饲料组成对银鲳幼鱼生长率及肌肉氨基酸、脂肪酸组成的影响

研究分析了饲料组成对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼特定生长率(SGR)及肌肉氨基酸与脂肪酸组成的影响。实验共设4组不同的饲料组成,依次为饲料A(鱼肉糜)、饲料B(鱼肉糜+配合饲料)、饲料C(鱼肉糜+配合饲料+蛏子肉糜)和饲料D(鱼肉糜+配合饲料+蛏子肉糜+桡足类)。实验用银鲳幼鱼的平均体重为4.80±0.11 g,每组饲料设3重复,实验周期为9周。研究结果显示,不同饲料组成可显著影响银鲳的特定生长率,饲料A组的特定生长率最低,并显著低于其它各饲料组;饲料D组的特定生长率最高,且显著高于饲料B、C组的特定生长率(P<0.05);但饲料B、C组间银鲳特定生长率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。银鲳肌肉氨基酸与脂肪酸的分析结果显示,4组饲料组成对银鲳肌肉氨基酸的组成及含量并无显著性影响(P>0.05),但可显著影响肌肉脂肪酸的组成及含量(P<0.05)。饲料D组的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)及n-3HUFA含量均分别显著高于饲料A、B和C组(P<0.05),饲料B和C组的PUFA、HUFA及n-3HUFA均分别显著高于饲料A组(P<0.05),但饲料B、C组间并无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综合分析得出,丰富的饲料组成以及饲料中较高的HUFA含量均有利于银鲳幼鱼的生长。     

Effects of varying dietary fatty acid profile on growth performance, fatty acid, body and tissue composition of juvenile pike perch (Sander lucioperca)

Pike perch (Sander lucioperca) has been identified as specie destined to diverse European inland aquaculture, but knowledge on the nutritional requirements is weak. Therefore, we investigated the effect of varying dietary fatty acid (FA) profile by partial replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils on growth, FA and body composition of juvenile pike perch. An extruded basal diet containing 59 g kg^?1 crude lipids (FO) was added with 60 g kg^?1 FO, 60 g kg^?1 linseed oil (LO) or 60 g kg^?1 soybean oil (SO). The resulting dietary FA composition differed mainly in the triglyceride fraction and was characterized by highest amounts of linolenic acid (18:3 n‐3) in the LO diet and linoleic acid in the SO diet. Diet enriched with FO contained highest contents of highly unsaturated FA 20:5 n‐3 (eicosapentaenic acid) and 22:6 n‐3 (docosahexaenic acid). Pike perch were held in a recirculation system and each feeding group (in triplicate) was fed with experimental diets at a daily rate of 35 g kg^?1 of biomass for 57 days by automatic feeders. Weight gain and specific growth rate of experimental feeding groups ranged between 18.47 and 19.58 g and 1.37–1.45% day^?1 and was not affected by the dietary composition indicating that FO can be replaced by vegetable oils without negative impact on growth performance. In contrast to the whole body and muscle composition, liver tissue was affected by the varying diets. Liver tissues of fish fed diets enriched with vegetable oils showed significantly increased lipid contents of 162 (LO) and 147 (SO) g kg^?1 and indicate decreased lipid utilization compared with fish fed FO diet (liver lipid content 112 g kg^?1). Nevertheless, hepatosomatic index of pike perch was not influenced by dietary lipid composition. The FA profile of pike perch was generally determined by the dietary FAs.     

饲养密度对银鲳幼鱼增重率及消化酶活性的影响

研究了饲养密度对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼(5.33±0.07 g)增重率及消化酶活性的影响。实验共设4组饲养密度,分别为5、10、15、25 ind.m-3,依次编为D1、D2、D3、D4组,实验周期为60 d。研究结果显示,饲养密度对银鲳幼鱼的增重率具有显著性影响,4组密度组中以D3组银鲳的增重率最高,且均显著高于其它3组密度组(P<0.05)。最高密度组(D4组)的增重率与D2组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但两组的增重率均显著高于D1组(P<0.05)。4组密度组间银鲳胃蛋白酶活性并无显著性差异,但胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性则在不同密度组间呈现出显著性差异。胰蛋白酶与脂肪酶活性均在D3组达到最高值,且均显著高于其它各密度组(P<0.05)。D3和D4组的淀粉酶活性显著高于D1和D2组(P<0.05)。综合分析可知,饲养密度可显著影响银鲳幼鱼的增重率与消化酶活性,本实验条件下的适宜饲养密度范围内(15 ind.m-3左右),银鲳幼鱼具有较好的生长速度及较高的消化酶活性。     

低盐胁迫对银鲳幼鱼肠道消化酶活力的影响

通过逐级降低水体盐度的方法,将银鲳幼鱼分别在盐度25、20、15和10的条件下饲养至120 h,检测不同盐度下、不同时间点银鲳幼鱼肠道脂肪酶、淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶的活力。结果表明,随着盐度的降低和处理时间的延长,脂肪酶的活力总体表现出先升后降的变化趋势(P0.05);淀粉酶的活力呈升高的变化趋势(P0.05);胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶活力的变化趋势不同,胰蛋白酶的活力呈现升高的趋势(P0.05),而胃蛋白酶活力呈下降的变化趋势(P0.05)。说明盐度降低会对银鲳幼鱼肠道的消化酶产生激活作用,从而促进肠道对营养物质的利用,达到补充机体所损失的能量的目的。但对于不同种酶,激活的顺序和程度却不尽相同,甚至当超出一定的耐受范围后,酶活力反而被抑制。在本研究中,随着盐度的下降和处理时间的延长,脂类物质首先被大量消耗,然后是淀粉类物质,而蛋白类物质在整个过程中的利用率较低。因此建议,在雨季来临之前,提高脂类和淀粉类物质的投喂量,将有助于提高幼体对低盐度的耐受性及其成活率。     

银鲳与翎鲳肌肉必需氨基酸组成模式的比较分析

比较分析了相同规格银鲳与翎鲳幼鱼肌肉必需氨基酸的组成模式。结果显示,银鲳与翎鲳肌肉中氨基酸均以谷氨酸含量最高,分别为2.91、2.77 g/100 g湿物质,色氨酸含量最低,分别为0.17、0.18 g/100 g湿物质;银鲳肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量及呈味氨基酸总量分别为18.08、9.32与6.84 g/100 g湿物质,翎鲳肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量及呈味氨基酸总量分别为17.25、8.80与6.60 g/100 g湿物质;银鲳肌肉中必需氨基酸的组成比例为缬氨酸∶蛋氨酸∶异亮氨酸∶亮氨酸∶苏氨酸∶苯丙氨酸∶组氨酸∶赖氨酸∶精氨酸∶色氨酸=6.02∶3.12∶5.66∶9.45∶4.33∶4.50∶2.56∶11.15∶7.06∶1.00,翎鲳肌肉必需氨基酸中缬氨酸∶蛋氨酸∶异亮氨酸∶亮氨酸∶苏氨酸∶苯丙氨酸∶组氨酸∶赖氨酸∶精氨酸∶色氨酸=5.64∶2.42∶5.18∶8.74∶4.12∶4.13∶2.46∶10.28∶6.65∶1.00。统计分析表明,银鲳与翎鲳间肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、呈味氨基酸总量以及必需氨基酸的组成模式并无显著性差异(P0.05)。     

Influences of dietary fatty acid profile on growth, body composition and blood chemistry in juvenile fat cod (Hexagrammos otakii Jordan et Starks)

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary lipid source and n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 HUFA) level on growth, body composition and blood chemistry of juvenile fat cod. Triplicate groups of fish (13.2 ± 0.54 g) were fed the diets containing different n‐3 HUFA levels (0–30 g kg^?1) adjusted by either lauric acid or different proportions of corn oil, linseed oil and squid liver oil at 100 g kg^?1 of total lipid level. Survival was not affected by dietary fatty acids composition. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed the diets containing squid liver oil were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those fed the diets containing lauric acid, corn oil or linseed oil as the sole lipid source. Weight gain, feed efficiency and PER of fish increased with increasing dietary n‐3 HUFA level up to 12–16 g kg^?1, but the values decreased in fish fed the diet containing 30 g kg^?1 n‐3 HUFA. The result of second‐order polynomial regression showed that the maximum weight gain and feed efficiency could be attained at 17 g kg^?1 n‐3 HUFA. Plasma protein, glucose and cholesterol contents were not affected by dietary fatty acids composition. However, plasma triglyceride content in fish fed the diet containing lauric acid as the sole lipid source was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of fish fed the other diets. Lipid content of fish fed the diets containing each of lauric acid or corn oil was lower than that of fish fed the diets containing linseed oil or squid liver oil only. Fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipid fractions in the whole body of fat cod fed the diets containing various levels of n‐3 HUFA were reflected by dietary fatty acids compositions. The contents of n‐3 HUFA in polar and neutral lipids of fish increased with an increase in dietary n‐3 HUFA level. These results indicate that dietary n‐3 HUFA are essential and the diet containing 12–17 g kg^?1 n‐3 HUFA is optimal for growth and efficient feed utilization of juvenile fat cod, however, excessive n‐3 HUFA supplement may impair the growth of fish.     

Effects of dietary DHA/EPA ratios on growth performance,survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic to eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA) ratios on growth performance, survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated to contain different DHA/EPA ratios (0.70, 0.84, 1.06 and 1.25). There were three replicates (15 crabs per replicate) for each diet treatment. The crabs were fed (about 6–8% body weight) twice daily for 8 weeks. A good growth performance and feed utilization were observed in swimming crabs fed the diets with DHA/EPA ratios of 0.70 and 0.84. Crabs fed diet with 0.70 DHA/EPA ratio showed a significantly higher weight gain (WG) compared with the crabs fed the diet with DHA/EPA ratio of 1.25 (P < 0.05). The result of this study showed that the survival increased with decreasing the ratio of DHA/EPA. The DHA/EPA ratios in polar lipid from tissues were influenced by the dietary DHA/EPA ratios. Results of this study indicated that the growth performance and survival of juvenile swimming crab are correlated to the DHA/EPA ratio in the diets, and the best growth performance and survival were achieved with the ratios of 0.70–0.84.     

Effects of olive pomace on growth performance,digestibility, body composition and fatty acid profile in yearling Siberian sturgeon,Acipenser baerii (Brandt 1896)

Replacement of olive pomace (OP) with wheat flour in diet was studied in diet of yearling Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Fish (165 ± 6.8 g) were randomly allocated to 15 fibreglass tanks (15 fish/tank, in triplicate). Fish were assigned to one of five dietary treatments at 19.1 ± 1.5°C for 8 weeks: control diet (crude protein and crude lipid at 514.6 and 188 g/kg_, respectively) and four experimental diets with 20, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg OP to replace wheat flour in the experimental diets. No significant difference was observed in the final weight, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, hepatosomatic index, viscera‐somatic index and survival rate among the treatments (p > 0.05). No change was seen in digestibility of protein and lipid in diets containing 20 g/kg and 50 g/kg OP compared to control group, while these values decreased with increasing in OP above 50 g/kg. Digestibility of dry matter and gross energy among the treatments demonstrated no significant difference (p > 0.05). Polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially C22:6n3 (DHA), in the muscle of the fish fed 75 g/kg and 100 g/kg OP in diets were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). These data show that OP could be recommended as a substitute for wheat flour in diet of S. sturgeon but its utilization for other species warranted future works.     

饲料中添加南极磷虾粉对银鲳幼鱼生长、非特异性免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

以银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼为研究对象,设置4组不同南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉水平(0%、10%、20%、40%,其中0%为对照组)的饲料,进行60 d的饲养实验,探讨饲料中添加南极磷虾粉对银鲳幼鱼生长、非特异性免疫及抗氧化功能的影响。结果显示:饲料中添加南极磷虾粉的处理组银鲳增重率与特定生长率(SGR)较对照组均有显著性提高(P <0.05),但在添加不同比例南极磷虾粉的饲料组间(10%、20%、40%),银鲳的增重率与特定生长率无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。血清中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及溶菌酶(LZM) 20%饲料组活性均为最高,但与对照组无显著差异;肝脏AKP活性、肾脏LZM活性10%饲料组均分别显著高于其它各组(P <0.05);肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性40%处理组显著高于对照组(P <0.05),20%饲料组也高于对照组,但差异不显著(P> 0.05);添加南极磷虾粉的饲料组血清和肌肉中过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均高于对照组,其中40%饲料组血清和肌肉CAT的活性均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。结果表明,本实验条件下,结合银鲳幼鱼生长性能、非特异性免疫及抗氧化能力的分析,南极磷虾粉替代饲料中鱼粉的适宜比例建议控制在10%～20%。     

Effect of dietary n‐3 HUFA on growth performance and tissue fatty acid composition of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio

A 12‐week growth trial was conducted with gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio (initial weight: 2.69 g) to evaluate the effects of dietary n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 HUFA) on growth performance and tissue fatty acid composition. Five diets of different n‐3 HUFA levels from 0 to 17 g kg^?1 diet were supplemented at 80 g kg^?1 dietary lipid by including fish oil (FO) at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of supplemental lipid. The remainder was coconut oil. The results showed that fish fed FO₂₅ and FO₅₀ obtained highest specific growth rate and lowest with FO₀. Feed efficiency was highest at FO₁₀₀ and lowest at FO₀. Apparent digestibility coefficient of lipid increased with increasing dietary n‐3 HUFA. The fish fed FO₀ diet had the lowest thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in serum and muscle and highest moisture and lowest lipid content in viscera. Fatty acid compositions of muscle and liver were correlated with dietary fatty acids. Fish muscle concentration of 20:5n‐3 increased with increasing dietary n‐3 HUFA while the concentration of 22:6n‐3 was distinctly reduced in FO₀ group. It suggested that 4 g kg^?1 n‐3 HUFA in diet could permit gibel carp normal growth performance and provide considerable n‐3 HUFA in fish muscle. Excessive n‐3 HUFA showed impact on growth performance of gibel carp.     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacement on growth and carcass proximate composition of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer)

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of dietary fish oil replacement at an optimal level on the growth and carcass proximate composition of juvenile barramundi or sea bass (Lates calcarifer). Ten fish feeds were formulated to contain iso‐ingredients with theoretically identical dietary lipid levels but with different sources of lipids (fish oil, soybean oil, canola oil and linseed oil) replacing dietary fish oil. Three hundred fish were equally divided into 30 70‐L plastic tanks (three replicate tanks for each treatment). Fish were fed with experimental diets for 40 days within closed recirculating freshwater systems (70 L h^?1, 28°C and 12L:12D). Growth, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass proximate composition were determined. Dietary lipids significantly affected (P<0.05) the growth of the fish. Good growth and low FCR were observed in all treatments. Therefore, fish oils can be partially replaced by vegetable oils to reduce the feed cost. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in lipid, moisture and protein content in fish carcasses among the group. However, juvenile barramundi showed increasing lipid and moisture content in muscle, whereas decreasing protein content when compared to the initial fish.     

银鲳卵黄发生期间组织中抗氧化水平的变化及饲料n-3 LC-PUFA对其的影响

研究了银鲳(Papus argenteus)肝及卵巢组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及丙二醛(MDA)含量在整个卵黄发生过程中的变化情况,并分析了饲料n-3 LC-PUFA对卵黄发生期间组织中抗氧化水平的影响。分别以100%鱼油(FO组)、70%鱼油和30%大豆油(FSO组)、30%鱼油和70%大豆油(SFO组)、100%大豆油(SO组)为脂肪源,配制了4组等氮、等能及等脂的试验饲料。以1年龄雌性银鲳为试验对象,每组饲料设3重复,试验周期185 d。研究结果表明,肝与卵巢组织SOD、CAT活性、T-AOC水平及MDA含量在卵黄发生过程中均呈现逐渐升高的趋势,且卵黄发生后期各指标水平均显著高于卵黄发生前期(P0.05)。肝SOD(除SO饲料组外)、CAT活性、T-AOC水平及MDA含量在卵黄发生中期与前期之间未表现出显著性差异(P0.05),而卵黄发生中期FO与FSO饲料组卵巢SOD、CAT活性及T-AOC水平则均显著高于卵黄发生前期(P0.05)。FSO饲料组肝与卵巢SOD、CAT活性在卵黄发生过程中均为最高值,且在卵黄发生中、后期均显著高于SO饲料组(P0.05),但与FO饲料组无显著性差异(P0.05)。各饲料组间肝与卵巢T-AOC水平在卵黄发生前期均未表现出显著性差异(P0.05),而在卵黄发生后期,FO与FSO饲料组肝与卵巢T-AOC水平均显著高于SO饲料组(P0.05),但FO与FSO饲料组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。肝与卵巢中MDA含量随着饲料n-3 LC-PUFA含量的升高而呈现出升高趋势,且这种升高趋势在肝组织中表现更为明显,卵巢组织MDA含量在卵黄发生中、后期仅FO饲料组表现出显著性升高趋势(P0.05),其他各饲料组在卵黄发生各期均未表现出显著性差异(P0.05)。统计分析表明,银鲳卵黄发生过程中组织中抗氧化水平逐渐升高,适宜的饲料n-3 LC-PUFA含量(4.01%,FSO饲料组)可明显改善银鲳卵黄发生中期与后期组织中的抗氧化水平。双因素方差分析结果表明,试验饲料与卵黄发生时期对银鲳组织抗氧化水平均具有极显著性影响(P0.01),且两者对肝T-AOC水平与MDA含量存在显著性的交互作用(P0.05)。     

Effects of dietary lipid sources on growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth performance and fatty acid (FA) composition of juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isoenergetic and isonitrogenous semi‐purified diets containing casein, solvent‐extracted soybean meal and gelatin as protein sources, were supplemented with 60 g kg⁻¹ of lipid sources. The lipid sources included: pollack fish oil (PO), pork lard (PL), soy oil (SO), peanut oil (PN), rapeseed oil (RO) and a mixture of pollack fish oil and soy oil (POSO 1 : 1 w/w). Each diet was fed to juvenile shrimp (0.10 g average weight) four times daily in triplicate tanks to apparent satiation (feeding ratio was about 8%) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher for shrimp fed the diet containing PO and the POSO mixture oil than the other lipid sources. The nutritional values of SO, RO, PN and PL were similar. Shrimp fed on PO, mixture oil of POSO and SO had better survival rates than the other lipid sources, and shrimp fed the PL had the lowest survival rate. There were significant differences in lipid contents of whole body and hepatopancreas amongst the dietary treatments; however, lipid contents of tail muscle were not significantly affected by the dietary lipid sources. Shrimps fed POSO diet had higher protein content in whole body than those fed the other lipid sources, and shrimp fed PO diet had highest crude protein content of the tail muscle. A high correlation was found between dietary FA composition and FA composition of whole shrimp. FA composition of the whole body was generally affected by dietary lipid sources, especially dietary unsaturated FA.     

Effects of dietary phospholipid and cholesterol levels on growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different phospholipids (PL) and cholesterol (CH) levels on the growth, moulting and fatty acid composition of juvenile swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. Six diets were designed to contain three PL levels (0, 10 and 20 g/kg) and two CH levels (2 and 8 g/kg). Juvenile swimming crabs (3.48 ± 0.02 g/crab) were reared for 8 weeks. The weight gain (WG) was significantly (p < .05) increased by supplementation of 8 g CH/kg of diet. However, no significant interaction between dietary PL and CH levels was found on the growth performance (p > .05). The moulting frequency (MF), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency ratio (FCR) were not significantly (p > .05) affected by the dietary treatments. The serum total cholesterol (TCH) significantly (p > .05) increased with increasing dietary PL level. The C20:4n‐6 and C20:5n‐3 content of the whole body of crabs increased with the addition of PL to the diet containing 2 g/kg CH of diet. An interaction was observed between PL and CH on certain saturated and unsaturated fatty acid concentrations of body.     

养殖与野生银鲳精巢发育形态学和组织学的初步比较

采用组织学与形态学等方法研究养殖与野生银鲳(Pampus argenteus)精巢结构、细胞形态、发育过程的异同点。结果表明:银鲳精巢结构为典型的小叶型结构,由精小叶、精小囊、小叶间质、小叶腔和输出管构成;生殖细胞可划分为5类;精巢发育与其他海水鱼类一样,可划分为6个时期。通过实验得知,养殖银鲳个体普遍小于野生银鲳的个体,且同等大小个体的养殖银鲳的精巢发育也不如野生银鲳精巢饱满,推测可能由于营养和环境温度的差异所造成。     

不同饲料对银鲳幼鱼增重率、肝脏脂酶及抗氧化酶活性的影响

利用营养学与生物化学的方法,研究分析了不同饲料对银鲳幼鱼增重率、饲料系数、肝脏脂酶及抗氧化酶活性的影响。试验共设4组不同饲料,依次为饲料1(新鲜鱼肉糜)、饲料2(新鲜鱼肉糜+饲料)、饲料3(新鲜鱼肉糜+饲料+蛏子肉糜)和饲料4(新鲜鱼肉糜+饲料+蛏子肉糜+桡足类)。试验用银鲳幼鱼的平均体重为(4.80±0.11)g,每组饲料设3重复,试验周期为9周。研究结果显示,不同饲料可显著影响银鲳的增重率,各饲料组中以饲料1组的增重率最低,并显著低于其它各饲料组;饲料4组的增重率最高,并显著高于饲料2、3组的增重率(P<0.05)。饲料系数以饲料1组最高,且显著高于其它3组饲料组;饲料2、3、4组饲料系数间并无显著性差异(P>0.05)。饲料1组肝脂酶与总脂酶活性均显著低于其它3组饲料组(P<0.05),但饲料2、3、4组间肝脏脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶和总脂酶活性均未有显著性差异(P>0.05)。各组间肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性均未有显著性差异(P>0.05),但均以饲料1组最低、饲料4组最高;饲料1、2、3组间肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性未有显著性差异(P>0.05),但饲料4组CAT活性显著高于饲料1组的CAT活性(P<0.05)。分析结果表明,单纯利用鱼肉糜作为饲料不利于银鲳的生长;饲料中添加桡足类不但有助于促进银鲳的生长,也可提高其抗氧化能力。     

渤海银鲳成熟卵巢生化成分分析

采用现代生化分析方法,研究了渤海银鲳卵巢组织的生化成分。结果表明:卵巢水分平均含量为68.83%,蛋白质平均含量15.45%,脂肪平均含量12.37%,灰分平均含量1.21%,糖类(碳水化合物)平均含量1.82%;卵巢组织的17种氨基酸中以谷氨酸含量最高,天冬氨酸次之,赖氨酸居于第三位;卵巢脂质中的主要脂肪酸排列顺序如下:C18∶1(n9&7)>C16∶0>C22∶6n3>C16∶1n7>C20∶5n3,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)占脂肪酸总量的18.95%~25.28%,单烯酸(MUFA)占24.67%~31.87%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占19.72%~24.26%,EPA和DHA之和占16.27%~20.08%。     

n-3/n-6 HUFA对许氏平鲉幼鱼生长、体组成及组织脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究饲料n-3/n-6高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)对许氏平鲉幼鱼生长、体组成及组织脂肪酸组成的影响,配制了6种n-3/n-6 HUFA(D1:14.28,D2:9.26,D3:5.66,D4:3.06,D5:2.02,D6:1.50)的等氮等脂的实验饲料。以许氏平鲉幼鱼(36.30±0.03) g为研究对象,在网箱中养殖65 d,分为6实验组,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。结果发现:①饲料n-3/n-6 HUFA对许氏平鲉幼鱼的成活率无显著影响。随着n-3/n-6 HUFA降低,幼鱼增重率呈先上升后下降趋势,饲料系数呈相反趋势,D2和D3组的增重率显著高于各组。②全鱼和肌肉粗脂肪含量呈先上升后下降趋势,分别在D2、D3组达到最大值。肝脏粗脂肪含量呈先下降后上升趋势,D2组显著小于其他各组。③各组织C20:4n-6含量随n-3/n-6 HUFA的降低均呈上升趋势,而C20:5n-3、C22:6n-3和n-3/n-6 HUFA整体呈下降趋势。④鱼体脂肪酸组成受饲料影响程度由大到小依次为腹脂、肌肉、全鱼、肝脏,且各组织C20:5n-3与饲料C20:4n-6均呈显著负相关。研究表明,在本实验条件下,饲料中适宜比例(5.66～9.26)的n-3/n-6 HUFA显著提高实验鱼的生长,改变体组成及组织脂肪酸组成,以增重率和饲料系数作评价指标,经一元二次回归分析得许氏平鲉幼鱼饲料中n-3/n-6 HUFA的适宜比例分别是8.93和8.70。     

Fatty acid and proximate composition of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) muscle with regard to plasma lipids

The composition of tail muscle fatty acids from wild and cultured bluefin tuna reared on a diet based on herring and sardine, along with the plasma lipid profile of the farmed individuals, was determined. The total lipid content of farmed bluefin in this study was 0.922 g/100 g or 3.49 g of saturated fatty acids (SAFA), 4.48 g of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 2.58 g polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n‐3 and 0.37 g of PUFA n‐6 fatty acids; for wild specimens, it was 0.920 g/100 g, or 2.85 g of SAFA, 4.82 g of MUFA, 2.78 g PUFA n‐3 and 0.27 g of PUFA n‐6 fatty acids. The major fatty acids in this study were 16:0; 16:1, n‐7; 18:1, n‐9 and DHA 22:6, n‐3 acids. The sum of these major components accounted for more than 57% and 80% of the total fatty acids in all the samples of farmed and wild tuna respectively. No significant differences in the proximate composition were demonstrated between farmed and wild samples, except for the energy value, in favour of the farmed tuna. Statistically, glucose tends to increase together with cholesterol (CHOL) and plasma triglyceride, as for these pairs, it showed positive correlation coefficients and P>0.05. Some measured tuna metabolites demonstrated strong mutual correlations, especially GLU, CHOL and TRIG, which are crucial factors in the lipid profile of animals.     

Effect of dietary oxidized oil and vitamin E on growth performance,lipid peroxidation and fatty acid profile of Labeo rohita fingerlings

A 3 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted on Labeo rohita fingerlings to evaluate the effect of dietary oxidized oil and vitamin E. Nine experimental diets were made, based on three degrees of oil oxidation (fresh oil, low oil oxidation and high oil oxidation), and each level of oxidation was further supplemented with three levels of vitamin E (0, 100 and 1,000 mg/kg). Weight gain% and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed fresh fish oil and low oil oxidation level were significantly higher than highly oxidized oil. Moreover, vitamin E supplemented fish also showed better growth performance. Oil oxidation caused a significant reduction in the concentrations of α‐tocopherol and increase in TBARS level and antioxidant enzyme activities in fish liver and muscles. However, increasing the dietary vitamin E abrogated these effects. Dietary vitamin E supplementation improved the fatty acid, more specifically polyunsaturated fatty acids profile of oxidized oil fed fish. In conclusion, dietary oxidized fish oil increased the oxidative stress condition of fish but supplementation of high dose of vitamin E prevented lipid oxidation, improved growth performance and fatty acid profile of L. rohita.