据。     

兔肌肉中多拉菌素残留检测方法及消除

检测不同动物组织中的阿维菌素类药物的方法已有报道,其中高效液相色谱法应用最多.猪组织[1]和兔组织[8]中的阿维菌素残留检测均有报道.     

阿维菌素在猪和鸡中的应用及多碳留检测方法的研究进展

阿维菌素类药物由于其优异的驱虫活性和较高的安全性,被认为是目一类新型、广谱、高效、安全和用量小的兽用抗内、外寄生虫药。文章综述了阿维菌素类药物（包括阿维菌素、伊维菌素、多拉菌素、埃普菌素）在鸡、猪等经济动物中的应用,以及在其动物性食品中的残留检测方法。     

阿维菌素在猪和鸡中的应用及多残留检测方法的研究进展

阿维菌素类药物由于其优异的驱虫活性和较高的安全性,被认为是目一类新型、广谱、高效、安全和用量小的兽用抗内、外寄生虫药。文章综述了阿维菌素类药物(包括阿维菌素、伊维菌素、多拉菌素、埃普菌素)在鸡、猪等经济动物中的应用,以及在其动物性食品中的残留检测方法。     

液相色谱法测定猪组织中阿维菌素类药物残留量

动物组织中残留的阿维菌素、依维菌素和多拉菌素经乙腈提取,碱性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化后,与荧光衍生化试剂反应,产物用高效液相色谱(荧光检测器)进行检测,实现了阿维菌素类药物的残留分析.本方法在猪组织中测定阿维菌素类药物的检测限为1μg/kg;在猪组织中添加浓度为1、2、5μg/kg时的回收率为55%～75%.     

动物性食品中氟喹诺酮类药物多残留检测研究进展

氟喹诺酮类药物是一类人工合成的抗菌药物,在兽医领域应用广泛,但其残留对人畜危害严重.论文对动物性食品中氟喹诺酮类药物多残留检测方法进展做一综述,主要包括微生物法,高效液相色谱法,液相色谱-质谱法,薄层色谱法,毛细管电泳法,ELISA方法,免疫亲和色谱法,免疫传感器法,胶体金免疫层析法,电化学发光法,分析了不同多残留检测方法的优缺点,为生产选择检测方法提供建议,也为进一步研究氟喹诺酮类药物多残留检测提供参考.     

水产品中氯霉素类药物残留检测技术的研究进展

氯霉素类药物是一类广泛应用于畜禽、水产养殖中的抗生素,它在水产品中的残留将会影响水产品出口和人体健康。作者综述了氯霉素类药物在水产品中的前处理技术和残留检测方法,包括微生物法、免疫分析法、色谱分析法和其他方法,并分别对其检测方法的优缺点进行了综述,最后对氯霉素类药物多残留检测方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

免疫芯片技术在兽药残留检测中的应用

免疫芯片是一种高通量、高灵敏度、高特异性的多元检测分析技术,近几年来呈现突飞猛进的发展,引起各个领域广泛的关注及重视。本文就免疫芯片技术的原理、特点,以及在抗生素残留、 激素类药物残留、磺胺类药物残留等兽药残留检测中的应用进行阐述,以期将免疫芯片技术广泛应用于生物科学研究及实践领域。     

Advanced ultrasound techniques in small animal reproduction imaging

Ultrasonography is the imaging technology of choice for the evaluation of the reproduction system and of pregnancy in both humans and animals. Over the past 10 years, there have been significant technological improvements of the equipment, while new technologies have been developed. Doppler, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, elastography, and 3D/4D ultrasonography are advanced ultrasound techniques that have been designed as methods to increase the diagnostic sensitivity of two-dimensional (b-mode) ultrasound, and not as stand-alone tests. The basic physics as well as the advantages and limitations of these advanced ultrasound methods are briefly described. In the reproductive diagnostics of small animals, these techniques have gained an increased popularity as proved by the increased publication of several reports that are also briefly summarized in this review. Clinical applicability is to date limited because of a lack of research on the diagnostic value in concrete situations. Future research projects should focus also on standardization of the used techniques, on determination of thresholds to discriminate between healthy or diseases or fertile versus infertile and on the predictive value of advanced ultrasound findings. Continuing development and optimization of different ultrasound techniques as well as the increase of related scientific interest and worldwide research promises that the clinical interest on the use of advanced ultrasound techniques will increase in future.     

Anesthesia for neonatal foals

A brief discussion of those aspects of neonatal physiology that pertain to anesthetic risk and selection of anesthetic techniques is followed by discussion of suggested techniques for anesthetic management in healthy foals. Preoperative preparation and management of foals with selected serious surgical conditions are also considered.     

Local anaesthetic techniques for the equine head,towards guided techniques and new applications

Perineural nerve blocks are often used in equine practice, especially since the use of diagnostic and surgical procedures in the standing sedated horse have expanded over recent decades. The purpose of this review is to discuss the different perineural nerve blocks for the equine head. The review starts with the currently most used blind approaches as described in textbooks and scientific studies. In human medicine, the role of guided techniques, such as ultrasound guidance, advanced imaging guidance and nerve stimulator guided techniques, is very extensively described. These techniques are promising to use in equine medicine as well. The first studies that describe these techniques in equine cases are also discussed in this review, as well as the possibilities for neuromodulation in equine pain syndromes like equine trigeminus-mediated headshaking and the role of perineural nerve blocks in diagnosing this syndrome.     

饲料检测技术的研究进展

饲料检测技术是饲料工业生产中保证饲料原料和各种产品质量的重要手段,同时也是解决贸易纠纷和行政监督的重要依据。介绍了饲料检测技术的研究现状及发展方向,重点阐述了近年来饲料检测新技术的发展及应用。     

传统技术与现代分子生物学技术在瘤胃微生物多样性方面的研究进展

为了提高反刍动物利用瘤胃微生物的效率,微生物学家和动物营养学家都致力于瘤胃微生物的培养分离纯化和生理生化特性研究.但是由于瘤胃微生物大多是厌氧性的,很难培养成功,传统技术在瘤胃微生物的研究上受到很多限制.随着科学技术的进步,现代分子技术也开始逐渐渗透到瘤胃微生物的研究中来.文章将瘤胃微生物多样性研究的方法简要划分为纯培养技术,现代分子生物学技术和上述两种方法的联合使用,并重点阐述了不同方法的优缺点,展望了瘤胃微生物多样性研究方法的发展前景.     

Renal biopsy of dogs and cats

Renal diseases are common in dogs and cats. Renal biopsy may be required during the evaluation of the patient to establish a definitive diagnosis, determine the severity of the lesion and formulate an optimal treatment plan. Renal biopsy specimens can be collected via several methods. Percutaneous techniques are performed with ultrasound guidance in both dogs and cats or blindly in cats. If ultrasound guidance is not available, the keyhole technique can be used in dogs. Biopsy can also be performed using laparoscopy or surgery. While complications can arise with any of these techniques, complications are less frequent when an experienced operator uses proper technique. Renal biopsy specimens must be processed and evaluated appropriately if consistent and accurate diagnoses are to be rendered. The article summarizes patient selection and evaluation, renal biopsy techniques, expected complications of renal biopsy, and appropriate processing and evaluation of the renal biopsy specimen.     

Animal species identification in food products: evolution of biomolecular methods

Species identification in food has increasingly acquired importance due to public health, economic and legal concerns. Traditional methods have relied on the identification of morphological traits, but this does not lead to accurate identification of those species used in many types of processed food. As a result, laboratory techniques have been devised using electrophoretic and immunological methods focussing on protein profiles and, more recently, biomolecular techniques have been developed. However, these techniques also present problems and difficulties, especially in the case of matrices that are heterogeneous or have been subjected to severe treatments during processing.     

Breeding soundness evaluation of bulls by semen analysis,testicular fine needle aspiration cytology and trans-scrotal ultrasonography

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of trans-scrotal ultrasonography and testicular fine needle aspiration cytology in assessing bulls for breeding suitability. These two techniques were also compared with semen analysis. Bulls presented for breeding soundness evaluation were assessed using all three techniques. The findings of each technique were compared. There was agreement in classification of fertile bulls using all three techniques, suggesting that the combined use of these techniques enhances routine breeding soundness examination. Use of the three techniques also enhances detailed investigation of suspected sub-fertile bulls while accurately identifying testicular cause(s) of sire sub-fertility.     

Neurophysiological techniques to assess pain in animals

Neurophysiological techniques are widely applied to animals, both in the search as a monitor for adequacy of anaesthesia, and studies to assess the efficacy of analgesic agents. Laboratory animals have been extensively used in models to investigate pain in man. However a substantial number of studies have also used neurophysiological techniques to increase knowledge of pain in specific animal species, with the aim of improving animal welfare. This review provides an overview of neurophysiological techniques involving the brain that have been used in the assessment of pain in animals. An explanation of the methodology of EEG recording, with particular emphasis on veterinary studies, is given. Neurophysiological models developed to assess pain in different species are described, and their relevance to advancements in animal welfare or best clinical practice indicated.